Ön plan hizmeti türleri

Android 14'ten (API düzeyi 34) itibaren her ön plan hizmeti için uygun bir hizmet türü belirtmeniz gerekir. Bu nedenle, uygulama manifest dosyanızda hizmet türünü belirtmeniz ve FOREGROUND_SERVICE iznini istemenin yanı sıra bu tür için uygun ön plan hizmet iznini de istemeniz gerekir. Ayrıca, ön plan hizmet türüne bağlı olarak hizmeti başlatmadan önce çalışma zamanı izinleri istemeniz gerekebilir.

Kamera

要在 android:foregroundServiceType 下于清单中声明的前台服务类型
camera
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
运行时前提条件

请求并获得 CAMERA 运行时权限

说明

继续在后台访问相机，例如支持多任务的视频聊天应用。

Bağlı cihaz

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Veri senkronizasyonu

Manifest dosyasında aşağıdaki altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmet türü
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
startForeground() işlevine iletilen sabit değer
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları
Yok
Açıklama

Aşağıdakiler gibi veri aktarma işlemleri:

  • Veri yükleme veya indirme
  • Yedekleme ve geri yükleme işlemleri
  • İçe veya dışa aktarma işlemleri
  • Veri getirme
  • Yerel dosya işleme
  • Ağ üzerinden bir cihaz ile bulut arasında veri aktarma
Alternatifler

Ayrıntılı bilgi için Veri senkronizasyonu ön plan hizmetlerine alternatifler başlıklı makaleyi inceleyin.

Sağlık

Manifest dosyasında aşağıdaki altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmet türü
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
startForeground() işlevine iletilecek sabit değer
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Aşağıdaki koşullardan en az biri doğru olmalıdır:

Açıklama

Fitness kategorisindeki uygulamaları (ör. egzersiz takipçileri) desteklemek için uzun süredir kullanılan tüm kullanım alanları.

Konum

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

Medya

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.

Alternatives

If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

Medya işleniyor

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

Medya projeksiyonu

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Mikrofon

Manifest dosyasında aşağıdaki altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmet türü
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
startForeground() işlevine iletilen sabit değer
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

RECORD_AUDIO çalışma zamanı iznini isteyip alın.

Açıklama

Ses kaydediciler veya iletişim uygulamaları gibi mikrofon kayıtlarına arka planda devam edin.

Sesli arama

要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
运行时前提条件

必须至少满足以下其中一个条件：

  • 应用是通过 ROLE_DIALER 角色的默认拨号器应用。
说明

使用 ConnectionService API 继续当前通话。

替代方案

如果您需要拨打电话、视频通话或 VoIP 通话，不妨考虑使用 android.telecom 库。

考虑使用 CallScreeningService 来过滤来电。

Uzaktan mesajlaşma

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Kısa servis

要在其清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
在清单中声明的权限
无
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
运行时前提条件
无
说明

快速完成不可中断或推迟的关键工作。

这种类型有一些独特的特征：

  • 只能持续运行一小段时间（大约 3 分钟）。
  • 不支持粘性前台服务。
  • 无法启动其他前台服务。
  • 不需要类型专用权限，不过它仍需要 FOREGROUND_SERVICE 权限。
  • 只有当应用当前有资格启动新的前台服务时，shortService 才能更改为另一种服务类型。
  • 前台服务可以随时将其类型更改为 shortService，届时超时期限将开始。

shortService 的超时时间从调用 Service.startForeground() 开始算起。应用应在发生超时之前调用 Service.stopSelf() 或 Service.stopForeground()。否则，系统会调用新的 Service.onTimeout()，让应用有机会调用 stopSelf() 或 stopForeground() 来停止其服务。

调用 Service.onTimeout() 后的短时间内，应用会进入缓存状态，并且不再被视为处于前台，除非用户正在主动与应用互动。应用缓存一小段时间后，服务还未停止，该应用会收到 ANR 消息。ANR 消息提及 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE。出于这些原因，实现 Service.onTimeout() 回调被视为一种最佳实践。

Android 13 及更低版本中不存在 Service.onTimeout() 回调。如果同一服务在此类设备上运行，则不会出现超时，也不会发生 ANR。确保您的服务在完成处理任务后立即停止，即使它尚未收到 Service.onTimeout() 回调也是如此。

请务必注意，如果未遵循 shortService 的超时设置，即使应用还有其他有效的前台服务或其他应用生命周期进程，应用也会遇到 ANR。

如果应用对用户可见，或满足允许从后台启动前台服务的某一豁免条件，则使用 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE 参数再次调用 Service.StartForeground() 会将超时时间再延长 3 分钟。如果应用对用户不可见且不满足其中一个豁免条件，则尝试启动其他前台服务（无论其类型如何）都会导致 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException。

即使用户为您的应用停用电池优化功能，仍然会受到 shortService FGS 的影响。

如果您启动包含 shortService 类型和另一个前台服务类型的前台服务，系统会忽略 shortService 类型声明。不过，该服务仍必须遵守其他声明类型的前提条件。如需了解详情，请参阅前台服务文档。

Özel kullanım

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistem muaf

要在其清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
运行时前提条件
无
说明

为系统应用和特定系统集成预留，以便继续使用前台服务。

如需使用此类型，应用必须至少满足以下条件之一：

Ön plan hizmet türlerinin kullanımıyla ilgili Google Play politika yaptırımı

如果您的应用以 Android 14 或更高版本为目标平台，您需要在 Play 管理中心的“应用内容”页面（政策 > 应用内容）中声明应用的前台服务类型。如需详细了解如何在 Play 管理中心内声明前台服务类型，请参阅了解前台服务和全屏 intent 要求。