La piattaforma Android 15 include modifiche al comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app.
Le seguenti modifiche al comportamento si applicano a tutte le app quando vengono eseguite su Android 15,
indipendentemente da targetSdkVersion
. Devi testare la tua app e poi modificarla
in base alle necessità per supportarli correttamente, ove applicabile.
Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano solo le app che hanno come target Android 15.
Funzionalità di base
Android 15 modifica o espande varie funzionalità di base del sistema Android.
Modifiche allo stato di interruzione del pacchetto
软件包 FLAG_STOPPED
状态(用户可以通过在 AOSP build 中长按应用图标并选择“强制停止”来启用此状态)的用途一直是让应用保持在此状态,直到用户通过直接启动应用或间接与应用互动(通过 Sharesheet 或 widget、将应用选择为动态壁纸等)来明确将应用从此状态移除。在 Android 15 中,我们更新了系统行为,使其与此预期行为保持一致。应用应仅通过直接或间接的用户操作从停止状态移除。
为了支持预期行为,除了现有限制之外,当应用在搭载 Android 15 的设备上进入停止状态时,系统还会取消所有待处理 intent。当用户的操作将应用从停止状态移除时,系统会将 ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED
广播传送到应用,以便应用有机会重新注册所有待处理 intent。
您可以调用新的 ApplicationStartInfo.wasForceStopped()
方法来确认应用是否已进入停止状态。
Supporto delle dimensioni delle pagine di 16 kB
Storicamente, Android ha supportato solo dimensioni delle pagine di memoria di 4 KB, il che ha ottimizzato le prestazioni della memoria di sistema per la quantità media di memoria totale che i dispositivi Android hanno in genere avuto. A partire da Android 15, AOSP supporta i dispositivi configurati per utilizzare una dimensione pagina di 16 KB (dispositivi da 16 KB). Se la tua app utilizza librerie NDK, direttamente o indirettamente tramite un SDK, dovrai ricompilare l'app per farla funzionare su questi dispositivi da 16 KB.
Man mano che i produttori di dispositivi continuano a creare dispositivi con quantità maggiori di memoria fisica (RAM), molti di questi dispositivi adotteranno dimensioni delle pagine di 16 KB (e alla fine maggiori) per ottimizzare le prestazioni del dispositivo. L'aggiunta del supporto per i dispositivi con dimensioni di pagina di 16 kB consente alla tua app di essere eseguita su questi dispositivi e di sfruttare i miglioramenti delle prestazioni associati. Senza ricompilazione, le app non funzioneranno sui dispositivi da 16 KB nelle versioni future di Android.
Per aiutarti ad aggiungere il supporto per la tua app, abbiamo fornito indicazioni su come verificare se la tua app è interessata, su come ricompilare l'app (se applicabile) e su come testarla in un ambiente da 16 kB utilizzando emulatori (incluse le immagini di sistema Android 15 per Android Emulator).
Benefits and performance gains
I dispositivi configurati con dimensioni di pagina di 16 KB in media utilizzano un po' più di memoria, ma ottengono anche vari miglioramenti delle prestazioni sia per il sistema sia per le app:
- Tempi di avvio delle app più ridotti quando il sistema è sotto pressione di memoria: in media il 3,16% meno, con miglioramenti più significativi (fino al 30%) per alcune app che abbiamo testato
- Assorbimento di corrente ridotto durante l'avvio dell'app: riduzione media del 4,56%
- Avvio più rapido della fotocamera: in media gli avvii a caldo più veloci del 4,48% e degli avvii a freddo del 6,60% più velocemente
- Tempo di avvio del sistema migliorato: miglioramento medio dell'8% (circa 950 millisecondi)
Questi miglioramenti si basano sui nostri test iniziali e i risultati sui dispositivi effettivi potrebbero essere diversi. Forniremo ulteriori analisi dei potenziali guadagni per le app man mano che continuiamo i test.
Check if your app is impacted
Se la tua app utilizza codice nativo, devi ricompilarla con il supporto per i dispositivi da 16 kB. Se non sai con certezza se la tua app utilizza codice nativo, puoi utilizzare APK Analyzer per identificare se è presente codice nativo e poi controllare l'allineamento dei segmenti ELF per le librerie condivise che trovi. Android Studio offre anche funzionalità che ti aiutano a rilevare automaticamente i problemi di allineamento.
Se la tua app utilizza solo codice scritto nel linguaggio di programmazione Java o in Kotlin, incluse tutte le librerie o gli SDK, allora la tua app supporta già dispositivi da 16 KB. Tuttavia, ti consigliamo di testare l'app in un ambiente da 16 KB per verificare che non si verifichino regressioni impreviste nel comportamento dell'app.
Modifiche necessarie per alcune app per supportare lo spazio privato
Private space is a new feature in Android 15 that lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. Because apps in the private space have restricted visibility, some types of apps need to take additional steps to be able to see and interact with apps in a user's private space.
All apps
Because apps in the private space are kept in a separate user profile, similar to work profiles, apps shouldn't assume that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile. If your app has logic related to work profile apps that make this assumption, you'll need to adjust this logic.
Medical apps
When a user locks the private space, all apps in the private space are stopped, and those apps can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications. This behavior might critically impact the use and function of medical apps installed in the private space.
The private space setup experience warns users that the private space is not suitable for apps that need to perform critical foreground or background activities, such as showing notifications from medical apps. However, apps can't determine whether or not they're being used in the private space, so they can't show a warning to the user for this case.
For these reasons, if you develop a medical app, review how this feature might impact your app and take appropriate actions—such as informing your users not to install your app in the private space—to avoid disrupting critical app capabilities.
Launcher apps
If you develop a launcher app, you must do the following before apps in the private space will be visible:
- Your app must be assigned as the default launcher app for the device—that
is, possessing the
ROLE_HOME
role. - Your app must declare the
ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES
normal permission in your app's manifest file.
Launcher apps that declare the ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES
permission must handle
the following private space use cases:
- Your app must have a separate launcher container for apps installed in the
private space. Use the
getLauncherUserInfo()
method to determine which type of user profile is being handled. - The user must be able to hide and show the private space container.
- The user must be able to lock and unlock the private space container. Use
the
requestQuietModeEnabled()
method to lock (by passingtrue
) or unlock (by passingfalse
) the private space. While locked, no apps in the private space container should be visible or discoverable through mechanisms such as search. Your app should register a receiver for the
ACTION_PROFILE_AVAILABLE
andACTION_PROFILE_UNAVAILABLE
broadcasts and update the UI in your app when the locked or unlocked state of the private space container changes. Both of these broadcasts includeEXTRA_USER
, which your app can use to refer to the private profile user.You can also use the
isQuietModeEnabled()
method to check whether the private space profile is locked or not.
App store apps
The private space includes an "Install Apps" button that launches an implicit
intent to install apps into the user's private space. In order for your app to
receive this implicit intent, declare an <intent-filter>
in your app's manifest file with a <category>
of
CATEGORY_APP_MARKET
.
Carattere emoji basato su PNG rimosso
The legacy, PNG-based emoji font file (NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf
) has been
removed, leaving just the vector-based file. Beginning with Android 13 (API
level 33), the emoji font file used by the system emoji renderer changed from a
PNG-based file to a vector based file. The system retained
the legacy font file in Android 13 and 14 for compatibility reasons, so that
apps with their own font renderers could continue to use the legacy font file
until they were able to upgrade.
To check if your app is affected, search your app's code for references to the
NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf
file.
You can choose to adapt your app in a number of ways:
- Use platform APIs for text rendering. You can render text to a bitmap-backed
Canvas
and use that to get a raw image if necessary. - Add COLRv1 font support to your app. The FreeType open source library supports COLRv1 in version 2.13.0 and higher.
- As a last resort, you can bundle the legacy emoji font file
(
NotoColorEmoji.ttf
) into your APK, although in that case your app will be missing the latest emoji updates. For more information, see the Noto Emoji GitHub project page.
Aumento della versione minima dell'SDK target da 23 a 24
Android 15 builds on the
the changes that were made in Android 14 and extends this
security further. In Android 15, apps with a
targetSdkVersion
lower than 24 can't be installed.
Requiring apps to meet modern API levels helps to ensure better security and
privacy.
Malware often targets lower API levels in order to bypass security and privacy
protections that have been introduced in higher Android versions. For example,
some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion
of 22 to avoid being subjected to the
runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API
level 23). This Android 15 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security
and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API
level results in an installation failure, with a message like the following one
appearing in Logcat:
INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 24, but found 7
On devices upgrading to Android 15, any apps with a targetSdkVersion
lower
than 24 remain installed.
If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:
adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk
Sicurezza e privacy
Android 15 introduces robust measures to combat one-time passcode (OTP) fraud and to protect the user's sensitive content, focusing on hardening the Notification Listener Service and screenshare protections. Key enhancements include redacting OTPs from notifications accessible to untrusted apps, hiding notifications during screenshare, and securing app activities when OTPs are posted. These changes aim to keep the user's sensitive content safe from unauthorized actors.
Developers need to be aware of the following to ensure their apps are compatible with the changes in Android 15:
OTP Redaction
Android will stop untrusted apps that implement a
NotificationListenerService
from reading unredacted content
from notifications where an OTP has been detected. Trusted apps such as
companion device manager associations are exempt from these restrictions.
Screenshare Protection
- Notification content is hidden during screen sharing sessions to preserve
the user's privacy. If the app implements
setPublicVersion()
, Android shows the public version of the notification which serves as a replacement notification in insecure contexts. Otherwise, the notification content is redacted without any further context. - Sensitive content like password input is hidden from remote viewers to prevent revealing the user's sensitive information.
- Activities from apps that post notifications during screenshare where an OTP has been detected will be hidden. App content is hidden from the remote viewer when launched.
- Beyond Android's automatic identification of sensitive fields, developers
can manually mark parts of their app as sensitive using
setContentSensitivity
, which is hidden from remote viewers during screenshare. - Developers can choose to toggle the Disable screen share protections option under Developer Options to be exempted from the screenshare protections for demo or testing purposes. The default system screen recorder is exempted from these changes, since the recordings remain on-device.
Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali
Android 15 apporta le seguenti modifiche al comportamento della fotocamera e dei contenuti multimediali per tutte le app.
La riproduzione audio diretta e l'offload invalidano le tracce audio dirette o con offload aperte in precedenza quando vengono raggiunti i limiti delle risorse
Before Android 15, if an app requested direct or offload audio playback while
another app was playing audio and the resource limits were reached, the app
would fail to open a new AudioTrack
.
Beginning with Android 15, when an app requests direct or offload
playback and the resource
limits are reached, the system invalidates any currently open
AudioTrack
objects which prevent fulfilling the new track request.
(Direct and offload audio tracks are typically opened for playback of compressed audio formats. Common use-cases for playing direct audio include streaming encoded audio over HDMI to a TV. Offload tracks are typically used to play compressed audio on a mobile device with hardware DSP acceleration.)
Esperienza utente e UI di sistema
Android 15 include alcune modifiche volte a creare un'esperienza utente più coerente e intuitiva.
Animazioni predittive per Indietro attivate per le app che hanno eseguito l'opt-in
从 Android 15 开始,预测性返回动画的开发者选项已被移除。现在,如果应用已完全或在 activity 级别选择启用预测性返回手势,则系统会为其显示“返回主屏幕”“跨任务”和“跨 activity”等系统动画。如果您的应用受到了影响,请执行以下操作:
- 确保您的应用已正确迁移,以使用预测性返回手势。
- 确保 fragment 转场效果可与预测性返回导航搭配使用。
- 请弃用动画和框架过渡,改用动画和 androidx 过渡。
- 从
FragmentManager
不认识的返回堆栈迁移。请改用由FragmentManager
或 Navigation 组件管理的返回堆栈。
Widget disattivati quando l'utente arresta forzatamente un'app
If a user force-stops an app on a device running Android 15, the system temporarily disables all the app's widgets. The widgets are grayed out, and the user cannot interact with them. This is because beginning with Android 15, the system cancels all an app's pending intents when the app is force-stopped.
The system re-enables those widgets the next time the user launches the app.
For more information, see Changes to package stopped state.
Il chip della barra di stato della proiezione dei contenuti multimediali avvisa gli utenti della condivisione dello schermo, della trasmissione e della registrazione
屏幕投影漏洞会泄露用户的私密数据(例如财务信息),因为用户不知道自己的设备屏幕正在共享。
对于搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本的设备上运行的应用,系统会在状态栏中显示一个醒目的大条状标签,以提醒用户正在进行的任何屏幕投影。用户可以点按该条状标签,停止共享、投放或录制其屏幕。此外,当设备屏幕锁定时,屏幕投影会自动停止。

检查您的应用是否受到影响
默认情况下,您的应用会包含状态栏条状标签,并会在锁定屏幕激活时自动暂停屏幕投影。
如需详细了解如何针对这些用例测试应用,请参阅状态栏条状标签和自动停止。
Limitazioni di accesso alla rete in background
In Android 15, apps that start a network request outside of a valid process
lifecycle receive an exception. Typically, an
UnknownHostException
or other socket-related
IOException
. Network requests that happen outside of a valid lifecycle are
usually due to apps unknowingly continuing a network request even after the app
is no longer active.
To mitigate this exception, ensure your network requests are lifecycle aware and cancelled upon leaving a valid process lifecycle by using lifecycle aware components. If it is important that the network request should happen even when the user leaves the application, consider scheduling the network request using WorkManager or continue a user visible task using Foreground Service.
Ritiri
Con ogni release, API Android specifiche potrebbero diventare obsolete o dover essere refattorizzate per offrire una migliore esperienza per gli sviluppatori o supportare nuove funzionalità della piattaforma. In questi casi, ritiriamo ufficialmente le API obsolete e indirizziamo gli sviluppatori verso API alternative da utilizzare.
Il ritiro significa che abbiamo interrotto il supporto ufficiale per le API, ma queste continueranno a rimanere disponibili per gli sviluppatori. Per scoprire di più sui ritiri importanti in questa release di Android, consulta la pagina dei ritiri.