行为变更：以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用

与以前的版本一样，Android 15 包含一些行为变更，这些变更可能会影响 。以下行为变更仅影响符合以下条件的应用： 以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台。如果您的应用以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台， 您应修改自己的应用以适当地支持这些行为，其中 。

另外，请务必查看影响所有应用的行为变更列表 在 Android 15 上运行，而不考虑应用的 targetSdkVersion。

核心功能

Android 15 修改或扩展了 Android 系统的各种核心功能。

前台服务的变更

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

Note: The 6-hour time limit is shared by all of an app's dataSync foreground services. For example, if an app runs a dataSync service for four hours, then starts a different dataSync service, that second service will only be allowed to run for two hours. However, if the user brings the app to the foreground, the timer resets and the app has 6 hours available.

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 引入了一种新的前台服务类型，即 mediaProcessing。本次 服务类型适用于对媒体文件进行转码等操作。对于 例如，媒体应用可能会下载音频文件并需要将其转换为 然后再播放之前的视频您可以使用 mediaProcessing 前台 以确保即使应用处于打开或关闭状态，转化仍会继续进行 背景。

系统允许应用的 mediaProcessing 服务共运行 6 次 之后，系统会调用正在运行的服务的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法（在 Android 中引入） 15）。此时，服务有几秒钟的时间来调用 Service.stopSelf()。如果该服务没有 调用 Service.stopSelf() 时，系统会抛出内部异常。通过 Logcat 中会记录以下异常：

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

注意 ：6 小时的时间限制由应用的所有 mediaProcessing 共用 前台服务。例如，如果应用针对以下实例运行 mediaProcessing 服务： 然后启动另一项mediaProcessing服务 服务只能运行两小时。但是，如果用户带来 将应用置于前台，计时器会重置，并且应用有 6 小时的可用时间。

为避免出现异常，您可以执行以下操作之一：

1. 让您的服务实现新的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。 当您的应用收到回调时，请务必在stopSelf() 几秒。（如果您不立即停止应用，则系统会生成 失败。）
2. 确保应用的 mediaProcessing 服务的运行时间不超过 总计 在任何 24 小时内为 6 小时（除非用户与应用互动； 重置计时器）。
3. 仅在用户执行直接操作后启动 mediaProcessing 项前台服务 互动；由于服务启动时您的应用位于前台 您的服务在应用转入后台后的完整运行 6 小时。
4. 不使用 mediaProcessing 前台服务，而是使用替代方法 API，例如 WorkManager。

如果您的应用的 mediaProcessing 前台服务已在 不能启动其他 mediaProcessing 前台服务，除非 用户将您的应用转至前台（这会重置计时器）。如果您 尝试启动另一个 mediaProcessing 前台服务，系统会抛出 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException 并显示类似“前台服务的时限已用尽”的错误消息 type mediaProcessing”。

要详细了解 mediaProcessing 服务类型，请参阅对 前台服务类型：媒体处理。

测试

如需测试应用的行为，您可以启用媒体处理超时，即使 您的应用并非以 Android 15 为目标平台（只要该应用在 Android 15 上运行） Android 15 设备）。如需启用超时功能，请运行以下 adb 命令：

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

您还可以调整超时期限，以便更轻松地测试 在达到该限制时，应用的行为。要设置新的超时期限，请运行 以下 adb 命令：

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

更改了应用何时可以修改勿扰模式的全局状态

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

OpenJDK API 变更

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

• Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

• Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

• Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

• Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

  The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

  If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

  Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

• Collision with other methods in Java

  New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

  Example error 1:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  Example error 2:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  Example error 3:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

安全

Android 15 包含一些变更，这些变更有助于提升系统安全性，帮助保护应用 以及来自恶意应用的用户的攻击

限制后台 activity 启动

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的 intent

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

Important: A PendingIntent acts as a wrapper for a standard Intent, so these security measures apply to the Intent contained within the PendingIntent.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

Kotlin

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

Java

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 包含一些旨在打造更一致、更完善的 直观的用户体验。

窗口边衬区更改

Android 15 中有两个与窗口边衬区相关的变更：默认强制执行无边框模式；还存在配置变更，例如系统栏的默认配置。

全面实施政策

在搭载 Android 15 的设备上，应用会默认采用全屏 以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台。

重要提示： 如果应用尚未实现无边框，应用的某些部分 必须处理边衬区这项工作可能有，也可能根据具体应用而定 没有显著的意义。Material 3 Scaffold 组件可以减少 与 Android 15 全面屏强制执行兼容所需的工作。

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一款以 Android 14 为目标平台且在 Android 设备上未处于无边框的应用 Android 15 设备。

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一款以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台且采用无边框的应用 在 Android 15 设备上。此应用主要使用 Material 3 Compose 组件 自动应用边衬区此屏幕不会受到 Android 15 全屏强制执行。

这是一项可能会对应用的界面产生负面影响的破坏性更改。通过 更改会影响以下界面区域：

• 手势手柄导航栏 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  </ph>
  • 默认透明。
  • 底部偏移量已停用，因此内容绘制在系统导航栏后面 栏。
  • setNavigationBarColor和R.attr#navigationBarColor 已弃用，不会影响手势导航。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced不会对 手势导航。
• “三按钮”导航 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  </ph>
  • 默认不透明度设为 80%，颜色可能与窗口一致 背景。
  • 底部偏移值已停用，因此内容绘制在系统导航栏后面 除非应用了边衬区。
  • setNavigationBarColor和R.attr#navigationBarColor 默认设置为与窗口背景匹配。窗口背景 必须是颜色可绘制对象，才能应用此默认值。此 API 是 但会继续影响“三按钮”导航。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 默认为 true，这会添加一个 “三按钮”导航模式显示 80% 不透明的背景。
• 状态栏 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  </ph>
  • 默认透明。
  • 顶部偏移量已停用，因此除非 边衬区。
  • setStatusBarColor和R.attr#statusBarColor 已废弃，对 Android 15 没有任何影响。
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced和 R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced 已弃用，但仍具有 对 Android 15 的影响。
• 刘海屏 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  </ph>
  • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode 的非浮动窗口必须是 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS。SHORT_EDGES、NEVER和 系统会将 DEFAULT 解释为 ALWAYS，这样用户就不会看到黑色图标 长条形尺寸，显示为无边框。

以下示例显示了定位前后的应用 Android 15（API 级别 35）以及应用边衬区之前和之后。

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一款以 Android 14 为目标平台且在 Android 设备上未处于无边框的应用 Android 15 设备。

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一款以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台且为无边框应用 在 Android 15 设备上。不过，许多元素 栏、“三按钮”导航栏或刘海屏（由于 Android 15） 全屏强制措施。隐藏界面包含 Material 2 顶部应用栏、悬浮操作按钮和列表项。

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如果应用以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台， Android 15 设备并应用边衬区，这样界面就不会 已隐藏。

检查应用是否已采用全屏的检查步骤

如果您的应用已经采用无边框且应用了边衬区， 基本未受影响，但下列情况除外。但即使您认为 您不会受到影响，但我们建议您测试自己的应用。

• 您的非浮动窗口（例如 Activity）使用 SHORT_EDGES、NEVER 或 DEFAULT，而不是 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS。如果您的应用在启动时崩溃 可能是启动画面所致您可以升级核心 初始屏幕依赖项更改为 1.2.0-alpha01 或更高版本，或者设置 window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always。
• 可能会有流量较低的屏幕显示被遮挡的界面。验证这些 访问较少的屏幕也不会显示被遮挡的界面。流量较低的屏幕包括： <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  </ph>
  • 初始配置或登录屏幕
  • “设置”页面

如何检查应用尚未实现无边框

如果您的应用还没有全面屏，那么您很可能会受到影响。在 除了针对已经采用无边框的应用的情况之外， 请考虑以下事项：

• 如果您的应用使用 Material 3 组件 ( androidx.compose.material3)，例如 TopAppBar， BottomAppBar 和 NavigationBar，那么这些组件可能不 会受到影响，因为它们会自动处理边衬区。
• 如果您的应用使用 Material 2 组件 ( androidx.compose.material），那么这些组件 不会自动处理边衬区。不过，您可以使用边衬区 并手动应用这些设置在 androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 中 然后使用 windowInsets 参数手动应用边衬区 BottomAppBar、TopAppBar、 BottomNavigation 和 NavigationRail。 同样，对以下内容使用 contentWindowInsets 形参： Scaffold。
• 如果您的应用使用视图和 Material 组件 (com.google.android.material)，大多数基于 View 的 Material 如 BottomNavigationView、BottomAppBar、 NavigationRailView 或 NavigationView，处理边衬区，不需要 额外工作。但是，您需要将 android:fitsSystemWindows="true" 如果使用 AppBarLayout，则会发生此错误。
• 对于自定义可组合项，请手动将边衬区作为内边距应用。如果您的 内容位于 Scaffold 内，因此您可以使用 Scaffold 来使用边衬区 内边距值。否则，使用 WindowInsets。
• 如果您的应用使用的是视图和 BottomSheet、SideSheet 或自定义 使用 ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener。对于 RecyclerView，使用此监听器应用内边距，同时添加 clipToPadding="false"。

检查应用是否必须提供自定义后台保护的注意事项

如果您的应用必须为“三按钮”导航或 状态栏，则应用应将可组合项或视图放在系统栏后面 使用 WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() 获取三按钮 导航栏高度或 WindowInsets.Type#statusBars。

其他无边框资源

请参阅无边框视图和无边框 Compose 了解应用边衬区的其他注意事项。

已弃用的 API

以下 API 现已弃用：

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#setNavigationBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

稳定配置

如果您的应用以 Android 15（API 级别 35）或更高版本为目标平台，Configuration 否 不再包含系统栏。如果您使用 Configuration 类，您应将其替换为更好的 相应的 ViewGroup、WindowInsets 或 WindowMetricsCalculator，具体取决于您的需求。

Configuration 从 API 1 开始提供。它通常从 Activity.onConfigurationChanged。它提供窗口密度、 屏幕方向和尺寸窗口大小的一个重要特征 Configuration 之前会排除系统栏。

配置大小通常用于选择资源，例如 /res/layout-h500dp，这仍然是一个有效的用例。但将其用于 但一直不建议进行布局计算。如果需要，您应该将 现在离它远去。您应该使用 Configuration 具体取决于您的应用场景。

如果使用它来计算布局，请使用适当的 ViewGroup，例如 CoordinatorLayout 或 ConstraintLayout。如果使用该属性确定高度 ，请使用 WindowInsets。如果您想知道当前尺寸 ，请使用 computeCurrentWindowMetrics。

以下列表介绍了受此变更影响的字段：

• Configuration.screenWidthDp 和 screenHeightDp 尺寸不再 排除系统栏。
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp受到更改的间接影响 发送给screenWidthDp和screenHeightDp。
• Configuration.orientation受到以下项的更改间接影响： screenWidthDp 和 screenHeightDp，在近似方形设备上显示。
• Display.getSize(Point)会间接受到 Configuration。从 API 级别 30 开始，此 API 已废弃。
• 从 API 级别 33 开始，Display.getMetrics() 已采用这种方式。

EnglishTextHeight 属性默认为 true

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 15.

复杂字母形状的 TextView 宽度变化

在之前的 Android 版本中，某些手写字体或语言会 复杂形状时，可能会在上一个或下一个字符的区域绘制字母。 在某些情况下，此类字母会在开头或结尾处截断。 从 Android 15 开始，TextView 会分配宽度以绘制足够的空间 并允许应用请求在左侧填充额外的内边距， 请勿裁剪。

由于此更改会影响 TextView 确定宽度的方式，因此 TextView 如果应用以 Android 15（API 级别 35）或 。您可以通过调用 在 TextView 上使用 setUseBoundsForWidth API。

由于添加左侧内边距可能会导致现有布局出现错位， 默认情况下，系统不会添加内边距，即使对于以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用也是如此。 不过，您可以通过调用 setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang。

以下示例展示了这些更改如何改进某些用户的文本布局 字体和语言。

以手写字体显示英文文本的标准布局。其中一些 会截断字母。对应的 XML 如下：

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

相同英文文本的布局，提供额外宽度和 内边距。对应的 XML 文件如下：

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

泰语文本的标准布局。部分字母被截断了。 对应的 XML 如下：

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

相同的泰语文本的布局，具有额外的宽度和 内边距。对应的 XML 如下：

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的语言区域感知型默认行高

In previous versions of Android, the text layout stretched the height of the text to meet the line height of the font that matched the current locale. For example, if the content was in Japanese, because the line height of the Japanese font is slightly larger than the one of a Latin font, the height of the text became slightly larger. However, despite these differences in line heights, the EditText element was sized uniformly, regardless of the locale being used, as illustrated in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText is the same, even though these languages have different line heights from each other.

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), a minimum line height is now reserved for EditText to match the reference font for the specified Locale, as shown in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText now includes space to accommodate the default line height for these languages' fonts.

If needed, your app can restore the previous behavior by specifying the useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum attribute to false, and your app can set custom minimum vertical metrics using the setMinimumFontMetrics API in Kotlin and Java.

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 对应用的相机和媒体行为做出了以下变更 以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。

请求音频焦点的限制

以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用必须是顶级应用或运行前台服务，才能请求音频焦点。如果应用在不符合其中任何一项要求时尝试请求焦点，该调用将返回 AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED。

您可以参阅管理音频焦点，详细了解音频焦点。

更新后的非 SDK 限制

Android 15 包含更新后的受限非 SDK 列表 基于与 Android 开发者之间的协作以及最新的 内部测试在限制使用非 SDK 接口之前，我们会尽可能确保有可用的公开替代方案。

如果您的应用并非以 Android 15 为目标平台，其中一些变更可能不会立即对您产生影响。不过，虽然您的应用可以访问一些非 SDK 接口（具体取决于应用的目标 API 级别），但如果您使用任何非 SDK 方法或字段，应用无法运行的风险始终会很高。

如果您不确定自己的应用是否使用了非 SDK 接口，可以 测试您的应用，找出答案。如果您的应用依赖于非 SDK 接口，则应开始计划迁移到 SDK 替代方案。 尽管如此，我们了解到，某些应用具有 非 SDK 接口。如果您无法为应用中的某项功能找到使用非 SDK 接口的替代方案，则应请求新的公共 API。

如需详细了解此 Android 版本中的变更，请参阅 Android 15 中有关限制非 SDK 接口的更新。如需全面了解有关非 SDK 接口的详细信息，请参阅对非 SDK 接口的限制。