Ringkasan Fitur dan API

Android 15 memperkenalkan fitur dan API yang hebat untuk developer. Bagian berikut merangkum fitur-fitur ini untuk membantu Anda memulai API terkait.

Untuk melihat daftar mendetail tentang API yang ditambahkan, diubah, dan dihapus, baca laporan perbedaan API. Untuk mengetahui detail tentang API yang ditambahkan, buka referensi API Android — untuk Android 15, cari API yang ditambahkan di API level 35. Untuk mempelajari area tempat perubahan platform dapat memengaruhi aplikasi Anda, pastikan untuk memeriksa perubahan perilaku Android 15 untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 dan untuk semua aplikasi.

Kamera dan media

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang meningkatkan pengalaman kamera dan media serta memberi Anda akses ke alat dan hardware untuk mendukung kreator dalam mewujudkan visi mereka di Android.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang fitur terbaru dan solusi developer untuk media dan kamera Android, lihat presentasi Membuat pengalaman media dan kamera Android modern dari Google I/O.

Peningkatan Cahaya Redup

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

  • Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
  • Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

Kontrol kamera dalam aplikasi

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

  • Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

Kontrol headroom HDR

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

Kontrol volume

Android 15 引入了对 CTA-2075 响度标准的支持,可帮助您避免音频响度不一致,并确保用户在切换内容时不必不断调整音量。系统利用输出设备(头戴式耳机和扬声器)的已知特性以及 AAC 音频内容中提供的响度元数据,智能调整音频响度和动态范围压缩级别。

如需启用此功能,您需要确保 AAC 内容中提供响度元数据,并在应用中启用平台功能。为此,您可以通过使用关联的 AudioTrack 中的音频会话 ID 调用其 create 工厂方法来实例化 LoudnessCodecController 对象;这会自动开始应用音频更新。您可以传递 OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener 来修改或过滤响度参数,然后再将其应用于 MediaCodec

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = 
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer 也将更新,以使用 LoudnessCodecController API,可实现无缝应用集成。

Perangkat MIDI 2.0 virtual

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持,这些设备使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 将 UMP 支持扩展到了虚拟 MIDI 应用,使作曲应用能够像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样,将虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备用作控制合成器应用的设备。

Decoding software AV1 yang lebih efisien

dav1d 徽标

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的热门 AV1 软件解码器,适用于不支持硬件 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。与旧版 AV1 软件解码器相比,dav1d 的性能最高可提升 3 倍,让更多用户(包括一些低端和中端设备)能够播放高清 AV1 视频。

您的应用需要选择启用 dav1d,方法是通过名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 调用它。在后续更新中,dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。此支持已标准化,并向后移植到收到 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

Alat dan produktivitas developer

Meskipun sebagian besar upaya kami untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Anda berfokus pada alat seperti Android Studio, Jetpack Compose, dan library Android Jetpack, kami selalu mencari cara di platform untuk membantu Anda lebih mudah mewujudkan visi Anda.

Update OpenJDK 17

Android 15 将继续更新 Android 的核心库,以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进:

这些 API 会通过 Google Play 系统更新在搭载 Android 12(API 级别 31)及更高版本的 10 亿多部设备上更新,以便您以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

Peningkatan PDF

Android 15 menyertakan peningkatan substansial pada PdfRenderer Google Cloud Platform. Aplikasi dapat menggabungkan fitur lanjutan seperti rendering file yang dilindungi sandi, anotasi, pengeditan formulir, penelusuran, dan pemilihan dengan salinan. PDF yang dilinierkan pengoptimalan didukung untuk mempercepat penayangan PDF lokal dan mengurangi penggunaan resource. Library Jetpack PDF menggunakan API ini untuk menyederhanakan penambahan PDF menampilkan aplikasi Anda.

Pembaruan terbaru pada rendering PDF mencakup fitur seperti menelusuri file PDF yang disematkan.

PdfRenderer telah dipindahkan ke modul yang dapat diupdate menggunakan update sistem Google Play, terlepas dari rilis platform, dan kami mendukung perubahan ini kembali ke Android 11 (API level 30) dengan membuat platform API versi pra-Android 15 yang kompatibel, yang disebut PdfRendererPreV.

Pengoptimalan pengalihan bahasa otomatis

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

OpenType Variable Font API yang ditingkatkan

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。现在,您可以 基于可变字体创建 FontFamily 实例,而不指定 使用 buildVariableFamily API 绘制权重轴。文本渲染程序替换项 wght 轴的值,以与显示的文本匹配。

使用新的 API,这可以简化用于创建 Typeface 的代码 大量:

KotlinJava
val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
           
FontFamily.Builder(
               
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                   
.buildVariableFamily())
   
.build()
Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
           
new FontFamily.Builder(
               
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                   
.buildVariableFamily())
   
.build();

以前,如需创建相同的 Typeface,您需要更多代码:

KotlinJava
val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
           
FontFamily.Builder(
               
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                   
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                   
.setWeight(400)
                   
.build())
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                       
.setWeight(100)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                       
.setWeight(200)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                       
.setWeight(300)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                       
.setWeight(500)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                       
.setWeight(600)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                       
.setWeight(700)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                       
.setWeight(800)
                       
.build()
               
)
               
.addFont(
                   
Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                       
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                       
.setWeight(900)
                       
.build()
               
).build()
       
).build()
Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
   
new FontFamily.Builder(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
           
.setWeight(400)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
           
.setWeight(100)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
           
.setWeight(200)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
           
.setWeight(300)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
           
.setWeight(500)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
           
.setWeight(600)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
           
.setWeight(700)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
           
.setWeight(800)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.addFont(
       
new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
           
.setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
           
.setWeight(900)
           
.build()
   
)
   
.build()
).build();

以下示例展示了如何同时使用新旧 API 创建 Typeface 呈现:

示例:使用新旧版本时字体渲染有何不同
API

在此示例中,使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 不包含 为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细 Font 实例,因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在 在此示例中,系统会渲染 300 而不是 350,渲染 400 而不是 450, 依此类推。相比之下,使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会动态创建 给定权重的 Font 实例,因此系统会渲染 350 的准确权重, 450、550 和 650。

Kontrol pemisah baris terperinci

从 Android 15 开始,TextView 和底层行断开符可以将给定部分文本保留在同一行中,以提高可读性。您可以通过在字符串资源或 createNoBreakSpan 中使用 <nobreak> 标记来充分利用此换行符自定义功能。同样,您可以使用 <nohyphen> 标记或 createNoHyphenationSpan 来防止对字词进行分词。

例如,以下字符串资源不包含换行符,在呈现时,文本“Pixel 8 Pro”会在不合适的位置换行:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

相比之下,此字符串资源包含 <nobreak> 标记,该标记会将字词“Pixel 8 Pro”换行,并防止换行:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

以下图片展示了这些字符串呈现方式的差异:

一行文本的布局,其中显示短语“Pixel 8 Pro.”未使用 <nobreak> 标记换行。
使用 <nobreak> 标记封装“Pixel 8 Pro.”短语的同一行文本的布局。

Pengarsipan aplikasi

Android dan Google Play mengumumkan dukungan untuk pengarsipan aplikasi tahun lalu, yang memungkinkan pengguna mengosongkan ruang dengan menghapus sebagian aplikasi yang jarang digunakan dari perangkat yang dipublikasikan menggunakan Android App Bundle di Google Play. Android 15 menyertakan dukungan tingkat OS untuk pengarsipan dan pembatalan pengarsipan aplikasi, sehingga mempermudah semua app store untuk menerapkannya.

Aplikasi dengan izin REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES dapat memanggil metode PackageInstaller requestArchive untuk meminta pengarsipan paket aplikasi yang diinstal, yang akan menghapus APK dan file dalam cache, tetapi mempertahankan data pengguna. Aplikasi yang diarsipkan akan ditampilkan sebagai aplikasi yang dapat ditampilkan melalui LauncherApps API; pengguna akan melihat tampilan UI untuk menyoroti bahwa mereka aplikasi akan diarsipkan. Jika pengguna mengetuk aplikasi yang diarsipkan, penginstal yang bertanggung jawab akan mendapatkan permintaan untuk membatalkan pengarsipan file, dan proses pemulihan dapat dipantau oleh siaran ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

切换以 16KB 页面大小启动设备开发者选项,以便在 16 KB 模式下启动设备。

从 Android 15 QPR1 开始,您可以使用某些设备上提供的开发者选项,以 16 KB 模式启动设备并执行设备端测试。

此开发者选项适用于以下设备:

  • Pixel 8 和 Pixel 8 Pro(搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本)

    警告:由于 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 存在已知问题,在安装 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 并以 16 KB 模式启动设备后,Pixel 8 设备上的触摸屏无法正常使用。此问题不会影响 Pixel 8 Pro 设备。

  • Pixel 8a(搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本)

    警告:由于 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 存在已知问题,在安装 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 并以 16 KB 模式启动设备后,Pixel 8a 设备上的触摸屏无法正常使用。

  • Pixel 9、Pixel 9 Pro 和 Pixel 9 Pro XL(搭载 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 或更高版本)

Grafik

Android 15 menghadirkan peningkatan grafis terbaru, termasuk ANGLE dan penambahan ke sistem grafis Kanvas.

Modernisasi akses GPU Android

Vulkan 徽标

与早期相比,Android 硬件已经有了很大的进步。早期,核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行,并且使用基于固定功能流水线的 API 访问 GPU。从 Android 7.0(API 级别 24)开始,NDK 中就提供了 Vulkan® 图形 API,其较低级别的抽象更好地反映了现代 GPU 硬件,可更好地扩缩以支持多个 CPU 核心,并可降低 CPU 驱动程序开销,从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 与 GPU 的首选接口。因此,Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层,用于在 Vulkan 基础上运行 OpenGL® ES。改用 ANGLE 将标准化 Android OpenGL 实现,提高兼容性,在某些情况下还有助于提升性能。在 Android 15 中,您可以依次前往设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能:启用 ANGLE,启用开发者选项,以便通过 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能。

Android ANGLE on Vulkan 路线图

Android GPU API 即将发生变更的路线图。

为了简化 GPU 堆栈,我们今后将在更多新设备上将 ANGLE 作为 GL 系统驱动程序提供,未来 OpenGL/ES 将只能通过 ANGLE 获得支持。尽管如此,我们计划继续在所有设备上支持 OpenGL ES

建议的后续措施

使用开发者选项为 OpenGL ES 选择 ANGLE 驱动程序,然后测试您的应用。对于新项目,我们强烈建议您为 C/C++ 使用 Vulkan。

Peningkatan untuk Canvas

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

  • Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
  • clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

Performa dan baterai

Android terus berfokus untuk membantu Anda meningkatkan performa dan kualitas aplikasi. Android 15 memperkenalkan API yang membantu membuat tugas di aplikasi Anda lebih efisien untuk dijalankan, mengoptimalkan performa aplikasi, dan mengumpulkan insight tentang aplikasi Anda.

Untuk praktik terbaik yang hemat baterai, proses debug jaringan dan penggunaan daya, serta detail tentang cara kami meningkatkan efisiensi baterai pekerjaan latar belakang di Android 15 dan Android versi terbaru, lihat presentasi Meningkatkan efisiensi baterai pekerjaan latar belakang di Android dari Google I/O.

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

Informasi ukuran aplikasi mendetail

从 Android 8.0(API 级别 26)开始,Android 包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API,该 API 会将应用的安装大小总结为一个字节数,该数值是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及在设备上生成的文件(例如提前编译 [AOT] 代码)的总和。此数字对于了解应用的存储空间使用情况而言,没有太大帮助。

Android 15 添加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API,可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有这些空间,包括 APK 文件分块、AOT 和加速相关代码、DEX 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

Pembuatan profil yang dikelola aplikasi

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

Peningkatan database SQLite

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

  • Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
  • Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
  • Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Update Android Dynamic Performance Framework

Android 15 继续投资于 Android 动态性能框架 (ADPF),这是一组 API,可让游戏和性能密集型应用更为直接地与 Android 设备的电源和散热系统进行互动。在受支持的设备上,Android 15 添加了 ADPF 功能:

  • 针对提示会话的节能模式,用于指明其关联的线程应优先节能而非性能,非常适合长时间运行的后台工作负载。
  • 系统可以在提示会话中报告 GPU 和 CPU 工作时长,以便同时调整 CPU 和 GPU 频率,以最佳方式满足工作负载需求。
  • 热余量阈值,用于根据余量预测来解读可能的热节流状态。

如需详细了解如何在应用和游戏中使用 ADPF,请参阅相关文档

Privasi

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang membantu developer aplikasi melindungi privasi pengguna.

Deteksi perekaman layar

Android 15 增加了对应用的支持,以检测 正在录制。每当应用转换时,系统都会调用回调 在屏幕录制内容中处于可见与隐藏状态之间。如果正在记录注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity,则系统会将应用视为可见。这样一来,如果您的应用执行敏感操作,您就可以告知用户正在录制他们的操作。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Kemampuan IntentFilter yang diperluas

Android 15 通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup 支持更精确的 Intent 解析,UriRelativeFilterGroup 包含一组 UriRelativeFilter 对象,这些对象构成一组必须满足的 Intent 匹配规则,包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。

您可以在 AndroidManifest XML 文件中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group> 标记来定义这些规则,该标记可以包含 android:allow 标记。这些代码可以包含使用现有数据代码属性以及 android:queryandroid:fragment 属性的 <data> 代码。

下面是一个 AndroidManifest 语法示例:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Ruang privasi

Ruang pribadi dapat dibuka kuncinya dan dikunci untuk menampilkan atau menyembunyikan aplikasi sensitif di perangkat.

Ruang privasi memungkinkan pengguna membuat ruang terpisah di perangkat mereka tempat mereka dapat menyembunyikan aplikasi sensitif dari orang lain, dengan lapisan autentikasi tambahan. Ruang privasi menggunakan profil pengguna terpisah. Pengguna dapat memilih untuk menggunakan kunci perangkat atau faktor kunci terpisah untuk ruang pribadi.

Aplikasi di ruang pribadi muncul di penampung terpisah di peluncur, dan disembunyikan dari tampilan terbaru, notifikasi, setelan, dan dari aplikasi lain saat ruang pribadi dikunci. Konten yang dibuat dan didownload pengguna (seperti media atau file) dan akun dipisahkan antara ruang pribadi dan ruang utama. Sharesheet sistem dan pemilih foto dapat digunakan untuk memberi aplikasi akses ke konten di seluruh ruang saat ruang pribadi tidak dikunci.

Pengguna tidak dapat memindahkan aplikasi yang sudah ada dan datanya ke ruang pribadi. Sebagai gantinya, pengguna memilih opsi penginstalan di ruang pribadi untuk menginstal aplikasi menggunakan app store mana pun yang mereka inginkan. Aplikasi di ruang pribadi diinstal sebagai salinan terpisah dari aplikasi apa pun di ruang utama (salinan baru dari aplikasi yang sama).

Saat pengguna mengunci ruang pribadi, profil akan dihentikan. Saat profil dihentikan, aplikasi di ruang pribadi tidak lagi aktif dan tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas latar depan atau latar belakang, termasuk menampilkan notifikasi.

Sebaiknya uji aplikasi Anda dengan ruang pribadi untuk memastikan aplikasi berfungsi seperti yang diharapkan, terutama jika aplikasi Anda termasuk dalam salah satu kategori berikut:

Membuat kueri pilihan pengguna terbaru untuk Akses Foto yang Dipilih

Apps can now highlight only the most-recently-selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

KotlinJava
val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)
Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox di Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Berbagi layar aplikasi

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

Pengalaman pengguna dan UI sistem

Android 15 memberi developer dan pengguna aplikasi kontrol dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar untuk mengonfigurasi perangkat agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka.

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut cara menggunakan peningkatan terbaru di Android 15 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Anda, lihat presentasi Meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Android dari Google I/O.

Pratinjau widget yang lebih kaya dengan Generated Previews API

在 Android 15 之前,提供微件选择器预览的唯一方法是指定静态图片或布局资源。这些预览通常与放置在主屏幕上的实际 widget 的外观大不相同。此外,由于无法使用 Jetpack Glance 创建静态资源,因此“资讯一览” 开发者必须为其微件截屏或创建 XML 布局, 微件预览。

Android 15 添加了对生成的预览的支持。这意味着,应用微件提供程序可以生成 RemoteViews 以用作选择器预览,而不是静态资源。

应用可以向微件选择器提供远程视图, 更新选择器中的内容,使其更能代表用户的内容 看到的内容。

推送 API

应用可以通过推送 API 提供生成的预览。应用可以提供 预览,并且不会收到明确的请求, 以提供预览。预览会保留在 AppWidgetService 中,并且主持人可以按需请求预览。以下示例加载了一个 XML 微件 并将其设置为预览:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

预期的流程如下:

  1. 任何时候,widget 提供程序都会调用 setWidgetPreview。提供的预览会与其他提供方信息一起保留在 AppWidgetService 中。
  2. setWidgetPreview 会通过 AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged 回调。作为回应,微件宿主会重新加载其所有提供方信息。
  3. 显示微件预览时,主机会检查 AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories,如果所选类别可用,则调用 AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview 以返回此提供程序的已保存预览。

何时调用 setWidgetPreview

由于没有用于提供预览的回调,因此应用可以选择在运行期间的任何时间发送预览。预览的更新频率取决于微件的用例。

以下列表介绍了两大类预览用例:

  • 在 widget 预览中显示真实数据(例如个性化数据)的提供程序 或最新信息。这些提供商可以设置预览 已登录 Google 账号或已在其应用中完成初始配置。之后 可以设置一项定期任务,按照所选的节奏更新预览。 此类 widget 的示例包括照片、日历、天气或新闻 widget。
  • 在预览中显示静态信息或不显示任何数据的快捷操作 widget 的提供程序。这些提供程序可以在应用首次启动时设置预览一次。例如,快速开车便是此类微件的示例 操作 widget 或 Chrome 快捷方式 widget。

某些提供商可能会在基座接入模式选择器上显示静态预览,但真实的 信息。这些提供商应遵循指南 设置预览

Picture-in-Picture

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }
override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

Aturan Jangan Ganggu yang ditingkatkan

AutomaticZenRule 允许应用自定义注意力机制 管理(勿扰)规则,并确定何时启用或停用 。Android 15 极大地增强了这些规则,旨在提高 用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能:

  • AutomaticZenRule 添加类型,让系统能够应用特殊类型 对某些规则的处理
  • AutomaticZenRule 添加图标,使模式更加丰富 易于识别。
  • triggerDescription 字符串添加到 AutomaticZenRule,用于描述 规则应当对用户生效的条件。
  • 已添加 ZenDeviceEffects 更改为AutomaticZenRule,从而允许规则触发灰度等操作 显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸。

Menetapkan VibrationEffect untuk saluran notifikasi

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

Chip status bar proyeksi media dan berhenti otomatis

媒体投放可能会泄露用户的私密信息。一个醒目的新状态栏条状标签可让用户了解任何正在进行的屏幕投影。用户可以点按该条状标签停止投屏、共享或录制屏幕。此外,为了提供更直观的用户体验,当设备屏幕锁定后,所有正在进行的屏幕投影都会自动停止。

用于屏幕共享、投屏和录制的状态栏条状标签。

Perangkat layar besar dan faktor bentuk

Android 15 memberi aplikasi Anda dukungan untuk mendapatkan hasil maksimal dari faktor bentuk Android, termasuk perangkat layar besar, perangkat flip, dan perangkat foldable.

Multitasking layar besar yang ditingkatkan

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

Dukungan layar sampul

Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to allow your Application or Activity to be presented on the small cover screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.

Konektivitas

Android 15 mengupdate platform untuk memberi aplikasi Anda akses ke kemajuan terbaru dalam teknologi nirkabel dan komunikasi.

Dukungan satelit

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

Pengalaman NFC yang lebih lancar

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Peran Wallet

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

Keamanan

Android 15 membantu Anda meningkatkan keamanan aplikasi, melindungi data aplikasi, dan memberi pengguna transparansi dan kontrol yang lebih besar atas data mereka. Lihat presentasi Menjaga keamanan pengguna di Android dari Google I/O untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut upaya kami dalam meningkatkan pengamanan pengguna dan melindungi aplikasi Anda dari ancaman baru.

Mengintegrasikan Credential Manager dengan isi otomatis

从 Android 15 开始,开发者可以将用户名或密码字段等特定视图与 Credential Manager 请求相关联,从而更轻松地在登录过程中提供量身定制的用户体验。当用户聚焦于其中一个视图时,系统会向 Credential Manager 发送相应请求。系统会汇总来自各个提供商的凭据,并在自动填充后备界面(例如内嵌建议或下拉菜单建议)中显示这些凭据。Jetpack androidx.credentials 库是开发者首选的端点,很快将在 Android 15 及更高版本中推出,以进一步增强此功能。

Mengintegrasikan pendaftaran dan login sekali ketuk dengan perintah biometrik

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

Pengelolaan kunci untuk enkripsi end-to-end

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

Pemeriksaan izin pada URI konten

Android 15 introduces a set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

Aksesibilitas

Android 15 menambahkan fitur yang meningkatkan aksesibilitas bagi pengguna.

Braille yang Lebih Baik

在 Android 15 中,我们让 TalkBack 能够支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似,将有助于 Android 随着时间的推移支持更多类型的盲文显示屏。

Internasionalisasi

Android 15 menambahkan fitur dan kemampuan yang melengkapi pengalaman pengguna saat perangkat digunakan dalam bahasa yang berbeda.

Font variabel CJK

从 Android 15 开始,面向中文、日文和韩文 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现在是可变字体。可变字体为中日韩语言的创意排版提供了更多可能性。设计师可以探索更多样式的排版,并制作出以前难以实现或根本无法实现的视觉效果出色的布局。

面向中文、日文和韩文 (CJK) 的可变字体在不同字体宽度下的显示效果。

Justifikasi antar-karakter

Mulai Android 15, teks dapat dibenarkan menggunakan spasi huruf dengan menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Justifikasi antarkata pertama kali diperkenalkan di Android 8.0 (API level 26), dan justifikasi antarkarakter memberikan kemampuan serupa untuk bahasa yang menggunakan karakter spasi kosong untuk segmentasi, seperti China, Jepang, dan lainnya.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.
Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.


Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.
Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.


Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.
Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Konfigurasi baris baru otomatis

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE.

Font Hentaigana Jepang Tambahan

在 Android 15 中,旧版日语平假名(也称为 Hentaigana)字体文件 捆绑在一起半形人物的独特形状可以增加 风格或设计独特的风格 传播和理解古代日本文件的能力。

日文半角字符和文本样式 字体。

VideoLAN 圆锥图标 版权所有 (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN。任何人都可以使用此徽标或修改版徽标来提及 VideoLAN 项目或 VideoLAN 团队开发的任何产品,但这并不表示该项目对其表示认可。

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 徽标是 Khronos Group Inc.的注册商标。

OpenGL 是注册商标,OpenGL ES 徽标是 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 的商标,已获得 Khronos 的许可。