用户可以在收到请求时以及在设置中拒绝单个权限请求，但是当功能因此而中断时，他们可能仍会感到惊讶。最好监控有多少用户拒绝权限请求（例如使用 Google Analytics [分析] 进行监控），以便通过重构应用避免依赖该权限，或更好地解释应用需要此权限才能正常运行的原因。您还应确保应用可以处理当用户拒绝权限请求或在设置中停用权限时产生的异常。
[null,null,["最后更新时间 (UTC)：2025-08-21。"],[],[],null,["# App permissions best practices\n\nPermission requests protect sensitive information available from a device and\nshould only be used when access to information is necessary for the\nfunctioning of your app. This document provides tips on ways you might be\nable to achieve the same (or better) functionality without requiring access\nto such information; it is not an exhaustive discussion of how permissions\nwork in the Android operating system.\n\n\nFor a more general look at Android permissions, please see [Permissions overview](/guide/topics/permissions/requesting). For details on how to work with permissions in your code,\nsee [Requesting app permissions](/training/permissions/requesting).\n\nPermissions in Android 6.0+\n---------------------------\n\n\nIn Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher, apps can request permissions from\nthe user at runtime, rather than prior to installation. This allows apps to\nrequest permissions when the app actually requires the services or data\nprotected by the services. While this doesn't (necessarily) change overall app\nbehavior, it does create a few changes relevant to the way sensitive user data\nis handled:\n\n### Increased situational context\n\nUsers are prompted at runtime, in the context of your app, for permission to\naccess the functionality covered by those permission groups. Users are more\nsensitive to the context in which the permission is requested, and if there's a mismatch\nbetween what you are requesting and the purpose of your app, it's even\nmore important to provide detailed explanation to the user as to why you're\nrequesting the permission. Whenever possible, you should provide an\nexplanation of your request both at the time of the request and in a\nfollow-up dialog if the user denies the request.\n\nTo increase the likelihood of a permission request being accepted, only prompt\nwhen a specific feature is required. For instance, only prompt for microphone\naccess when a user clicks on the microphone button. Users are more likely to\nallow a permission that they are expecting.\n| **Note:** Don't overburden the user by requesting every permission at app startup. Be courteous of the user and only request permissions when they need access to a specific feature.\n\n### Greater flexibility in granting permissions\n\nUsers can deny access to individual permissions at the time they're requested\n*and* in settings, but they may still be surprised when functionality is\nbroken as a result. It's a good idea to monitor how many users are denying\npermissions (e.g. using Google Analytics) so that you can either refactor\nyour app to avoid depending on that permission or provide a better\nexplanation of why you need the permission for your app to work properly. You\nshould also make sure that your app handles exceptions when users\ndeny permission requests or toggle off permissions in settings.\n\n### Increased transactional burden\n\nUsers are asked to grant access for permission groups individually and not as a set. This\nmakes it extremely important to minimize the number of permissions you're\nrequesting. This increases the user-burden for granting permissions and therefore\nincreases the probability that at least one of the requests will be denied.\n\nPermissions that require becoming a default handler\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nSome apps depend on access to sensitive user information related to call logs\nand SMS messages. If you want to request the permissions specific to call logs\nand SMS messages and publish your app to the Play Store, you must prompt the\nuser to set your app as the *default handler* for a core system function before\nrequesting these runtime permissions.\n\nFor more information on default handlers, including guidance on showing a\ndefault handler prompt to users, [see the guide on permissions used only in\ndefault handlers](/guide/topics/permissions/default-handlers).\n\n[](/training/permissions/know_the_libraries_you're_working_with)\n\nKnow the libraries you're working with\n--------------------------------------\n\n\nSometimes permissions are required by the libraries you use in your app. For\nexample, ads and analytics libraries may require access to the\n`LOCATION` permissions group to implement the required\nfunctionality. But from the user's point of view, the permission request comes\nfrom your app, not the library.\n\n\nJust as users select apps that use fewer permissions for the same\nfunctionality, developers should review their libraries and select\nthird-party SDKs that aren't using unnecessary permissions. For example, if\nyou're using a library that provides location functionality, make sure you\naren't requesting the `FINE_LOCATION` permission unless you're\nusing location-based targeting functionality.\n\nLimit background access to location\n-----------------------------------\n\nWhen your app is running in the background, [access to\nlocation](/training/location/background) should be critical to the app's core\nfunctionality and show a clear benefit to users.\n\nTest for both permissions models\n--------------------------------\n\n\nIn Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher, users grant and revoke app\npermissions at run time, instead of doing so when they install the app. As a\nresult, you'll have to test your app under a wider range of conditions. Prior\nto Android 6.0, you could reasonably assume that if your app is running at\nall, it has all the permissions it declares in the app manifest. Now, the user\ncan turn permissions on or off for *any* app, regardless of API level.\nYou should test to ensure your app functions correctly across various\npermission scenarios.\n\n\nThe following tips will help you find permissions-related code problems\non devices running API level 23 or higher:\n\n- Identify your app's current permissions and the related code paths.\n- Test user flows across permission-protected services and data.\n- Test with various combinations of granted or revoked permissions. For example, a camera app might list [CAMERA](/reference/android/Manifest.permission#CAMERA), [READ_CONTACTS](/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_CONTACTS), and [ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION](/reference/android/Manifest.permission#ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) in its manifest. You should test the app with each of these permissions turned on and off, to make sure the app can handle all permission configurations gracefully.\n- Use the [adb](/tools/help/adb) tool to manage permissions from the command line:\n - List permissions and status by group: \n\n ```\n $ adb shell pm list permissions -d -g\n ```\n - Grant or revoke one or more permissions: \n\n ```\n $ adb shell pm [grant|revoke] \u003cpermission-name\u003e ...\n ```\n- Analyze your app for services that use permissions.\n\nAdditional resources\n--------------------\n\n- [Material Design guidelines for Android permissions](https://material.io/design/platform-guidance/android-permissions.html#usage)\n- [Android Marshmallow 6.0: Asking For Permission](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZqDdvhTZj0): This video explains the Android runtime permission model and the right way to ask users for permissions.\n- [Explain why the app needs permissions](/training/permissions/requesting#explain)\n- [Best practices for unique identifiers](/training/articles/user-data-ids)"]]
