与之前的版本一样,Android 15 包含一些可能会影响应用的行为变更。以下行为变更仅影响以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。如果您的应用以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台,您应该修改自己的应用以适当地支持这些行为(如果适用)。
无论应用的 targetSdkVersion 为何,都请务必查看对 Android 15 上运行的所有应用都有影响的行为变更列表。
核心功能
Android 15 修改或扩展了 Android 系统的各种核心功能。
前台服务变更
我们将对 Android 15 中的前台服务进行以下更改。
数据同步前台服务超时行为
Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting
Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new
mediaProcessing foreground service type.
The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours
in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's
Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android
15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call
Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the
service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not
call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The
exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:
Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"
To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:
- Have your service implement the new
Service.onTimeout(int, int)method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to callstopSelf()within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.) - Make sure your app's
dataSyncservices don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer). - Only start
dataSyncforeground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background. - Instead of using a
dataSyncforeground service, use an alternative API.
If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last
24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user
has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to
start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws
ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException
with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service
type dataSync".
Testing
To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app
is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15
device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:
adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name
You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your
app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the
following adb command:
adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds
新的媒体处理前台服务类型
Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This
service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For
example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a
different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground
service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the
background.
The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6
hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's
Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android
15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call
Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not
call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The
exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:
Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"
To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:
- Have your service implement the new
Service.onTimeout(int, int)method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to callstopSelf()within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.) - Make sure your app's
mediaProcessingservices don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer). - Only start
mediaProcessingforeground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background. - Instead of using a
mediaProcessingforeground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.
If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the
last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless
the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you
try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws
ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException
with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service
type mediaProcessing".
For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to
foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.
Testing
To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if
your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an
Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:
adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name
You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your
app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the
following adb command:
adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds
对启动前台服务的 BOOT_COMPLETED 广播接收器的限制
在启动 BOOT_COMPLETED 广播接收器方面存在新限制
前台服务。BOOT_COMPLETED 接收器不能启动
以下类型的前台服务:
dataSynccameramediaPlaybackphoneCallmediaProjectionmicrophone(自 Android 14 起,microphone就受到此限制)
如果 BOOT_COMPLETED 接收器尝试启动任何上述类型的前台
服务,系统会抛出 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException。
测试
如需测试应用的行为,您可以启用这些新限制,即使您的应用并未以 Android 15 为目标平台(只要应用在 Android 15 设备上运行)也是如此。运行以下 adb 命令:
adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name
如需在不重启设备的情况下发送 BOOT_COMPLETED 广播,请运行以下 adb 命令:
adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name
在应用拥有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限时启动前台服务的限制
以前,如果应用拥有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限,即使应用当前在后台运行,也可以启动前台服务(如免于后台启动限制中所述)。
如果应用以 Android 15 为目标平台,则此豁免范围现在更窄。现在,应用需要具有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限,并且还需要有一个可见的叠加窗口。也就是说,应用需要先启动 TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY 窗口,并且该窗口需要处于可见状态,然后您才能启动前台服务。
如果您的应用尝试从后台启动前台服务,但不符合这些新要求(并且没有其他豁免情况),系统会抛出 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException。
如果您的应用声明了 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限并从后台启动前台服务,则可能会受到此变更的影响。如果您的应用获得了 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException,请检查应用的操作顺序,并确保应用在尝试从后台启动前台服务之前已具有有效的叠加层窗口。您可以通过调用 View.getWindowVisibility() 检查叠加层窗口当前是否可见,也可以替换 View.onWindowVisibilityChanged(),以便在可见性发生变化时收到通知。
测试
如需测试应用的行为,您可以启用这些新限制,即使您的应用并未以 Android 15 为目标平台(只要应用在 Android 15 设备上运行)也是如此。如需针对从后台启动前台服务启用这些新限制,请运行以下 adb 命令:
adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name
更改了应用何时可以修改免打扰模式的全局状态
Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the
global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying
user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an
AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the
existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that
previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter,
setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit
AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of
those API calls.
Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling
setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to
deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.
OpenJDK API 变更
Android 15 将继续更新 Android 的核心库,以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。
其中一些变更可能会影响以 Android 15(API 级别 35)为目标平台的应用兼容性:
对字符串格式化 API 进行了更改:现在,在使用以下
String.format()和Formatter.format()API 时,对参数索引、标志、宽度和精度的验证要求变得更加严格:String.format(String, Object[])String.format(Locale, String, Object[])Formatter.format(String, Object[])Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])
例如,如果使用参数索引 0(格式字符串中的
%0),则会抛出以下异常:IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0在这种情况下,可以通过使用实参索引 1(格式字符串中的
%1)来解决此问题。Arrays.asList(...).toArray()的组件类型发生变化:使用Arrays.asList(...).toArray()时,生成的数组的组件类型现在是Object,而不是底层数组元素的类型。因此,以下代码会抛出ClassCastException:String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();在这种情况下,为了在生成的数组中保留
String作为组件类型,您可以改用Collection.toArray(Object[]):String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);语言代码处理方式变更:使用
LocaleAPI 时,希伯来语、意第绪语和印度尼西亚语的语言代码不再转换为其过时形式(希伯来语:iw,意第绪语:ji,印度尼西亚语:in)。为这些语言区域之一指定语言代码时,请改用 ISO 639-1 中的代码(希伯来语:he,意第绪语:yi,印度尼西亚语:id)。对随机 int 序列的更改:在 https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574 中做出更改后,以下
Random.ints()方法现在返回的数字序列与Random.nextInt()方法不同:通常,此更改不会导致应用行为异常,但您的代码不应期望从
Random.ints()方法生成的序列与Random.nextInt()匹配。
当您在应用的 build 配置中将 compileSdk 更新为使用 Android 15(API 级别 35)后,新的 SequencedCollection API 可能会影响应用的兼容性:
与
kotlin-stdlib中的MutableList.removeFirst()和MutableList.removeLast()扩展函数冲突Java 中的
List类型会映射到 Kotlin 中的MutableList类型。 由于List.removeFirst()和List.removeLast()API 已在 Android 15(API 级别 35)中引入,因此 Kotlin 编译器会将函数调用(例如list.removeFirst())静态解析为新的ListAPI,而不是kotlin-stdlib中的扩展函数。如果应用在重新编译时将
compileSdk设为35,将minSdk设为34或更低,然后在 Android 14 及更低版本上运行,则会抛出运行时错误:java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;Android Gradle 插件中的现有
NewApilint 选项可以捕获这些新的 API 用法。./gradlew lintMainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi] list.removeFirst()如需修复运行时异常和 lint 错误,可以在 Kotlin 中分别将
removeFirst()和removeLast()函数调用替换为removeAt(0)和removeAt(list.lastIndex)。如果您使用的是 Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 或更高版本,它还提供了针对这些错误的快速修复选项。如果 lint 选项已被停用,请考虑移除
@SuppressLint("NewApi")和lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' }。与 Java 中的其他方法冲突
现有类型中添加了新方法,例如
List和Deque。这些新方法可能与其他接口和类中具有相同名称和参数类型的方法不兼容。如果方法签名冲突且不兼容,javac编译器会输出构建时错误。例如:错误示例 1:
javac MyList.javaMyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List public void removeLast() { ^ return type void is not compatible with Object where E is a type-variable: E extends Object declared in interface List错误示例 2:
javac MyList.javaMyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible; public class MyList implements List<Object>, Deque<Object> { both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types 1 error错误示例 3:
javac MyList.javaMyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible; public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> { class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface where E#1,E#2 are type-variables: E#1 extends Object declared in interface List E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface 1 error如需修复这些构建错误,实现这些接口的类应使用兼容的返回值类型替换该方法。例如:
@Override public Object getFirst() { return List.super.getFirst(); }
安全
Android 15 包含一些可提升系统安全性的变更,有助于保护应用和用户免受恶意应用的侵害。
受限的 TLS 版本
Android 15 限制了对 TLS 版本 1.0 和 1.1 的使用。这些版本之前已在 Android 中被弃用,但现在不允许面向 Android 15 的应用使用。
限制后台 activity 启动
Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).
Other changes
- Change
PendingIntentcreators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating aPendingIntentthat could be abused by malicious actors. - Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the
PendingIntentsender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges. - Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
- Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
- Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.
更安全的 intent
Android 15 introduces StrictMode for
intents.
In order to see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, use following
method:
Kotlin
fun onCreate() { StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder() .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch() .build() ) }
Java
public void onCreate() { StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder() .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch() .build()); }
用户体验和系统界面
Android 15 包含一些旨在打造更一致、更直观的用户体验的变更。
窗口边衬区变化
There are two changes related to window insets in Android 15: edge-to-edge is enforced by default, and there are also configuration changes, such as the default configuration of system bars.
全面实施政策
如果应用以 Android 15(API 级别 35)为目标平台,则在搭载 Android 15 的设备上默认以无边框显示。
这是一项破坏性更改,可能会对应用的界面产生负面影响。这些更改会影响以下界面区域:
- 手势提示条导航栏
- 默认透明。
- 底部偏移量处于停用状态,因此除非应用边衬区,否则内容会在系统导航栏后面绘制。
setNavigationBarColor和R.attr#navigationBarColor已废弃,不会影响手势导航。setNavigationBarContrastEnforced和R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced仍然对手势导航没有影响。
- “三按钮”导航
- 默认情况下,不透明度设置为 80%,颜色可能与窗口背景颜色一致。
- 底部偏移量处于停用状态,因此内容会在系统导航栏后面绘制,除非应用了边衬区。
- 默认情况下,
setNavigationBarColor和R.attr#navigationBarColor会设置为与窗口背景匹配。窗口背景必须是颜色可绘制对象,才能应用此默认值。此 API 已废弃,但仍会影响三按钮导航。 setNavigationBarContrastEnforced和R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced默认情况下为 true,这会在三按钮导航栏中添加不透明度为 80% 的背景。
- 状态栏
- 默认透明。
- 顶部偏移量处于停用状态,因此内容会绘制在状态栏后面,除非应用了边衬区。
setStatusBarColor和R.attr#statusBarColor已废弃,在 Android 15 上没有任何效果。setStatusBarContrastEnforced和R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced已废弃,但在 Android 15 上仍然有效。
- 刘海屏
- 非浮动窗口的
layoutInDisplayCutoutMode必须为LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS。SHORT_EDGES、NEVER和DEFAULT会被解读为ALWAYS,这样用户就不会看到由刘海屏导致的黑条,并且会看到无边框显示。
- 非浮动窗口的
以下示例展示了应用在以 Android 15(API 级别 35)为目标平台之前和之后,以及应用边衬区之前和之后的效果。此示例并不全面,在 Android Auto 上可能会有所不同。
如果应用已采用边到边设计,需要检查哪些内容
如果您的应用已采用边到边设计并应用了边衬区,则您基本上不会受到影响,但以下情况除外。不过,即使您认为自己没有受到影响,我们也建议您测试应用。
- 您有一个非浮动窗口,例如使用
SHORT_EDGES、NEVER或DEFAULT(而非LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS)的Activity。如果您的应用在启动时崩溃,这可能是由于启动画面所致。您可以将核心启动画面依赖项升级到 1.2.0-alpha01 或更高版本,也可以设置window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always。 - 有些屏幕可能流量较低,且界面被遮挡。验证这些不常访问的屏幕是否没有被遮挡的界面。流量较低的屏幕包括:
- 新手入门或登录界面
- “设置”页面
如果您的应用尚未实现全屏显示,需要检查哪些方面
如果您的应用尚未采用边到边设计,则很可能会受到影响。除了已采用边到边设计的应用场景之外,您还应考虑以下情况:
- 如果应用在 Compose 中使用 Material 3 组件 (
androidx.compose.material3),例如TopAppBar、BottomAppBar和NavigationBar,这些组件可能不会受到影响,因为它们会自动处理边衬区。 - 如果应用使用的是 Compose 中的 Material 2 组件 (
androidx.compose.material),这些组件不会自动处理边衬区。不过,您可以获得边衬区的访问权限, 然后手动应用边衬区。在 androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 及更高版本中,使用windowInsets参数可为BottomAppBar、TopAppBar、BottomNavigation以及NavigationRail手动应用边衬区。 同样,请为Scaffold使用contentWindowInsets参数。 - 如果应用使用了视图和 Material 组件 (
com.google.android.material),则大多数基于视图的 Material 组件(例如BottomNavigationView、BottomAppBar、NavigationRailView或NavigationView)都会处理边衬区,因此不需要执行额外的操作。不过,如果使用的是AppBarLayout,则需要添加android:fitsSystemWindows="true"。 - 对于自定义可组合项,请手动应用边衬区作为内边距。如果您的内容位于
Scaffold中,您可以使用Scaffold填充值来使用边衬区。否则,请使用WindowInsets之一应用内边距。 - 如果应用使用的是 View 和
BottomSheet、SideSheet或自定义容器,请使用ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener应用内边距。对于RecyclerView,请使用此监听器应用内边距,同时添加clipToPadding="false"。
如果您的应用必须提供自定义后台保护,请检查以下事项
如果您的应用必须为三按钮导航或状态栏提供自定义背景保护,则应使用 WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() 获取三按钮导航栏高度或 WindowInsets.Type#statusBars,在系统栏后面放置一个可组合项或视图。
其他边到边资源
如需了解有关应用 Insets 的其他注意事项,请参阅边到边视图和边到边 Compose 指南。
已弃用的 API
以下 API 已弃用,但未停用:
R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrastR.attr#navigationBarColor(适用于三按钮导航,不透明度为 80%)Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforcedWindow#setNavigationBarColor(适用于三按钮导航,不透明度为 80%)Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced
以下 API 已弃用并停用:
R.attr#navigationBarColor(用于手势导航)R.attr#navigationBarDividerColorR.attr#statusBarColorWindow#setDecorFitsSystemWindowsWindow#getNavigationBarColorWindow#getNavigationBarDividerColorWindow#getStatusBarColorWindow#setNavigationBarColor(用于手势导航)Window#setNavigationBarDividerColorWindow#setStatusBarColor
稳定配置
If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no
longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the
Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better
alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or
WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.
Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from
Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density,
orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes
returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.
The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as
/res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for
layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move
away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something
more suitable depending on your use case.
If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as
CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height
of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size
of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.
The following list describes the fields affected by this change:
Configuration.screenWidthDpandscreenHeightDpsizes no longer exclude the system bars.Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDpis indirectly affected by changes toscreenWidthDpandscreenHeightDp.Configuration.orientationis indirectly affected by changes toscreenWidthDpandscreenHeightDpon close-to-square devices.Display.getSize(Point)is indirectly affected by the changes inConfiguration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.Display.getMetrics()has already worked like this since API level 33.
elegantTextHeight 属性默认为 true
For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the
elegantTextHeight TextView attribute
becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some
scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable.
The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API
level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to
stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing
attribute.
In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set
elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is
unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the
following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam,
Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.
elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower.
elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 15.TextView 宽度会因复杂的字母形状而发生变化
在以前的 Android 版本中,某些具有复杂形状的手写字体或语言可能会在上一个或下一个字符的区域绘制字母。在某些情况下,此类字母会在开头或结尾处被剪裁。从 Android 15 开始,TextView 会分配宽度,以便为此类字母绘制足够的空间,并允许应用请求向左额外添加内边距以防止剪裁。
由于此更改会影响 TextView 确定宽度的方式,因此如果应用以 Android 15(API 级别 35)或更高版本为目标平台,TextView 会默认分配更多宽度。您可以通过对 TextView 调用 setUseBoundsForWidth API 来启用或停用此行为。
由于添加左内边距可能会导致现有布局未对齐,因此默认情况下不会添加内边距,即使以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用也是如此。不过,您可以通过调用 setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang 添加额外的内边距以防止剪裁。
以下示例展示了这些更改如何改进某些字体和语言的文本布局。
<TextView android:fontFamily="cursive" android:text="java" />
<TextView android:fontFamily="cursive" android:text="java" android:useBoundsForWidth="true" android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
<TextView android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />
<TextView android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" android:useBoundsForWidth="true" android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
EditText 的语言区域感知默认行高
在较低版本的 Android 中,文本布局会拉伸文本的高度,以满足与当前语言区域匹配的字体的行高。例如,如果内容是日语,由于日语字体的行高略高于拉丁字体,因此文本的高度会略高。不过,尽管行高存在这些差异,但无论使用的是哪种语言区域,EditText 元素的大小都是统一的,如下图所示:
EditText 元素。EditText 的高度相同,即使这些语言的行高各不相同。对于以 Android 15(API 级别 35)为目标平台的应用,现在为 EditText 预留了最小行高,以匹配指定语言区域的参考字体,如下图所示:
EditText 元素。EditText 的高度现在包含足够的空间来容纳这些语言字体的默认行高。如有需要,您的应用可以将 useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum 属性指定为 false,以恢复之前的行为;您的应用还可以在 Kotlin 和 Java 中使用 setMinimumFontMetrics API 设置自定义最小垂直指标。
摄像头和媒体
Android 15 针对以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用,对相机和媒体行为进行了以下更改。
有关请求音频焦点的限制
以 Android 15(API 级别 35)为目标平台的应用必须是顶部应用或正在运行前台服务,才能请求音频焦点。如果应用在未满足上述任一要求的情况下尝试请求焦点,调用将返回 AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED。
如需详细了解音频焦点,请参阅管理音频焦点。
更新后的非 SDK 限制
Android 15 包含更新后的受限非 SDK 接口列表(基于与 Android 开发者之间的协作以及最新的内部测试)。在限制使用非 SDK 接口之前,我们会尽可能确保有可用的公开替代方案。
如果您的应用并非以 Android 15 为目标平台,其中一些变更可能不会立即对您产生影响。不过,虽然您的应用可以访问某些非 SDK 接口(具体取决于应用的目标 API 级别),但只要您使用任何非 SDK 方法或字段,就很有可能会造成应用功能异常。
如果您不确定自己的应用是否使用了非 SDK 接口,则可以通过测试该应用来进行确认。如果您的应用依赖非 SDK 接口,则应开始计划迁移到 SDK 替代方案。不过,我们知道某些应用存在使用非 SDK 接口的合理场景。如果您无法为应用中的某项功能找到使用非 SDK 接口的替代方案,则应该请求新的公共 API。
如需详细了解此 Android 版本中的变更,请参阅 Android 15 中有关限制非 SDK 接口的更新。如需全面了解有关非 SDK 接口的详细信息,请参阅对非 SDK 接口的限制。