改进音频播放

当您尝试使用 USB API 直接访问 USB 音频外设时，会出现问题。这些问题可能包括：安全问题、限制其他应用的媒体播放，以及无法通过 USB 设备丢失闹钟、通知和铃声。

如需改善音频播放效果，请改为配置混音器属性。

配置混音器属性

通过使用 AudioMixerAttributes API，您可以通过 USB 为应用配置首选混音器属性。

如果您的应用播放符合首选混音器属性的编码格式、声道掩码和采样率，系统会将播放附加到音频输出流，该流的混音器配置了首选混音器属性。

只要 USB 设备支持相应的配置，您的应用就可以在任何配置下流式传输到硬件抽象层 (HAL) 和设备。

AudioMixerAttributes 中允许的两种混音器行为是 DEFAULT 和 BIT_PERFECT。当混音器行为为 DEFAULT 时，表示混合了来自不同来源的音频数据。

当混音器行为为 BIT_PERFECT 时，不会向播放应用任何混音、音量调整或音频处理效果。数据按原样发送到 HAL，并最终发送到 USB 设备。

借助 BIT_PERFECT，您可以在 Android 设备上通过脉冲编码调制 (PCM) 定向流式传输数字 (DSD)。以下代码示例展示了如何实现这一点：

Kotlin

val EXPECTED_FORMAT: AudioFormat = AudioFormat.Builder()
  .setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)
  .setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)
  .setSampleRate(44100)
  .build()

fun startPlayback() {
  // Query all supported mixer attributes
  val mixerAttributesList: List<AudioMixerAttributes?> =
    mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice)

  // Find the wanted mixer attributes
  val mixerAttributes = mixerAttributesList.stream()
    .filter { mixerAttr: AudioMixerAttributes? ->
      EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(
        mixerAttr!!.format
      )
    }
    .findAny()
    .orElse(null)

  // Register a listener to mixer attributes changed
  val listener = MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener()
  mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
    Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener
  )

  // Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed
  val attr: AudioAttributes = AudioAttributes.Builder()
    .setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build()
  // Set preferred mixer attributes
  mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(
    attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes
  )

  // Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must
  // match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`
  // API.
  val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
    .setAudioAttributes(attr)
    .setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes!!.format)
    .build()

  // Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when
  // playback task is completed
  mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice)
  mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(listener)
}

private class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener :
  AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {
  override fun onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(
    attributes: AudioAttributes,
    device: AudioDeviceInfo,
    mixerAttributes: AudioMixerAttributes?,
  ) {
    // Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed
  }
}

Java

final AudioFormat EXPECTED_FORMAT = new AudioFormat.Builder()
        .setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)
        .setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)
        .setSampleRate(44100)
        .build();

void startPlayback() {
    // Query all supported mixer attributes
    List<AudioMixerAttributes> mixerAttributesList =
    mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice);

    // Find the wanted mixer attributes
    AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes =
        mixerAttributesList.stream()
            .filter(mixerAttr -> EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(mixerAttr.getFormat()))
            .findAny()
            .orElse(null);

    // Register a listener to mixer attributes changed
    MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener listener =
        new MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener();
    mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener);

    // Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed
    AudioAttributes attr = new AudioAttributes.Builder()
           .setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build();
    // Set preferred mixer attributes
    mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(
            attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes);

    // Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must
    // match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`
    // API.
    AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack.Builder()
            .setAudioAttributes(attr)
            .setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes.getFormat())
            .build();

    // Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when
    // playback task is completed
    mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice);
    mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
            listener);
}

private class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener
        implements AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {
    @Override
    public void onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(
        AudioAttributes attributes,
        AudioDeviceInfo device,
        AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes) {
        // Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed
    }
}