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功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解添加的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档。对于 Android 15，请查找在 API 级别 35 中添加的 API。如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看会影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用和所有应用的 Android 15 行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种功能，可改善相机和媒体体验，并让您能够使用工具和硬件来帮助创作者在 Android 上实现自己的创意。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验讲座。

弱光增强

Android 15 引入了弱光增强功能，这是一种自动曝光模式，适用于 Camera 2 和夜间模式相机扩展。“弱光增强”功能可在光线昏暗的环境下调整预览画面的曝光度。这与夜间模式相机扩展程序创建静态图片的方式不同，因为夜间模式会将一系列照片组合起来，以创建一张经过增强的单张图片。虽然夜间模式非常适合拍摄静态图片，但无法创建连续的帧流，而“低光增强”功能可以。因此，弱光增强功能可启用相机功能，例如：

提供增强型图片预览，以便用户更好地取景拍摄低光照片
在光线不足的情况下扫描二维码

如果您启用“弱光增强”功能，该功能会在光线较弱时自动开启，在光线较强时关闭。

应用可以在光线昏暗的环境下录制预览画面，以保存经过亮度提升的视频。

如需了解详情，请参阅弱光增强。

应用内相机控件

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

响度控制

Android 15 引入了对 CTA-2075 响度标准的支持，可帮助您避免音频响度不一致，并确保用户在切换内容时不必不断调整音量。系统利用输出设备（头戴式耳机和扬声器）的已知特性以及 AAC 音频内容中提供的响度元数据，智能调整音频响度和动态范围压缩级别。

如需启用此功能，您需要确保 AAC 内容中提供响度元数据，并在应用中启用平台功能。为此，您可以通过使用关联的 AudioTrack 中的音频会话 ID 调用其 create 工厂方法来实例化 LoudnessCodecController 对象；这会自动开始应用音频更新。您可以传递 OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener 来修改或过滤响度参数，然后再将其应用于 MediaCodec。

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer 也将更新，以使用 LoudnessCodecController API，可实现无缝应用集成。

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d 徽标

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的热门 AV1 软件解码器，适用于不支持硬件 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。与旧版 AV1 软件解码器相比，dav1d 的性能最高可提升 3 倍，让更多用户（包括一些低端和中端设备）能够播放高清 AV1 视频。

您的应用需要选择启用 dav1d，方法是通过名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 调用它。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。此支持已标准化，并向后移植到收到 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们的大部分工作都是围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具来提高您的工作效率，但我们始终在寻找平台中的方法，以帮助您更轻松地实现自己的愿景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
Streams
Additional math and strictmath methods
util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
ByteBuffer support in Deflater
Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改进

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

自动切换语言功能的改进

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。您可以创建来自可变字体的 FontFamily 实例，而不指定粗细轴使用 buildVariableFamily API。文本渲染程序会替换 wght 轴的值，以匹配显示的文本。

使用该 API 可以大大简化创建 Typeface 的代码：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了同时使用旧版和新版 API 创建的 Typeface 的呈现方式：

使用新旧 API 渲染字体时出现差异的示例

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 不包含为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细 Font 实例，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在在此示例中，系统会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450，依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会为给定重量动态创建 Font 实例，因此系统也会为 350、450、550 和 650 呈现准确的重量。

精细的换行控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

应用归档

Android 和 Google Play 宣布支持最后的应用归档功能年，这让用户可以通过移除部分内容来释放空间通过 Android 应用发布的设备中不常用的应用前往 Google Play 下载套装。Android 15 在操作系统级别支持应用归档和解压缩，让所有应用商店都能更轻松地实现归档和解压缩。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 权限的应用可以调用 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法请求归档已安装的应用软件包，这会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件，但会保留用户数据已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps API 作为可显示的应用返回；用户会看到一个界面处理，以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用，负责安装的应用会收到解除归档请求，并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 广播监控恢复过程。

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

切换以 16KB 页面大小启动设备开发者选项，以在 16 KB 模式下启动设备。

从 Android 15 QPR1 开始，您可以使用某些设备上提供的开发者选项，以 16 KB 模式启动设备并执行设备端测试。在使用开发者选项之前，请依次前往设置 > 系统 > 软件更新，并应用所有可用的更新。

此开发者选项适用于以下设备：

Pixel 8 和 8 Pro（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 8a（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 9、9 Pro 和 9 Pro XL（搭载 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 或更高版本）

图形

Android 15 带来了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 和对 Canvas 图形系统的添加。

实现 Android GPU 访问的现代化

Vulkan 徽标

与早期相比，Android 硬件已经有了很大的进步。早期，核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行，并且使用基于固定功能流水线的 API 访问 GPU。从 Android 7.0（API 级别 24）开始，NDK 中就提供了 Vulkan® 图形 API，其较低级别的抽象更好地反映了现代 GPU 硬件，可更好地扩缩以支持多个 CPU 核心，并可降低 CPU 驱动程序开销，从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 与 GPU 的首选接口。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层，用于在 Vulkan 基础上运行 OpenGL® ES。改用 ANGLE 将标准化 Android OpenGL 实现，提高兼容性，在某些情况下还有助于提升性能。在 Android 15 中，您可以依次前往设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能：启用 ANGLE，启用开发者选项，以便通过 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能。

Android ANGLE on Vulkan 路线图

为了简化 GPU 堆栈，我们今后将在更多新设备上将 ANGLE 作为 GL 系统驱动程序提供，未来 OpenGL/ES 将只能通过 ANGLE 获得支持。尽管如此，我们计划继续在所有设备上支持 OpenGL ES。

建议的后续措施

使用开发者选项为 OpenGL ES 选择 ANGLE 驱动程序，然后测试您的应用。对于新项目，我们强烈建议您为 C/C++ 使用 Vulkan。

Canvas 方面的改进

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

性能和电池

Android 将继续专注于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了多项 API，可帮助您更高效地执行应用中的任务、优化应用性能，并收集有关应用的分析数据。

如需了解省电的最佳实践、调试网络和电源使用情况，以及我们如何在 Android 15 和最新版 Android 中提高后台工作的电池效率，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 上后台工作的电池效率讲座。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

详细的应用大小信息

从 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）开始，Android 包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 会将应用的安装大小总结为一个字节数，该数值是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及在设备上生成的文件（例如提前编译 [AOT] 代码）的总和。此数字对于了解应用的存储空间使用情况而言，没有太大帮助。

Android 15 添加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有这些空间，包括 APK 文件分块、AOT 和加速相关代码、DEX 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

由应用管理的性能分析

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隐私权

Android 15 包含多种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展了 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup 支持更精确的 Intent 解析，UriRelativeFilterGroup 包含一组 UriRelativeFilter 对象，这些对象构成一组必须满足的 Intent 匹配规则，包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。

您可以在 AndroidManifest XML 文件中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group> 标记来定义这些规则，该标记可以包含 android:allow 标记。这些代码可以包含使用现有数据代码属性以及 android:query 和 android:fragment 属性的 <data> 代码。

下面是一个 AndroidManifest 语法示例：

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

借助私密空间，用户可以在设备上创建一个单独的空间，在额外的身份验证层保护下，防止敏感应用遭到窥探。私密空间使用单独的用户个人资料。用户可以选择使用设备锁定方式或为私密空间使用单独的锁定方式。

私密空间中的应用会显示在启动器的单独容器中，并且当私密空间处于锁定状态时，这些应用不会显示在“最近用过”视图、通知、“设置”和其他应用中。用户生成的内容和下载的内容（例如媒体内容或文件）以及账号在私密空间和主空间之间是分开的。在私密空间处于解锁状态时，您可以使用系统 Sharesheet 和照片选择器向应用授予对各个空间中内容的访问权限。

用户无法将现有应用及其数据移至私密空间。相反，用户可以在私密空间中选择安装选项，以便使用他们偏好的任意应用商店安装应用。私密空间中的应用会作为主空间中任何应用的单独副本进行安装（同一应用的新副本）。

当用户锁定私密空间时，系统会停止该个人资料。在个人资料停止运行时，私密空间中的应用将不再处于活动状态，无法执行前台或后台活动，包括显示通知。

我们建议您使用私密空间测试应用，以确保应用能按预期运行，尤其是当您的应用属于以下某一类别时：

具有工作资料逻辑的应用：假定其应用的任何已安装副本（不在主资料中）均位于工作资料中。
医疗应用
启动器应用
应用商店应用

查询用户最近一次针对“选择的照片访问权限”做出的选择

现在，如果应用获得了部分访问权限，则只能突出显示最近选择的照片和视频。此功能可以改善频繁请求访问照片和视频的应用的用户体验。如需在应用中使用此功能，请在通过 ContentResolver 查询 MediaStore 时启用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 参数。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Android 15 支持应用屏幕共享，因此用户可以仅共享或录制应用窗口，而不是整个设备屏幕。此功能首次在 Android 14 QPR2 中启用，包含 MediaProjection 回调，可让您的应用自定义应用屏幕共享体验。请注意，对于以 Android 14（API 级别 34）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，每个 MediaProjection 捕获会话都需要征得用户同意。

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 可让应用开发者和用户更灵活地控制和配置设备，以满足自己的需求。

如需详细了解如何利用 Android 15 中的最新改进来提升应用的用户体验，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验讲座。

通过 Generated Previews API 获得更丰富的 widget 预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 引入了画中画 (PiP) 方面的变更，确保实现更流畅的过渡效果。对于在主界面上叠加界面元素的应用，这将非常有用，因为这些界面元素会进入 PiP。

开发者使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来定义逻辑用于切换叠加界面元素的可见性。此回调是在画中画进入或退出动画播放完毕时触发。距离开始还有 Android 15 中，PictureInPictureUiState 类包含另一种状态。

在此界面状态下，以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台的应用将遵守使用以下参数调用 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调： isTransitioningToPip()。还有在画中画模式下，有很多与应用无关的界面元素，包含建议、评分和标题当应用进入画中画模式时，请使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调以隐藏这些界面元素。当应用从画中画窗口进入全屏模式，使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调以取消隐藏这些元素，如请参阅以下示例：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

不相关界面元素的快速可见性切换（适用于画中画窗口）有助于确保画中画播放动画更流畅、无闪烁。

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule 允许应用自定义注意力机制管理（勿扰）规则，并确定何时启用或停用。Android 15 极大地增强了这些规则，旨在提高用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能：

向 AutomaticZenRule 添加类型，让系统能够应用特殊类型对某些规则的处理
向 AutomaticZenRule 添加图标，使模式更加丰富易于识别。
将 triggerDescription 字符串添加到 AutomaticZenRule，用于描述规则应当对用户生效的条件。
已添加 ZenDeviceEffects 更改为AutomaticZenRule，从而允许规则触发灰度等操作显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸。

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

媒体投影状态栏条状标签和自动停止

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 为您的应用提供支持，让它们能够充分利用 Android 的设备类型，包括大屏设备、翻盖设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏设备上的多任务处理

Users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for
quick access

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

封面屏幕支持

Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to allow your Application or Activity to be presented on the small cover screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.

连接

Android 15 更新了平台，让您的应用能够使用通信和无线技术方面的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 正在努力打造更顺畅、更可靠的感应式付款体验，同时继续支持 Android 强大的 NFC 应用生态系统。在受支持的设备上，应用可以请求 NfcAdapter 进入观察模式，在该模式下，设备会监听但不会响应 NFC 读卡器，并将应用的 NFC 服务 PollingFrame 对象发送以进行处理。PollingFrame 对象可用于在与 NFC 读卡器进行首次通信之前进行身份验证，在许多情况下，这支持一触式交易。

此外，应用可以在受支持的设备上注册过滤器，以便在有轮询循环活动时收到通知，从而能够与多个感知 NFC 的应用顺畅运行。

钱包角色

Android 15 引入了钱包角色，可与用户的首选钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色会取代 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以前往设置 > 应用 > 默认应用，管理钱包角色持有者。

在为在付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 感应式付款时，系统会使用钱包角色。点按操作始终会转到 Google 钱包角色持有者，除非有已注册相同 AID 的其他应用在前台运行。

此角色还用于确定“Google 钱包”快速访问功能块在启用后应显示在何处。将角色设为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且支付类别 NFC 点按仅传送到前台应用。

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用安全性、保护应用数据，并让用户更清楚地了解并更好地控制自己的数据。如需详细了解我们为改进用户保护措施和保护您的应用免遭新威胁侵害而采取的措施，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的在 Android 上保障用户安全讲座。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端到端加密的密钥管理

我们将在 Android 15 中引入 E2eeContactKeysManager，它通过提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于在 Android 应用中实现端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，以便用户集中管理和验证通讯录联系人的公钥。

对内容 URI 的权限检查

Android 15 introduces a set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

无障碍

Android 15 新增了一些功能，可提升用户无障碍体验。

更好的盲文体验

In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.

This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.

国际化

Android 15 新增了多项功能，可在设备以不同语言运行时提升用户体验。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，面向中文、日文和韩文 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现在是可变字体。可变字体为中日韩语言的创意排版提供了更多可能性。设计师可以探索更多样式的排版，并制作出以前难以实现或根本无法实现的视觉效果出色的布局。

字符间两端对齐

从 Android 15 开始，可以通过使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER。“字词间的理由”原为最初是在 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）中引入的， Justifications 功能为使用例如中文、日语等。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的英语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的英语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的英语文本布局。

自动换行配置

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`.

其他日语变体假名字体

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

VideoLAN cone Copyright (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN. This logo or a modified version may be used or modified by anyone to refer to the VideoLAN project or any product developed by the VideoLAN team, but does not indicate endorsement by the project.

Vulkan and the Vulkan logo are registered trademarks of the Khronos Group Inc.

OpenGL is a registered trademark and the OpenGL ES logo is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Enterprise used by permission by Khronos.

功能和 API 概览 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

摄像头和媒体

弱光增强

应用内相机控件

HDR 余量控制

响度控制

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

开发者工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改进

自动切换语言功能的改进

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精细的换行控制

应用归档

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

图形

实现 Android GPU 访问的现代化

Android ANGLE on Vulkan 路线图

建议的后续措施

Canvas 方面的改进

性能和电池

ApplicationStartInfo API

详细的应用大小信息

由应用管理的性能分析

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 动态性能框架更新

隐私权

屏幕录制检测

扩展了 IntentFilter 功能

私密空间

查询用户最近一次针对“选择的照片访问权限”做出的选择

Kotlin

Java

Privacy Sandbox on Android

健康数据共享

应用屏幕共享

用户体验和系统界面

通过 Generated Previews API 获得更丰富的 widget 预览

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

画中画

改进了“勿扰”规则

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

媒体投影状态栏条状标签和自动停止

大屏设备和外形规格

改进了大屏设备上的多任务处理

封面屏幕支持

连接

卫星支持

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

钱包角色

安全

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

端到端加密的密钥管理

对内容 URI 的权限检查

无障碍

更好的盲文体验

国际化

CJK 可变字体

字符间两端对齐

自动换行配置

其他日语变体假名字体

功能和 API 概览

When to call `setWidgetPreview`