使用 ViewPager 创建包含标签页的滑动视图

滑动视图允许您使用水平手指手势（即滑动）在同级子屏幕（例如标签页）之间进行导航。此导航模式也称为“水平分页”。本主题介绍了如何创建具有滑动视图（以便在标签页之间切换）的标签页布局，以及如何显示标题条而不是标签页。

实现滑动视图

您可以使用 AndroidX 的 ViewPager widget 创建滑动视图。若要使用 ViewPager 和标签页，您需要在项目中为 ViewPager 和 Material 组件添加依赖项。

如需使用 ViewPager 设置布局，请将 <ViewPager> 元素添加到 XML 布局中。例如，如果滑动视图中的每个页面都会使用整个布局，该布局将如下所示：

<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

若要插入代表各个页面的子视图，您需要将此布局挂接到 PagerAdapter。有以下两种内置适配器可供选择：

  • FragmentPagerAdapter：适用于在固定数量的少量同级子界面之间进行导航。
  • FragmentStatePagerAdapter：适用于对未知数量的页面进行分页。FragmentStatePagerAdapter 会在用户导航至其他位置时销毁 fragment，从而优化内存使用情况。

以下示例展示了如何使用 FragmentStatePagerAdapter 在一系列 Fragment 对象之间滑动：

Kotlin

class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() {
    // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment
    // representing an object in the collection.
    private lateinit var demoCollectionPagerAdapter: DemoCollectionPagerAdapter
    private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager

    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false)
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        demoCollectionPagerAdapter = DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(childFragmentManager)
        viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager)
        viewPager.adapter = demoCollectionPagerAdapter
    }
}

// Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter,
// NOT a FragmentPagerAdapter.
class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) {

    override fun getCount(): Int  = 100

    override fun getItem(i: Int): Fragment {
        val fragment = DemoObjectFragment()
        fragment.arguments = Bundle().apply {
            // Our object is just an integer :-P
            putInt(ARG_OBJECT, i + 1)
        }
        return fragment
    }

    override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence {
        return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}"
    }
}

private const val ARG_OBJECT = "object"

// Instances of this class are fragments representing a single
// object in the collection.
class DemoObjectFragment : Fragment() {

   override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater,
           container: ViewGroup?,
           savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false)
   }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        arguments?.takeIf { it.containsKey(ARG_OBJECT) }?.apply {
            val textView: TextView = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)
            textView.text = getInt(ARG_OBJECT).toString()
        }
    }
}

Java

public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment {
    // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment
    // representing an object in the collection.
    DemoCollectionPagerAdapter demoCollectionPagerAdapter;
    ViewPager viewPager;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
            @Nullable ViewGroup container,
            @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        demoCollectionPagerAdapter = new DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(getChildFragmentManager());
        viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager);
        viewPager.setAdapter(demoCollectionPagerAdapter);
   }
}

// Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter,
// NOT a FragmentPagerAdapter.
public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    public DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int i) {
        Fragment fragment = new DemoObjectFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        // Our object is just an integer :-P
        args.putInt(DemoObjectFragment.ARG_OBJECT, i + 1);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 100;
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return "OBJECT " + (position + 1);
    }
}

// Instances of this class are fragments representing a single
// object in the collection.
public class DemoObjectFragment extends Fragment {
    public static final String ARG_OBJECT = "object";

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
            ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Bundle args = getArguments();
        ((TextView) view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1))
                .setText(Integer.toString(args.getInt(ARG_OBJECT)));
    }
}

下面几部分将介绍如何添加标签页，以帮助简化页面之间的导航。

使用 TabLayout 添加标签页

TabLayout 提供了一种横向显示标签页的方式。当与 ViewPager 结合使用时，TabLayout 会提供一种熟悉的界面，让用户在滑动视图中浏览各个页面。

图 1. 具有四个标签页的 TabLayout。

如需在 ViewPager 中包含 TabLayout，请在 <ViewPager> 元素内添加 <TabLayout> 元素，如下所示：

<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
        android:id="@+id/tab_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager>

接下来，使用 setupWithViewPager() 将 TabLayout 与 ViewPager 相关联。TabLayout 中的各个标签页会自动填充 PagerAdapter 中的页面标题：

Kotlin

class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() {
    ...
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        val tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout)
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager)
    }
    ...
}

class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) {

    override fun getCount(): Int  = 4

    override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence {
        return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}"
    }
    ...
}

Java

public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment {
    ...
    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        TabLayout tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout);
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager);
    }
    ...
}

public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    ...
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 4;
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return "OBJECT " + (position + 1);
    }

    ...
}

如需了解标签页布局的其他设计准则，请参阅适用于标签页的 Material Design 文档。