Berdasarkan rilis awal Android 15, kami terus memperbarui platform dengan perbaikan dan peningkatan yang kemudian diluncurkan ke perangkat yang didukung. Rilis ini dilakukan secara triwulanan melalui Quarterly Platform Releases (QPR), yang dikirimkan ke AOSP dan ke Perangkat Google Pixel sebagai bagian dari Update Fitur Baru.
Meskipun update ini tidak menyertakan perubahan API yang berdampak pada aplikasi, kami menyediakan image build QPR Beta terbaru sehingga Anda dapat menguji aplikasi dengan build ini sesuai kebutuhan (misalnya, jika ada fitur mendatang yang mungkin berdampak pada pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Anda).
Guna menemukan setelan pabrik untuk versi platform yang sudah dirilis dan stabil, lihat Setelan Pabrik untuk Perangkat Nexus dan Pixel.
Jika Anda adalah developer dengan perangkat Google Pixel yang didukung, Anda dapat mengupdate perangkat tersebut secara manual ke build terbaru untuk pengujian dan pengembangan. Mem-flash setelan pabrik mengharuskan perangkat direset sepenuhnya, jadi pastikan untuk mencadangkan data terlebih dahulu. Build tersedia untuk perangkat Pixel berikut:
- Pixel 6 dan 6 Pro
- Pixel 6a
- Pixel 7 dan 7 Pro
- Pixel 7a
- Pixel Fold
- Pixel Tablet
- Pixel 8 dan 8 Pro
- Pixel 8a
- Pixel 9 dan 9 Pro XL
Gunakan link dan petunjuk berikut untuk mengupdate perangkat yang didukung ke build terbaru. Lihat Mendapatkan Android 15 QPR Beta dibuat untuk mengetahui cara lain mendapatkan QPR1 untuk pengujian dan pengembangan.
Mem-flash perangkat menggunakan Android Flash Tool
Dengan Android Flash Tool, Anda dapat dengan aman mem-flash image sistem ke perangkat Pixel yang didukung. Android Flash Tool dapat digunakan dengan browser Web apa pun yang mendukung WebUSB, seperti Chrome atau Edge 79+.
Android Flash Tool memberikan panduan langkah demi langkah untuk mem-flash perangkat. Anda tidak perlu menginstal alat, cukup buka kunci perangkat dan aktifkan Proses Debug USB dari opsi Developer. Untuk mengetahui petunjuk selengkapnya, lihat dokumentasi Android Flash Tool.
Hubungkan perangkat Anda melalui USB, lalu buka Android Flash Tool menggunakan tautan berikut dan ikuti panduan di layar: https://flash.android.com/preview/vic-beta4.2.
Mem-flash perangkat secara manual
Anda juga dapat mendownload versi image sistem terbaru dan mem-flash secara manual ke perangkat. Lihat tabel berikut untuk mendownload image sistem perangkat pengujian Anda. Mem-flash perangkat secara manual akan sangat berguna jika Anda memerlukan kontrol yang akurat atas lingkungan pengujian atau jika Anda perlu menginstal ulang berkali-kali, seperti saat melakukan pengujian otomatis.
Setelah mencadangkan data perangkat dan mendownload image sistem yang cocok, Anda dapat mem-flash image tersebut ke perangkat Anda.
Anda dapat memilih untuk kembali ke build publik terbaru kapan saja.
Setelan pabrik perangkat
| Perangkat | Link Download dan SHA-256 {i>Checksum<i} |
|---|---|
| Pixel 6 |
16013a00a10322a272f1b44e5588ce700f84733bbcc2434495a43c11e24eb234 |
| Pixel 6 Pro |
234f695b62796a5249d338e55509bc2ff5d036b3983485b3d6b53ef73f7549cb |
| Pixel 6a |
99e4d38cf8d48bd97c044074efb73936426796cda32a9626189af52eb01f2a59 |
| Pixel 7 |
001001a9daccd2334bcd594dc5c0531784575432ea3c76e4f7c8dc49681cb179 |
| Pixel 7 Pro |
b3cbda21224704c89434e34c7c247907b65a1ace3f90b7c5617ed32489ee2ed4 |
| Pixel 7a |
dad0b9c2ae1cd2cb1e08c5df1c6c6b8b5dacc9a79d66ee9ab364a7e1091d4223 |
| Pixel Fold |
eb65ceb5896b852e2f2a99f137536787dfd7608d39e0f572cc08fce919f9f94f |
| Pixel Tablet |
31d6113c78f8efca5082a99c9db4b2247d79adad19794f4d605215bf1d8eaa16 |
| Pixel 8 |
fbb9f55066451cbb13157f0d61aa7a2249369eddafb8a8fb32be717157fa2ce7 |
| Pixel 8 Pro |
3ea916391d4aba1d9c8319d455af7adbc8985d8c3e6fd1580e433cc5e700e396 |
| Pixel 8a |
a0fd5f4f0a6b7ebd78250cb3969ae6afa82f74de64cdb957386d4a193a4e5718 |
| Pixel 9 |
3bec1d190e0ca673d92cbb9eea588f4917c352e0dc0941b0e2ee052dc0899a46 |
| Pixel 9 Pro XL |
1a2d73d51ae5edbfeab097a1a7dc0975d142c1d1a6696c634b453140f4d05b27 |
Kembali ke build publik
Anda dapat menggunakan Android Flash Tool untuk mem-flash setelan pabrik atau mendapatkan image sistem spesifikasi pabrik dari halaman Setelan Pabrik untuk Perangkat Nexus dan Pixel, lalu mem-flash image tersebut secara manual ke perangkat.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.
Download Android 15 factory system image
Sebelum mendownload, Anda harus menyetujui persyaratan dan ketentuan berikut.
Persyaratan dan Ketentuan
By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the following:All use of this development version SDK will be governed by the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement (available at https://developer.android.com/studio/terms and such URL may be updated or changed by Google from time to time), which will terminate when Google issues a final release version.
Your testing and feedback are important part of the development process and by using the SDK, you acknowledge that (i) implementation of some features are still under development, (ii) you should not rely on the SDK having the full functionality of a stable release; (iii) you agree not to publicly distribute or ship any application using this SDK as this SDK will no longer be supported after the official Android SDK is released; and (iv) you agree that Google may deliver elements of the SDK to your devices via auto-update (OTA or otherwise, in each case as determined by Google).
WITHOUT LIMITING SECTION 10 OF THE ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT LICENSE AGREEMENT, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT A DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF A SDK IS NOT A STABLE RELEASE AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS, DEFECTS AND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES THAT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE, INCLUDING THE COMPLETE, IRRECOVERABLE LOSS OF USE OF YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE.