Visão geral de recursos e APIs

O Android 14 introduz ótimos recursos e APIs para desenvolvedores. As informações a seguir ajudam você a conhecer os recursos disponíveis para os apps e a começar a usar as APIs relacionadas.

Para uma lista detalhada de APIs adicionadas, modificadas e removidas, leia a diferença de API . Para saber mais sobre as APIs adicionadas, acesse a Referência da API do Android. No Android 14, procure as APIs que foram adicionadas no nível 34 da API. Para saber mais sobre as áreas em que as mudanças na plataforma podem afetar seus apps, confira as mudanças de comportamento do Android 14 para apps destinados ao Android 14 e para todos os apps.

Internacionalização

Seleção de idioma por app

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API Grammatical Inflection

有 30 亿人在使用区分性别的语言，此类语言的语法类别（例如名词、动词、形容词和介词）会根据您交谈所涉及的人或物的性别而变化。传统上，许多区分性别的语言使用阳性语法性别作为默认或通用性别。

以错误的语法性别来称呼用户，例如以阳性语法性别来称呼女性，可能会对她们的表现和态度产生负面影响。相比之下，界面语言如果能正确反映用户的语法性别，就可以提高用户互动度，并提供更个性化、更自然的用户体验。

为帮助您针对区分性别的语言构建以用户为中心的界面，Android 14 引入了 Grammatical Inflection API，让您无需重构应用便能添加对语法性别的支持。

Preferências regionais

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Acessibilidade

Dimensionamento de fonte não linear para 200%

No Android 14 e versões mais recentes, o sistema oferece suporte ao escalonamento de fontes até 200%, oferecendo aos usuários com baixa visão outras opções de acessibilidade alinhadas às Diretrizes de Acessibilidade para Conteúdo Web (WCAG, na sigla em inglês).

Para evitar que elementos de texto grandes na tela fiquem grandes demais, o sistema aplica uma curva de dimensionamento não linear. Essa estratégia significa que textos grandes não são dimensionados na mesma taxa que os menores. O dimensionamento de fonte não linear ajuda a preservar a hierarquia proporcional entre elementos de tamanhos diferentes, reduzindo problemas com o dimensionamento linear em graus elevados, como cortes de texto ou dificuldade de leitura devido a telas muito grandes.

Testar o app com dimensionamento de fontes não linear

Ative o tamanho máximo da fonte nas configurações de acessibilidade de um dispositivo para testar o app.

Se você já usa unidades de pixels dimensionados (sp, na sigla em inglês) para definir o dimensionamento do texto, essas outras opções e melhorias de dimensionamento são aplicadas automaticamente ao texto do app. No entanto, ainda é necessário realizar testes de interface com o tamanho máximo da fonte ativado (200%) para garantir que o app aplique os tamanhos de fonte corretamente e possa acomodar fontes maiores sem afetar a usabilidade.

Para ativar o tamanho de fonte de 200%, siga estas etapas:

  1. Abra o app Configurações e navegue até Acessibilidade > Texto e tamanho de exibição.
  2. Na opção Tamanho da fonte, toque no ícone de adição (+) até ativar a configuração de tamanho máximo de fonte, conforme mostrado na imagem que acompanha esta seção.

Usar unidades de pixels dimensionados (sp) para tamanhos de texto

Sempre especifique tamanhos de texto em unidades de sp. Quando o app usa unidades de sp, o Android pode aplicar o tamanho de texto preferencial do usuário e escaloná-lo adequadamente.

Não use unidades de sp para preenchimento ou defina as alturas da visualização presumindo que o padding implícito: com o dimensionamento de fonte não linear, as dimensões de sp podem não ser proporcionais. Portanto, 4sp + 20sp podem não ser iguais a 24sp.

Converter unidades de pixels dimensionados

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() para converter unidades de sp em pixels, e TypedValue.deriveDimension() para converter pixels em sp. Esses métodos aplicam a curva de dimensionamento não linear adequada automaticamente.

Evite equações fixadas no código usando Configuration.fontScale ou DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Como o dimensionamento da fonte não é linear, o campo scaledDensity não é mais preciso. O campo fontScale precisa ser usado apenas para fins informativos porque as fontes não são mais escalonadas com um único valor escalar.

Usar unidades sp para lineHeight

Sempre defina android:lineHeight usando unidades sp em vez de dp, para que a altura da linha seja dimensionada de acordo com o texto. Caso contrário, se o texto for sp, mas a lineHeight estiver em dp ou px, ele não será dimensionado e parecerá apertado. A TextView corrige automaticamente a lineHeight para que as proporções pretendidas sejam preservadas, mas somente se textSize e lineHeight forem definidos em unidades sp.

Câmera e mídia

Ultra HDR para imagens

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, foco, visualização pós-gravação e muito mais nas extensões da câmera

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom no sensor

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Áudio USB sem perdas

Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the AudioMixerAttributes class. This class represents the format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing, volume adjustment, or processing effects.

Produtividade e ferramentas para desenvolvedores

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Conexão Saúde

Health Connect 是用户健康与健身数据的设备端仓库。借助该功能，用户可以在一个位置控制要与这些应用共享哪些数据，并在自己喜爱的应用之间共享数据。

在搭载 Android 14 之前的 Android 版本的设备上，Health Connect 可作为应用从 Google Play 商店下载。从 Android 14 开始，Health Connect 将成为 Android 平台的一部分，并通过 Google Play 系统更新接收更新，而无需单独下载。这样一来，Health Connect 就可以频繁更新，您的应用可以依赖于搭载 Android 14 或更高版本的设备上提供的 Health Connect。用户可以通过设备的“设置”访问 Health Connect，隐私控制功能集成到系统设置中。

用户无需在搭载 Android 14 或更高版本的设备上单独下载应用，即可开始使用 Health Connect。
用户可以通过系统设置控制哪些应用可以访问其健康与健身数据。

Health Connect 在 Android 14 中包含多项新功能，例如锻炼路线，可让用户分享可在地图上直观呈现的锻炼路线。路线定义为在一定时间范围内保存的位置列表，您的应用可以将路线插入锻炼时段，将它们关联起来。为确保用户能够完全控制此类敏感数据，用户必须允许与其他应用共享单个路线。

如需了解详情，请参阅 Health Connect 文档以及有关 Android Health 中的新功能的博文。

Atualizações do OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Melhorias para app stores

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Pacotes de metadados do app

A partir do Android 14, o instalador do pacote do Android permite que você especifique os metadados do app, como práticas de segurança de dados, que serão incluídos em páginas de app stores, como o Google Play.

Detectar quando usuários fazem capturas de tela no dispositivo

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Experiência do usuário

Ações personalizadas e melhoria na classificação do Sharesheet

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Suporte a animações de voltas preditivas integradas e personalizadas

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

Substituições por app do fabricante de dispositivos de tela grande

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Substituições por app para usuários de telas grandes

按应用替换项会更改应用在大屏设备上的行为。例如，无论应用的配置如何，OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE 设备制造商替换项都会将应用宽高比设置为 16:9。

借助 Android 14 QPR1，用户可以在大屏设备上通过新的设置菜单应用按应用替换项。

Compartilhamento de tela de app

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Resposta inteligente com LLM no Gboard no Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Gráficos

Os caminhos podem ser consultados e interpolados

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

KotlinJava
val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator
 
Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

KotlinJava
for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}
 
while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

KotlinJava
val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}
 
Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Malhas personalizadas com sombreadores de vértice e fragmento

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderizador de buffer de hardware para Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.