功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，以帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。此外，如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看 Android 15 以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用对应用有影响的行为变更以及影响所有应用（无论 targetSdkVersion 如何）的行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种功能，可改善相机和媒体体验，并可让您使用各种工具和硬件来支持创作者在 Android 上将其构想变为现实。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请参阅 Google I/O 大会的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验演讲。

弱光增强

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

应用内相机控件

Android 15 添加了一个新扩展，用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法：

• 高级闪光灯强度调整，可让您在拍摄照片时精确控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下的闪光强度。

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间更好地平衡。

音量控制

Android 15 引入了对 CTA-2075 音量标准的支持，以帮助您避免音频音量不一致，并确保用户在切换内容时无需不断调整音量。系统利用输出设备（耳机和扬声器）的已知特征以及 AAC 音频内容中提供的音量元数据来智能地调整音频音量和动态范围压缩级别。

如需启用此功能，您需要确保 AAC 内容中有音量元数据，并在您的应用中启用平台功能。为此，您可以使用关联的 AudioTrack 中的音频会话 ID 调用其 create 工厂方法，从而实例化此对象；此方法会自动开始应用音频更新。LoudnessCodecController您可以传递 OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener 以在将音量参数应用于 MediaCodec 之前修改或过滤这些参数。

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer 也将更新，以使用 LoudnessCodecController API 实现无缝应用集成。

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接到 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，USB 使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 扩展了对虚拟 MIDI 应用的 UMP 支持，使合成器应用能够像对待 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样将合成器应用作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备进行控制。

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d, the popular AV1 software decoder from VideoLAN is now available for Android devices that don't support AV1 decode in hardware. dav1d is up to 3x more performant than the legacy AV1 software decoder, enabling HD AV1 playback for more users, including some low and mid tier devices.

For now, your app needs to opt-in to using dav1d by invoking it by name "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d will be made the default AV1 software decoder in a subsequent update. This support is standardized and backported to Android 11 devices that receive Google Play system updates.

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们的大部分办公工作都围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具展开，但我们始终在平台中寻找方法来帮助您更轻松地实现愿景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 会继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进：

• 改进了 NIO 缓冲区的使用寿命
• 信息流
• 其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
• util 软件包更新，包括有序的 collection、map 和 set
• Deflater 中的 ByteBuffer 支持
• 安全更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全密钥更新

这些 API 通过 Google Play 系统更新在超过 10 亿台搭载 Android 12（API 级别 31）及更高版本的设备上进行了更新，让您能够以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

改进了 PDF

Android 15 对 PdfRenderer API 进行了重大改进。应用可以整合一些高级功能，例如渲染受密码保护的文件、注解、表单编辑、搜索和通过复制进行选择。支持线性 PDF 优化，以加快本地 PDF 的查看速度并减少资源使用量。

针对 PDF 渲染功能的最新更新包括搜索嵌入式 PDF 文件等功能。

PdfRenderer 已移至一个模块，此模块可使用与平台版本无关的 Google Play 系统更新来进行更新，并且我们将通过创建兼容的 API Surface 低于 Android 15 的版本（称为 PdfRendererPreV）来支持在 Android 11（API 级别 30）中更新这些变更。

我们非常重视您对 PdfRenderer API 接口的增强功能的反馈，我们计划通过即将推出的 Android Jetpack 库，让开发者能更轻松地将这些 API 整合到您的应用中。

语言切换自动优化

Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能，可在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致单词丢失，尤其是在语言切换时，两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件，可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言，这些选项特别有用。

改进了 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。您现在可以使用可变字体创建 FontFamily 实例，而无需使用 buildVariableFamily API 指定粗细轴。文本渲染程序会覆盖 wght 轴的值以匹配显示的文本。

使用新的 API，这大大简化了创建 Typeface 的代码：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了同时使用新旧 API 创建的 Typeface 如何呈现：

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 无法为 350、450、550 和 650 Font 实例创建准确的字体粗细，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的粗细。因此，在此例中，会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450，依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会为给定权重动态创建 Font 实例，因此也会为 350、450、550 和 650 呈现准确的权重。

细化的换行符控件

从 Android 15 开始，TextView 和底层换行符可以将文本的给定部分保留在同一行中，以提高可读性。您可以通过在字符串资源或 createNoBreakSpan 中使用 <nobreak> 标记来利用此换行符自定义功能。同样，您可以使用 <nohyphen> 标记或 createNoHyphenationSpan 避免断字的情况。

例如，以下字符串资源不包含换行符，而是在不希望的位置显示文本“Pixel 8 Pro”进行渲染：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

相比之下，此字符串资源包含 <nobreak> 标记，该标记会封装短语“Pixel 8 Pro.”并防止换行符：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

这些字符串的呈现方式差异如下图所示：

用于设置一行文本的布局，其中词组“Pixel 8 Pro”未使用 <nobreak> 标记进行换行。

同一行文本的布局，其中词组“Pixel 8 Pro”用 <nobreak> 标记封装。

应用归档

Android 和 Google Play 去年宣布支持应用归档，这让用户可以通过从 Google Play 上使用 Android App Bundle 发布的部分不常用的应用来释放空间。Android 15 现在包含对应用归档和取消归档的操作系统级支持，因此所有应用商店都可以更轻松地实现此功能。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 权限的应用可以调用 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法来请求归档已安装的应用软件包，此操作会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件，但会保留用户数据。已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps API 作为可显示的应用返回；用户会看到界面处理方式，以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用，相关安装程序将收到将其取消归档的请求，并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 广播监控恢复过程。

图形

Android 15 引入了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 以及对 Canvas 图形系统的补充。

对 Android 的 GPU 访问功能进行现代化改造

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

对 Canvas 的改进

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并增添了新功能：

• Matrix44 提供了一个用于转换坐标的 4x4 矩阵，当您想要处理 3D 画布时，应使用此矩阵。
• clipShader 将当前裁剪与指定着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将裁剪设置为当前裁剪和着色器的差异，其中各自将着色器视为 Alpha 蒙版。这有助于高效绘制复杂形状。

性能和电池

Android 将继续专注于帮助您提高应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了新的 API，可帮助您更高效地执行应用中的任务、优化应用性能，以及收集有关应用的数据洞见。

如需了解省电最佳实践、调试网络和功耗问题，以及我们如何提高 Android 15 和最新 Android 版本中后台工作的电池效率，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 平台上后台工作的电池效率演讲。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

详细的应用大小信息

自 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）起，Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节，这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件（例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码）的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言，此数字并不富有见解。

Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间，包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

应用管理的性能剖析

Android 15 包含全新的 ProfilingManager 类，可让您从应用内收集性能分析信息。我们计划使用 Android Jetpack API 封装该类，这将简化性能分析请求的构建过程，但核心 API 将允许收集堆转储、堆配置文件、堆栈采样等信息。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调，用于标识输出文件，该文件将传递到应用的文件目录。该 API 会限制速率限制，以最大限度地降低对性能的影响。

SQLite 数据库改进

Android 15 introduces new SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: new APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隐私权

Android 15 包含各种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 构建了通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup 支持更精确的 Intent 解析，其中包含一组 UriRelativeFilter 对象，这些对象构成了一组必须满足的 Intent 匹配规则，其中包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。

您可以使用新的 <uri-relative-filter-group> 标记在 AndroidManifest XML 文件中定义这些规则，也可以选择包含 android:allow 标记。这些标记可以包含使用现有数据标记属性以及新的 android:query 和 android:fragment 属性的 <data> 标记。

下面是 AndroidManifest 语法的示例：

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

• Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
• Launcher apps
• App store apps

Caution: There is a known issue with private space in Beta 2 that affects app icons on the Home screen. A fix for this issue is included in the Beta 2.2 release.

查询所选照片访问权限的最近用户选择

现在，授予媒体权限的部分访问权限后，应用可以仅突出显示最近选择的照片和视频。此功能可以改善频繁请求访问照片和视频的应用的用户体验。如需在您的应用中使用此功能，请在通过 ContentResolver 查询 MediaStore 时启用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 参数。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序，以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术，以便更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for new data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

局部屏幕共享

Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is now required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 为应用开发者和用户提供了更大的控制力和灵活性，让他们能够根据自己的需求配置设备。

如需详细了解如何利用 Android 15 的最新改进来提升应用的用户体验，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验演讲。

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更丰富的 widget 预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 introduces new changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes a new state.

With this new UI state, apps targeting Android 15 will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule 可让应用自定义注意力管理（勿扰）规则，并决定何时启用或停用这些规则。Android 15 大幅增强了这些规则，以改善用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能：

• 将类型添加到 AutomaticZenRule，允许系统对某些规则应用特殊处理。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加了图标，有助于使模式更易于识别。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加 triggerDescription 字符串，用于描述应在哪些条件下为用户启用规则。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加了 ZenDeviceEffects，以允许规则触发灰度显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸等功能。

为通知渠道设置振动效果

Android 15 支持使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 按渠道为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，以便用户可以区分不同类型的通知，而无需看自己的设备。

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 支持您的应用充分利用 Android 设备类型，包括大屏设备、可翻转设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏幕多任务处理

Android 15 为用户提供了更好的在大屏设备上进行多任务处理的方式。例如，用户可以保存他们喜欢的分屏应用组合以快速访问，还可以固定屏幕上的任务栏以在应用之间快速切换。这意味着，确保应用具有自适应能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

Google I/O 大会举办了有关构建自适应 Android 应用和使用 Material 3 自适应库构建界面的会议，这对您有所帮助。我们的文档中包含更多可以帮助您针对大屏幕进行设计的文档。

封面屏幕支持

您的应用可以声明一项属性，Android 15 会使用该属性将您的 Application 或 Activity 呈现在支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为 Android 应用的兼容目标，但您的应用可以选择支持这些屏幕，从而让您的应用可在更多位置使用。

畅连乐享

Android 15 更新了该平台，让您的应用能够利用通信和无线技术领域的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 正努力让感应式付款体验更加顺畅和可靠，同时继续支持 Android 强大的 NFC 应用生态系统。在受支持的设备上，应用可以请求 NfcAdapter 进入观察模式，在该模式下，设备会监听 NFC 读取器，但不响应 NFC 读取器，同时发送应用的 NFC 服务 PollingFrame 对象进行处理。PollingFrame 对象可用于在首次与 NFC 读取器通信之前进行身份验证，在许多情况下可实现一键交易。

此外，应用现在可以在受支持的设备上注册指纹，以便接收轮询循环活动的相关通知，从而实现通过多个可感知 NFC 的应用顺畅执行的操作。

钱包角色

Android 15 引入了一个新的钱包角色，可让您与用户首选的钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色取代了 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以通过导航到设置 > 应用 > 默认应用来管理 Google 钱包角色持有者。

在为付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 触碰时，可使用“钱包”角色。除非已在前台运行为同一 AID 注册的另一个应用，否则点按操作会始终转到钱包角色持有者。

此角色还可用于确定钱包“快速访问”功能块在启用后应转到的位置。当角色设置为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且付款类别 NFC 触碰仅会传送到前台应用。

安全性

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用的安全性，保护应用的数据，并让用户更好地了解和控制其数据。请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的在 Android 设备上保护用户安全演讲，详细了解我们为改进用户保护措施并保护您的应用免受新威胁的工作。

适用于端到端加密的密钥管理

我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager，它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。

针对内容 URI 的权限检查

Android 15 引入了一组可对内容 URI 执行权限检查的新 API：

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：这会对内容 URI 执行完整的权限检查。
• Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：这会在 activity 启动时，对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
• Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：这表示启动 activity 的应用。

无障碍功能

Android 15 添加了一些功能来改进用户的无障碍功能。

改进盲文功能

在 Android 15 中，TalkBack 可以支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，有助于 Android 随着时间的推移而支持更广泛的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 添加了一些特性和功能，可在以不同语言使用设备时补充用户体验。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式，并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。

中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的可变字体在不同字体宽度下的显示效果。

字符间理由

从 Android 15 开始，可以使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 利用字母间距将文本两端对齐。Android 8.0（API 级别 26）中首次引入了字词间对齐，而字符间对齐可为使用空格字符进行分割的语言（例如中文、日语等）提供类似的功能。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的英语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的英语文本布局。

使用新版 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的日语文本布局。

使用新版 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的英语文本布局。

自动换行配置

Android 从 Android 13（API 级别 33）开始针对日语和韩语支持基于短语的换行符。不过，虽然基于短语的换行符可以提高短行文本的可读性，但不适用于较长的文本。在 Android 15 中，应用现在可以使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 选项为短文本行应用基于短语的换行符。此选项用于选择最适合该文本的文字样式选项。

对于简短的文本行，使用基于短语的换行符，其功能与 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE 相同，如下图所示：

对于简短的文本行，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 会采用基于短语的换行符，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE 相同。

对于较长的文本，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 使用不换行的字词样式，其功能与 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE 相同，如下图所示：

对于较长的文本，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 不会应用换行字词样式，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE 相同。

新日语 Hentaigana 字体

在 Android 15 中，默认情况下捆绑了旧版日语平假名（称为 Hentaigana）的新字体文件。形态独特的 Hentaigana 角色可为艺术作品或设计增添独特的风格，同时有助于准确传达和理解古代日本文献。

日语 Hentaigana 字体的字符和文字样式。

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