功能和 API

Android 16 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需详细了解新增、修改和移除的 API，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。

您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

核心功能

Android 包含可扩展 Android 系统核心功能的新 API。

2025 年发布两个 Android API

  • 此预览版适用于 Android 的下一个主要版本，计划于 2025 年第 2 季度发布。此版本与我们过去的所有 API 版本类似，我们可以进行计划性的行为更改，这些更改通常与 targetSdkVersion 相关联。
  • 我们计划提前一个季度（2021 年第 2 季度，而非之前的第 3 季度）发布主要版本，以便更好地与整个生态系统中的设备发布时间表保持一致，让更多设备能够更早地搭载 Android 主要版本。由于主要版本将于第 2 季度发布，因此您需要比往年提前几个月进行年度兼容性测试，以确保您的应用已做好准备。
  • 我们计划在 2025 年第 4 季度再发布一次，届时还将推出新的开发者 API。2025 年只有第二季度的主要版本包含可能影响应用的计划行为变更。

除了新的开发者 API 之外，第 4 季度次要版本还将包含功能更新、优化和 bug 修复；其中不会包含任何会影响应用的行为变更。

2025 年 Android 版本的时间轴视图，请注意，25Q2 版本是一个主要版本，25Q4 版本是一个次要版本。

我们将继续每季度发布 Android 版本。在 API 版本之间，第 1 季度和第 3 季度的更新将提供增量更新，以帮助确保持续提供高质量的服务。我们正积极与设备合作伙伴合作，将 Q2 版本推广到尽可能多的设备。

在主要版本和次要版本中使用新 API

目前，使用 SDK_INT 常量与 VERSION_CODES 结合使用，即可通过检查 API 级别来保护代码块。我们将继续支持主要 Android 版本。

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

新的 SDK_INT_FULL 常量可用于针对主要版本和次要版本进行 API 检查，并使用新的 VERSION_CODES_FULL 枚举。

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

您还可以使用 Build.getMinorSdkVersion() 方法仅获取 SDK 次要版本。

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

这些 API 尚未最终确定，可能会发生变化，因此如果您有任何疑虑，请向我们发送反馈。

用户体验和系统界面

Android 16 让应用开发者和用户可以更好地控制和灵活地配置设备，以满足他们的需求。

以进度为中心的通知

Android 16 introduces progress-centric notifications to help users seamlessly track user-initiated, start-to-end journeys.

Notification.ProgressStyle is a new notification style that lets you create progress-centric notifications. Key use cases include rideshare, delivery, and navigation. Within the Notification.ProgressStyle class, you can denote states and milestones in a user journey using points and segments.

如需了解详情，请参阅以进度为中心的通知文档页面。

锁屏上显示的以进度为中心的通知。
在通知栏中显示的以进度为中心的通知。

预测性返回更新

Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation flow.

Android 16 additionally adds the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back gesture is invoked.

更丰富的触感反馈

自诞生之日起，Android 就提供了对触感反馈致动器的控制。

Android 11 添加了对更复杂的触感反馈效果的支持，更高级的致动器可以通过设备定义的语义基元 VibrationEffect.Compositions 支持这些效果。

Android 16 添加了触感反馈 API，让应用能够定义触感反馈效果的振幅和频率曲线，同时抽象出设备功能之间的差异。

性能和电池

Android 16 引入了一些 API，可帮助您收集有关应用的数据分析。

系统触发的性能分析

ProfilingManager 在 Android 15 中添加，让应用能够在现场使用 Perfetto 请求收集性能数据。不过，由于此性能分析必须从应用启动，因此应用很难或根本无法捕获启动或 ANR 等关键流程。

为此，Android 16 向 ProfilingManager 引入了系统触发的性能分析。应用可以注册接收特定触发器（例如冷启动 reportFullyDrawn 或 ANR）轨迹的兴趣，然后系统会代表应用启动和停止轨迹。轨迹完成后，结果会传送到应用的数据目录。

在 ApplicationStartInfo 中启动组件

ApplicationStartInfo was added in Android 15, allowing an app to see reasons for process start, start type, start times, throttling, and other useful diagnostic data. Android 16 adds getStartComponent() to distinguish what component type triggered the start, which can be helpful for optimizing the startup flow of your app.

更好的作业自省

The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.

In Android 16, we are introducing a new API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.

We're also introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list of the most recent constraint changes.

We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.

This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.

自适应刷新率

Android 15 中引入的自适应刷新率 (ARR) 可让受支持硬件上的显示屏刷新率使用离散的 VSync 步长来适应内容帧速率。这不仅降低了功耗，还无需进行可能导致卡顿的模式切换。

Android 16 引入了 hasArrSupport() 和 getSuggestedFrameRate(int)，同时恢复了 getSupportedRefreshRates()，以便您的应用更轻松地利用 ARR。RecyclerView 1.4 在从快速滑动或平滑滚动中稳定下来时会在内部支持 ARR，我们将继续努力，将 ARR 支持添加到更多 Jetpack 库中。这篇帧速率文章介绍了许多可用于设置帧速率的 API，以便您的应用可以直接使用 ARR。

无障碍

Android 16 添加了新的无障碍功能 API，可帮助您面向每位用户提供应用。

补充说明

如果无障碍服务提供关于 ViewGroup 的说明，则会将来自其子视图的内容标签合并在一起。如果您为 ViewGroup 提供 contentDescription，无障碍服务会假定您还要替换不可聚焦的子视图的说明。如果您想为下拉菜单等内容添加标签（例如“字体系列”），同时保留当前的选择（例如“Roboto”）以便于无障碍使用，这可能会造成问题。Android 16 添加了 setSupplementalDescription，以便您提供用于提供 ViewGroup 相关信息的文本，而不会覆盖其子项中的信息。

必填表单字段

Android 16 adds setFieldRequired to AccessibilityNodeInfo so apps can tell an accessibility service that input to a form field is required. This is an important scenario for users filling out many types of forms, even things as simple as a required terms and conditions checkbox, helping users to consistently identify and quickly navigate between required fields.

使用 LEA 助听器进行语音通话时，将手机用作麦克风输入

Android 16 新增了一项功能，让 LE Audio 助听器用户能够在助听器的内置麦克风和手机上的麦克风之间切换，以进行语音通话。在嘈杂的环境或助听器麦克风可能无法正常工作的其他情况下，这会很有帮助。

LEA 助听器的环境音量控制

Android 16 新增了一项功能，可让 LE Audio 助听器用户调节助听器麦克风接收的环境声音的音量。在背景噪音过大或过小的情况下，这可能会很有用。

相机

Android 16 包含可改进相机体验的功能。

相机夜间模式取景检测

To help your app know when to switch to and from a night mode camera session, Android 16 adds EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR. If supported, it's available in the CaptureResult within Camera2.

This is the API we briefly mentioned as coming soon in the How Instagram enabled users to take stunning low light photos blog post. That post is a practical guide on how to implement night mode together with a case study that links higher-quality in-app night mode photos with an increase in the number of photos shared from the in-app camera.

连接

Android 16 更新了平台，让您的应用可以使用通信和无线技术的最新进展。

增强型安全范围测算

Android 16 在搭载 Wi-Fi 6 的 802.11az 的受支持设备上为 Wi-Fi 位置信息添加了对强大的安全功能的支持，让应用能够将该协议的更高精确性、更高可伸缩性和动态调度与安全增强功能（包括基于 AES-256 的加密和防范中间人攻击）相结合。这样，在近距离使用情形（例如解锁笔记本电脑或车门）时，便可更安全地使用该功能。802.11az 与 Wi-Fi 6 标准集成，可利用其基础架构和功能实现更广泛的采用和更轻松的部署。

通用测距 API

Android 16 includes the new RangingManager, which provides ways to determine the distance and angle on supported hardware between the local device and a remote device. RangingManager supports the usage of a variety of ranging technologies such as BLE channel sounding, BLE RSSI-based ranging, Ultra Wideband, and Wi-Fi round trip time.

媒体

Android 16 包含多种可改善媒体体验的功能。

改进了照片选择器

The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.

Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:

  • Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
  • Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.

高级专业视频

Android 16 introduces support for the Advanced Professional Video (APV) codec which is designed to be used for professional level high quality video recording and post production.

The APV codec standard has the following features:

  • Perceptually lossless video quality (close to raw video quality)
  • Low complexity and high throughput intra-frame-only coding (without pixel domain prediction) to better support editing workflows
  • Support for high bit-rate range up to a few Gbps for 2K, 4K and 8K resolution content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme
  • Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel encoding and decoding
  • Support for various chroma sampling formats and bit-depths
  • Support for multiple decoding and re-encoding without severe visual quality degradation
  • Support multi-view video and auxiliary video like depth, alpha, and preview
  • Support for HDR10/10+ and user-defined metadata

A reference implementation of APV is provided through the OpenAPV project. Android 16 will implement support for the APV 422-10 Profile that provides YUV 422 color sampling along with 10-bit encoding and for target bitrates of up to 2Gbps.

隐私设置

Android 16 包含多种功能，可帮助应用开发者保护用户隐私。

健康数据共享更新

Health Connect in the developer preview adds ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a new data type defined according to World Health Organization guidelines around moderate and vigorous activity. Each record requires the start time, the end time and whether the activity intensity is moderate or vigorous.

Health Connect also contains updated APIs supporting health records. This allows apps to read and write medical records in FHIR format with explicit user consent. This API is in an early access program. If you'd like to participate, sign up to be part of our early access program.

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 16 中集成了最新版本的 Privacy Sandbox on Android，这是我们持续致力于开发可让用户放心地知道其隐私受到保护的技术的一部分。您可以访问我们的网站，详细了解 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者 Beta 版计划，以便顺利上手。不妨了解 SDK 运行时，它可让 SDK 在与其所服务的应用分离的专用运行时环境中运行，从而为用户数据收集和共享提供更强的保护措施。

国际化

Android 16 添加了一些功能，可在用户使用不同语言使用设备时提升用户体验。

垂直文本

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}