기능 및 API 개요

Android 15에는 개발자를 위한 훌륭한 새로운 기능과 API가 도입되었습니다. 다음 섹션에는 관련 API를 시작하는 데 도움이 되는 이러한 기능이 요약되어 있습니다.

새로운 API, 수정된 API 및 삭제된 API에 관한 자세한 목록은 API 차이점 보고서를 참고하세요. 새로운 API에 관한 자세한 내용은 Android API 참조를 확인하세요. 새로운 API는 눈에 잘 띄도록 강조 표시됩니다. 또한 플랫폼 변경사항이 앱에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 분야에 관해 알아보려면 Android 15 Android 15를 타겟팅할 때 앱에 영향을 미치는 동작 변경사항 및 targetSdkVersion와 관계없이 모든 앱에 영향을 미치는 동작 변경사항을 검토하세요.

카메라 및 미디어

Android 15에는 카메라 및 미디어 환경을 개선하고 크리에이터가 Android에서 비전을 실현할 수 있도록 지원하는 도구와 하드웨어에 액세스할 수 있는 다양한 기능이 포함되어 있습니다.

저조도 증폭

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

인앱 카메라 제어

Android 15 adds a new extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

• Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

HDR 헤드룸 제어

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间更好地平衡。

음량 조절

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will soon be updated to leverage LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

가상 MIDI 2.0 기기

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

연결

Android 15에서는 앱이 최신 커뮤니케이션 기능에 액세스할 수 있도록 플랫폼을 업데이트합니다.

위성 지원

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

더 원활한 NFC 환경

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can now register a fingerprint on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

월렛 역할

Android 15 引入了一个新的钱包角色，可让您与用户首选的钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色取代了 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以通过导航到设置 > 应用 > 默认应用来管理 Google 钱包角色持有者。

在为付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 触碰时，可使用“钱包”角色。除非已在前台运行为同一 AID 注册的另一个应用，否则点按操作会始终转到钱包角色持有者。

此角色还可用于确定钱包“快速访问”功能块在启用后应转到的位置。当角色设置为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且付款类别 NFC 触碰仅会传送到前台应用。

개발자 생산성 및 도구

생산성을 개선하기 위한 Google의 작업은 대부분 Android 스튜디오, Jetpack Compose, Android Jetpack 라이브러리와 같은 도구를 중심으로 진행되지만, Google은 항상 플랫폼에서 개발자가 비전을 더 쉽게 실현할 수 있는 방법을 찾고 있습니다.

PDF 개선사항

Android 15 Developer Preview 2 includes an early preview of substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer API surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.

자동 언어 전환 상세검색

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

세밀한 줄바꿈 컨트롤

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

OpenJDK 17 업데이트

Android 15에서는 최신 OpenJDK LTS 출시의 기능에 맞게 Android의 핵심 라이브러리를 새로고침하는 작업을 계속합니다.

다음과 같은 주요 기능과 개선사항이 포함됩니다.

• NIO 버퍼 관련 수명 개선
• 스트림
• 추가 math 및 strictmath 메서드
• 시퀀싱된 collection, map, set를 포함한 util 패키지 업데이트
• Deflater에서 ByteBuffer 지원
• 보안 업데이트(예: X500PrivateCredential 및 보안 키 업데이트)

이러한 API는 Google Play 시스템 업데이트를 통해 Android 12 (API 수준 31) 이상을 실행하는 10억 대 이상의 기기에서 업데이트되므로 개발자는 최신 프로그래밍 기능을 타겟팅할 수 있습니다.

자바 및 OpenJDK는 Oracle 및/또는 그 계열사의 상표 또는 등록 상표입니다.

앱 보관처리

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 now includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

접근성

Android 15에는 사용자의 접근성을 개선하는 기능이 추가되었습니다.

향상된 점자

在 Android 15 中，TalkBack 可以支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，有助于 Android 随着时间的推移而支持更广泛的盲文显示屏。

대형 화면 및 폼 팩터

Android 15는 앱에서 대형 화면, 플립블, 폴더블을 비롯한 Android 폼 팩터를 최대한 활용할 수 있도록 지원합니다.

커버 화면 지원

Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to allow your Application or Activity to be presented on the small cover screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.

성능 및 배터리

Android는 개발자가 앱의 성능과 품질을 개선하는 데 도움을 주기 위해 끊임없이 노력하고 있습니다. Android 15에서는 앱의 작업을 더 효율적으로 실행하고 앱 성능을 최적화하며 앱에 관한 유용한 정보를 수집하는 데 도움이 되는 새로운 API를 도입합니다.

ApplicationStartInfo API

在以前的 Android 版本中，应用启动有点神秘。在应用中确定应用是从冷状态、温状态还是热状态开始的过程很难确定。此外，我们也很难知道您的应用在不同发布阶段所用的时间：创建进程分支、调用 onCreate、绘制第一帧等。在实例化 Application 类时，您无法得知应用是从广播、content provider、作业、备份、启动完成、闹钟还是 Activity 启动的。

Android 15 上的 ApplicationStartInfo API 可提供所有这些功能以及更多其他功能。您甚至可以选择将自己的时间戳添加到流程中，以便在一个位置收集时间数据。除了收集指标之外，您还可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接优化应用启动；例如，当应用因广播而启动时，您可以避免在 Application 类中实例化界面相关库的高成本。

자세한 앱 크기 정보

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

앱 관리 프로파일링

Android 15 includes the all-new ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app. We're planning to wrap this with an Android Jetpack API that will simplify construction of profiling requests, but the core API will allow the collection of heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

SQLite 데이터베이스 개선

Android 15 introduces new SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: new APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 동적 성능 프레임워크 업데이트

Android 15에서는 Android 동적 성능 프레임워크 (ADPF)에 대한 투자를 계속하고 있습니다. ADPF는 게임 및 성능이 집약적인 앱이 Android 기기의 전력 및 열 시스템과 더 직접적으로 상호작용할 수 있도록 지원하는 API 집합입니다. 지원되는 기기에서 Android 15는 새로운 ADPF 기능을 추가합니다.

• 관련 스레드가 성능보다 절전을 선호함을 나타내기 위한 힌트 세션의 전력 효율 모드로 장기 실행되는 백그라운드 워크로드에 적합합니다.
• GPU 및 CPU 작업 기간은 둘 다 힌트 세션에 보고할 수 있으므로 시스템이 CPU 및 GPU 주파수를 함께 조정하여 워크로드 수요를 가장 잘 충족할 수 있습니다.
• 열 헤드룸 기준점: 헤드룸 예측을 기반으로 가능한 열 제한 상태를 해석합니다.

앱과 게임에서 ADPF를 사용하는 방법을 자세히 알아보려면 문서로 이동하세요.

개인 정보 보호

Android 15에는 앱 개발자가 사용자 개인 정보를 보호하는 데 도움이 되는 다양한 기능이 포함되어 있습니다.

화면 녹화 감지

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

확장된 IntentFilter 기능

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the new <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the new android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Android의 개인 정보 보호 샌드박스

Android 15 将 Android 广告服务提升到扩展级别 10，在其中融入了最新版本的 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新技术来加强用户隐私保护，并为移动应用提供有效的个性化广告体验。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

헬스 커넥트

Android 15 围绕 Health Connect by Android 集成了 Android 14 扩展程序 10。Health Connect by Android 是一个安全的集中式平台，用于管理和共享应用收集的健康与健身数据。此更新增加了对健身、营养等领域的新数据类型的支持。

부분 화면 공유

Android 15 支持局部屏幕共享，因此用户可以仅分享或录制应用窗口，而不是整个设备屏幕。此功能在 Android 14 QPR2 中首次启用，包含 MediaProjection 回调，可让您的应用自定义局部屏幕共享体验。请注意，对于以 Android 14（API 级别 34）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，现在需要针对每个 MediaProjection 捕获会话征得用户同意。

보안

Android 15를 사용하면 앱의 보안을 강화하고 앱 데이터를 보호할 수 있습니다.

엔드 투 엔드 암호화를 위한 키 관리

我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager，它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。

fs-verity를 사용하여 파일 보호

Android 15's FileIntegrityManager includes new APIs that tap into the power of the fs-verity feature in the Linux kernel. With fs-verity, files can be protected by custom cryptographic signatures, helping you ensure they haven't been tampered with or corrupted. This leads to enhanced security, protecting against potential malware or unauthorized file modifications that could compromise your app's functionality or data.

사용자 환경

Android 15에서는 앱 개발자와 사용자가 필요에 따라 기기를 구성할 수 있도록 더 많은 제어와 유연성을 제공합니다.

방해 금지 모드 규칙 개선

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

다국어 지원

Android 15에는 기기가 여러 언어로 사용될 때 사용자 환경을 보완하는 기능이 추가되었습니다.

문자 간 근거

Android 15부터 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER를 사용하여 문자 간격을 사용하여 텍스트를 맞춤화할 수 있습니다. 단어 간 양쪽 맞춤은 Android 8.0 (API 수준 26)에서 처음 도입되었으며, 문자 간 양쪽 맞춤은 중국어, 일본어 등 세분화에 공백을 사용하는 언어에 유사한 기능을 제공합니다.

JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE를 사용한 일본어 텍스트의 레이아웃

JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE를 사용하는 영어 텍스트의 레이아웃

JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD를 사용한 일본어 텍스트의 레이아웃

JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD를 사용하는 영어 텍스트의 레이아웃

새 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER를 사용한 일본어 텍스트의 레이아웃

새 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER를 사용하는 영어 텍스트의 레이아웃