Android 15 предлагает отличные функции и API для разработчиков. В следующих разделах обобщаются эти функции, чтобы помочь вам начать работу с соответствующими API.
Подробный список добавленных, измененных и удаленных API можно найти в отчете о различиях API . Подробную информацию о добавленных API см. в справочнике по API Android . Для Android 15 найдите API, добавленные на уровне API 35. Чтобы узнать об областях, в которых изменения платформы могут повлиять на ваши приложения, обязательно ознакомьтесь с изменениями в поведении Android 15 для приложений, которые нацелен на Android 15 и для всех приложений .
Камера и медиа
Android 15 включает в себя множество функций, которые улучшают работу камеры и мультимедиа, а также дают вам доступ к инструментам и оборудованию, которые помогут авторам воплотить свои идеи в жизнь на Android.
Дополнительные сведения о новейших функциях и решениях для разработчиков мультимедиа и камер Android см. в докладе Google I/O «Создание современных мультимедийных возможностей и камер Android» .
Усиление при слабом освещении
Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:
- Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
- Scanning QR codes in low light
If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.
Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.
For more information, see Low Light Boost.
Управление камерой в приложении
Android 15 添加了一个新扩展,用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法:
HDR-контроль высоты
Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面(例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用),此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom
控制 HDR 余量,以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。
Контроль громкости
Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.
To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in
your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you
instantiate a LoudnessCodecController
object by
calling its create factory method with the audio
session ID from the associated AudioTrack
; this
automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an
OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener
to modify or filter
loudness parameters before they are applied on the
MediaCodec
.
// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
.setSessionId(sessionId)
.build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
// Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}
AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the
LoudnessCodecController
APIs for a seamless app integration.
Виртуальные устройства MIDI 2.0
Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持,这些设备使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 将 UMP 支持扩展到虚拟 MIDI 应用,使乐曲应用能够控制合成器应用 作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备,就像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样。
Более эффективное программное декодирование AV1
dav1d(VideoLAN 中广受欢迎的 AV1 软件解码器)现已可用于在硬件中不支持 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。dav1d 的性能比旧版 AV1 软件解码器的性能高 3 倍,可让更多用户(包括一些中低层级的设备)播放高清 AV1 视频。
目前,您的应用需要通过调用 dav1d 名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder"
来选择使用 dav1d。在后续更新中,dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。这项支持已标准化,并向后移植到接收 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。
Производительность и инструменты разработчика
Хотя большая часть нашей работы по повышению вашей производительности сосредоточена вокруг таких инструментов, как Android Studio , Jetpack Compose и библиотеки Android Jetpack , мы всегда ищем в платформе способы помочь вам легче реализовать свое видение.
Обновления OpenJDK 17
Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.
The following key features and improvements are included:
- Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
- Streams
- Additional
math
andstrictmath
methods util
package updates including sequencedcollection
,map
, andset
ByteBuffer
support inDeflater
- Security updates such as
X500PrivateCredential
and security key updates
These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.
Улучшения PDF
Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer
APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering
password-protected files, annotations, form editing,
searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF
optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.
The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF
viewing capabilities to your app.
The PdfRenderer
has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google
Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting
these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible
pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called
PdfRendererPreV
.
Усовершенствования автоматического переключения языка
Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能,可在语言之间自动切换,但这可能会导致单词丢失,尤其是在语言切换时,两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件,可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS
会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行,而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES
则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言,这些选项特别有用。
Улучшен API переменных шрифтов OpenType.
Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。现在,您可以
基于可变字体创建 FontFamily
实例,而不指定
使用 buildVariableFamily
API 绘制权重轴。文本渲染程序替换项
wght
轴的值,以与显示的文本匹配。
使用新的 API,这可以简化用于创建 Typeface
的代码
大量:
Kotlin
val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder( FontFamily.Builder( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build()) .buildVariableFamily()) .build()
Java
Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder( new FontFamily.Builder( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build()) .buildVariableFamily()) .build();
以前,如需创建相同的 Typeface
,您需要更多代码:
Kotlin
val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder( FontFamily.Builder( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400") .setWeight(400) .build()) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100") .setWeight(100) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200") .setWeight(200) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300") .setWeight(300) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500") .setWeight(500) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600") .setWeight(600) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700") .setWeight(700) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800") .setWeight(800) .build() ) .addFont( Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900") .setWeight(900) .build() ).build() ).build()
Java
Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder( new FontFamily.Builder( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400") .setWeight(400) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100") .setWeight(100) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200") .setWeight(200) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300") .setWeight(300) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500") .setWeight(500) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600") .setWeight(600) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700") .setWeight(700) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800") .setWeight(800) .build() ) .addFont( new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf") .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900") .setWeight(900) .build() ) .build() ).build();
以下示例展示了如何同时使用新旧 API 创建 Typeface
呈现:
在此示例中,使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface
不包含
为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细
Font
实例,因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在
在此示例中,系统会渲染 300 而不是 350,渲染 400 而不是 450,
依此类推。相比之下,使用新 API 创建的 Typeface
会动态创建
给定权重的 Font
实例,因此系统会渲染 350 的准确权重,
450、550 和 650。
Детальный контроль разрыва строки
Starting in Android 15, a TextView
and the underlying
line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve
readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using
the <nobreak>
tag in string resources or
createNoBreakSpan
. Similarly, you can preserve words from
hyphenation by using the <nohyphen>
tag or
createNoHyphenationSpan
.
For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:
<resources>
<string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>
In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak>
tag, which wraps the
phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:
<resources>
<string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>
The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:
Архивирование приложений
Android 和 Google Play 宣布支持最后的应用归档功能 年,这让用户可以通过移除部分内容来释放空间 通过 Android 应用发布的设备中不常用的应用 前往 Google Play 下载套装。Android 15 在操作系统级别支持应用归档和解压缩,让所有应用商店都能更轻松地实现归档和解压缩。
具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES
权限的应用可以调用
PackageInstaller
requestArchive
方法请求归档
已安装的应用软件包,这会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件,但会保留
用户数据已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps
API 作为可显示的应用返回;用户会看到一个界面处理,以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用,负责安装的应用会收到解除归档请求,并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED
广播监控恢复过程。
Графика
В Android 15 реализованы новейшие графические улучшения, включая ANGLE и дополнения к графической системе Canvas.
Модернизация доступа к графическому процессору Android
从早期开始,核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行,GPU 通过基于固定函数流水线的 API 进行访问,Android 硬件已经发生了很大变化。从 Android 7.0(API 级别 24)开始,NDK 中就已提供 Vulkan® 图形 API。它采用较低级别的抽象,可以更好地反映现代 GPU 硬件,能够更好地进行扩展以支持多个 CPU 核心,并可减少 CPU 驱动程序开销,从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。
Vulkan 是 Android 的 GPU 首选接口。因此,Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层,用于在 Vulkan 上运行 OpenGL® ES。迁移到 ANGLE 会将 Android OpenGL 实现标准化,以提高兼容性,在某些情况下还可提升性能。您可以使用 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能,方法是在 Android 15 上依次点击设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能:启用 ANGLE,启用开发者选项。
Vulkan 上的 Android ANGLE 路线图
作为简化 GPU 堆栈的一部分,今后我们将在更多新设备上以 GL 系统驱动程序的形式提供 ANGLE,预计未来将只能通过 ANGLE 使用 OpenGL/ES。不过,我们计划在所有设备上继续支持 OpenGL ES。
建议的后续措施
使用开发者选项选择适用于 OpenGL ES 的 ANGLE 驱动程序并测试您的应用。对于新项目,我们强烈建议您使用适用于 C/C++ 的 Vulkan。
Улучшения для холста
Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造,并增添了新功能:
Matrix44
提供了一个用于转换坐标的 4x4 矩阵,当您想要处理 3D 画布时,应使用此矩阵。clipShader
将当前裁剪与指定着色器相交,而clipOutShader
会将裁剪设置为当前裁剪和着色器的差异,其中各自将着色器视为 Alpha 蒙版。这有助于高效绘制复杂形状。
Производительность и батарея
Android по-прежнему стремится помочь вам улучшить производительность и качество ваших приложений. В Android 15 представлены API, которые помогают повысить эффективность выполнения задач в вашем приложении, оптимизировать производительность приложения и собирать информацию о ваших приложениях.
Рекомендации по эффективному использованию батареи, отладке использования сети и энергопотребления, а также подробную информацию о том, как мы повышаем эффективность использования батареи при фоновой работе в Android 15 и последних версиях Android, см. в статье «Повышение эффективности использования батареи при фоновой работе на Android» от Google I/. О.
API-интерфейс ApplicationStartInfo
In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was
challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm,
or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the
various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate
, drawing the
first frame, and more. When your Application
class was instantiated, you had no
way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a
job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity
.
The ApplicationStartInfo
API on Android 15 provides
all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the
flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting
metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo
to help directly optimize app
startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related
libraries within your Application
class when your app is starting up due to a
broadcast.
Подробная информация о размере приложения
自 Android 8.0(API 级别 26)起,Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes
API,该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节,这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件(例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码)的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言,此数字并不富有见解。
Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type])
API,可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间,包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。
Профилирование, управляемое приложением
Android 15 包含 ProfilingManager
类,可让您从应用内部收集性能分析信息,例如堆转储、堆分析报告、堆栈采样等。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调,以标识输出文件,该文件将传递给应用的文件目录。该 API 会进行速率限制,以尽可能降低对性能的影响。
为了简化在应用中构建性能分析请求的过程,我们建议您使用 Core 1.15.0-rc01 或更高版本中的相应 Profiling
AndroidX API。
Улучшения базы данных SQLite
Android 15 引入了 SQLite API,这些 API 可公开底层 SQLite 引擎的高级功能,以解决可能在应用中出现的特定性能问题。将 SQLite 更新到版本 3.44.3。
开发者应参阅 SQLite 性能最佳实践 以便充分利用其 SQLite 数据库,尤其是在处理大型 或运行对延迟敏感的查询时
- 只读延迟事务:在发出
只读(不包括写入语句),请使用
beginTransactionReadOnly()
和beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener)
发出只读的DEFERRED
事务。此类事务 如果数据库处于 WAL 模式 与IMMEDIATE
或EXCLUSIVE
事务并发运行。 - 行数和 ID:添加了 API 以检索已更改的行数和 ID
行或最后插入的行 ID 而不发出额外的查询。
getLastChangedRowCount()
会返回当前事务中最近的 SQL 语句插入、更新或删除的行数,而getTotalChangedRowCount()
会返回当前连接的计数。getLastInsertRowId()
返回最后一行的rowid
以便在当前连接中插入 - 原始语句:发出原始 SQlite 语句,从而绕过便利 及其可能产生的任何额外处理开销。
Обновления Android Dynamic Performance Framework
Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:
- A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
- GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
- Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.
To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.
Конфиденциальность
Android 15 включает в себя множество функций, которые помогают разработчикам приложений защищать конфиденциальность пользователей.
Обнаружение записи экрана
Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.
val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
// We're being recorded
} else {
// We're not being recorded
}
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
val initialState =
windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
mCallback.accept(initialState)
}
override fun onStop() {
super.onStop()
windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}
Расширенные возможности IntentFilter
Android 15 通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup
支持更精确的 Intent
解析,UriRelativeFilterGroup
包含一组 UriRelativeFilter
对象,这些对象构成一组必须满足的 Intent
匹配规则,包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。
您可以在 AndroidManifest
XML 文件中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group>
标记来定义这些规则,该标记可以包含 android:allow
标记。这些代码可以包含使用现有数据代码属性以及 android:query
和 android:fragment
属性的 <data>
代码。
下面是一个 AndroidManifest
语法示例:
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:scheme="http" />
<data android:scheme="https" />
<data android:domain="astore.com" />
<uri-relative-filter-group>
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:query="region=na" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
<uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
<uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>
Личное пространство
Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.
Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.
Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).
When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.
We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:
- Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
- Medical apps
- Launcher apps
- App store apps
Запросить последний выбор пользователя для доступа к выбранным фотографиям
Apps can now highlight only the most-recently-selected photos and videos when
partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve
the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and
videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the
QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY
argument when querying MediaStore
through ContentResolver
.
Kotlin
val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external") val mediaColumns = arrayOf( FileColumns._ID, FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, FileColumns.MIME_TYPE, ) val queryArgs = bundleOf( // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access) QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true, // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC", QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?", QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf( FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(), FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString() ) )
Java
Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external"); String[] mediaColumns = { FileColumns._ID, FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, FileColumns.MIME_TYPE }; Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle(); queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true); queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC"); queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?"); queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] { String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE), String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) });
Песочница конфиденциальности на Android
Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序,以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术,以便更好地保护用户隐私,并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划,以帮助您开始使用。
Здоровье Connect
Android 15 集成了与 Health Connect by Android 相关的最新扩展程序。Health Connect by Android 是一个安全的集中式平台,可用于管理和共享应用收集的健康与健身数据。此次更新 增加了对健身、 营养、体表温度、训练计划等。
体表温度追踪功能让用户可以更精确地存储和分享体表温度 来自穿戴式设备或其他跟踪设备的体温数据。
训练计划是一种结构化的锻炼计划,可帮助用户实现健身目标。训练计划支持各种完成和表现目标:
如需详细了解 Android 中 Health Connect 的最新更新,请参阅 利用 Android 打造自适应体验 健康演讲。
Совместное использование экрана приложения
Android 15 支持应用屏幕共享,因此用户可以仅共享或录制应用窗口,而不是整个设备屏幕。此功能首次在 Android 14 QPR2 中启用,包含 MediaProjection
回调,可让您的应用自定义应用屏幕共享体验。请注意,对于以 Android 14(API 级别 34)或更高版本为目标平台的应用,每个 MediaProjection
捕获会话都需要征得用户同意。
Пользовательский опыт и системный интерфейс
Android 15 предоставляет разработчикам приложений и пользователям больше контроля и гибкости в настройке устройства в соответствии со своими потребностями.
Чтобы узнать больше о том, как использовать последние улучшения в Android 15 для улучшения пользовательского опыта вашего приложения, ознакомьтесь с докладом Google I/O «Улучшите пользовательский интерфейс вашего Android-приложения» .
Более расширенный предварительный просмотр виджетов с помощью Generated Previews API
在 Android 15 之前,提供微件选择器预览的唯一方法是指定静态图片或布局资源。这些预览通常与放置在主屏幕上的实际 widget 的外观大不相同。此外,由于无法使用 Jetpack Glance 创建静态资源,因此“资讯一览” 开发者必须为其微件截屏或创建 XML 布局, 微件预览。
Android 15 添加了对生成的预览的支持。这意味着,应用微件提供程序可以生成 RemoteViews
以用作选择器预览,而不是静态资源。
推送 API
应用可以通过推送 API 提供生成的预览。应用可以提供
预览,并且不会收到明确的请求,
以提供预览。预览会保留在 AppWidgetService
中,并且主持人可以按需请求预览。以下示例加载了一个 XML 微件
并将其设置为预览:
AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
ComponentName(
appContext,
SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
),
AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)
预期的流程如下:
- 任何时候,widget 提供程序都会调用
setWidgetPreview
。提供的预览会与其他提供方信息一起保留在AppWidgetService
中。 setWidgetPreview
会通过AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged
回调。作为回应,微件宿主会重新加载其所有提供方信息。- 显示微件预览时,主机会检查
AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories
,如果所选类别可用,则调用AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview
以返回此提供程序的已保存预览。
何时调用 setWidgetPreview
由于没有用于提供预览的回调,因此应用可以选择在运行期间的任何时间发送预览。预览的更新频率取决于微件的用例。
以下列表介绍了两大类预览用例:
- 在 widget 预览中显示真实数据(例如个性化数据)的提供程序 或最新信息。这些提供商可以设置预览 已登录 Google 账号或已在其应用中完成初始配置。之后 可以设置一项定期任务,按照所选的节奏更新预览。 此类 widget 的示例包括照片、日历、天气或新闻 widget。
- 在预览中显示静态信息或不显示任何数据的快捷操作 widget 的提供程序。这些提供程序可以在应用首次启动时设置预览一次。例如,快速开车便是此类微件的示例 操作 widget 或 Chrome 快捷方式 widget。
某些提供商可能会在基座接入模式选择器上显示静态预览,但真实的 信息。这些提供商应遵循指南 设置预览
Картинка в картинке
Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.
Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged
callback to define logic
that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is
triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in
Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState
class includes another state.
With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the
Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged
callback being invoked with
isTransitioningToPip()
as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are
many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for
example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming
video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the
onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged
callback to hide these UI elements. When the
app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use
onPictureInPictureModeChanged
callback to unhide these elements, as shown in
the following examples:
override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
// Hide UI elements
}
}
override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
// Unhide UI elements
}
}
This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.
Улучшенные правила «Не беспокоить»
AutomaticZenRule
lets apps customize Attention
Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate
them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the
user experience. The following enhancements are included:
- Adding types to
AutomaticZenRule
, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules. - Adding an icon to
AutomaticZenRule
, helping to make the modes be more recognizable. - Adding a
triggerDescription
string toAutomaticZenRule
that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user. - Added
ZenDeviceEffects
toAutomaticZenRule
, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.
Установите VibrationEffect для каналов уведомлений.
Android 15 支持为传入的通知设置丰富的振动,方法是
频道使用的是NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect
,因此
您的用户可以区分不同类型的通知
不需要看他们的设备
Чип строки состояния медиапроекции и автоматическая остановка
Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.
Большие экраны и форм-факторы
Android 15 предоставляет вашим приложениям поддержку, позволяющую максимально эффективно использовать форм-факторы Android, включая большие экраны, раскладные и складные устройства.
Улучшена многозадачность на большом экране.
Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.
Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.
Поддержка обложки экрана
您的应用可以声明一项属性,Android 15 会使用该属性将您的 Application
或 Activity
呈现在支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小,无法被视为 Android 应用的兼容目标,但您的应用可以选择支持这些屏幕,从而让您的应用可在更多位置使用。
Возможности подключения
Android 15 обновляет платформу, предоставляя вашему приложению доступ к новейшим достижениям в области связи и беспроводных технологий.
Спутниковая поддержка
Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.
Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork()
to
detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of
why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15
provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use
satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.
Более плавная работа с NFC
Android 15 致力于打造更顺畅、更可靠的感应式付款体验,同时继续支持 Android 强大的 NFC 应用生态系统。在受支持的设备上,应用可以请求 NfcAdapter
进入观察模式。在该模式下,设备会监听 NFC 读取器但不会响应 NFC 读取器,从而将应用的 NFC 服务 PollingFrame
对象发送给系统进行处理。PollingFrame
对象可用于在与 NFC 读取器首次通信之前进行身份验证,以便在许多情况下实现一键交易。
此外,应用现在可以在受支持的设备上注册过滤器,以便接收轮询循环 activity 的通知,从而与多个 NFC 感知应用顺畅运行。
Роль кошелька
Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.
The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.
This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.
Безопасность
Android 15 помогает повысить безопасность вашего приложения, защитить его данные, а также предоставляет пользователям большую прозрачность и контроль над своими данными. Дополнительную информацию о том, что мы делаем для улучшения защиты пользователей и защиты вашего приложения от новых угроз, см. в докладе «Защита безопасности пользователей на Android» от Google I/O.
Интегрируйте диспетчер учетных данных с автозаполнением
Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.
Интегрируйте регистрацию и вход в систему одним касанием с биометрическими подсказками.
Credential Manager将生物识别提示集成到凭据创建过程中 和登录流程,这样提供商就无需管理 生物识别提示。因此,凭据提供程序只需专注于创建和获取流程的结果,并辅以生物识别流程结果。这一简化的流程创建了更高效、更精简的凭据 创建和检索过程。
Управление ключами для сквозного шифрования
我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager
,它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API,有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。
E2eeContactKeysManager
旨在与平台通讯录应用集成,使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。
Проверки разрешений для URI контента
Android 15 引入了一组可对内容 URI 执行权限检查的新 API:
Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull
:这会对内容 URI 执行完整的权限检查。Activity
清单属性requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller
:这会在 activity 启动时,对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。Activity
调用方的ComponentCaller
类:这表示启动 activity 的应用。
Доступность
В Android 15 добавлены функции, улучшающие доступность для пользователей.
Улучшенный шрифт Брайля
В Android 15 мы позволили TalkBack поддерживать дисплеи Брайля, использующие стандарт HID, как через USB, так и через защищенный Bluetooth.
Этот стандарт, очень похожий на тот, который используется в мышах и клавиатурах, со временем поможет Android поддерживать более широкий спектр дисплеев Брайля.
Интернационализация
В Android 15 добавлены функции и возможности, которые улучшают взаимодействие с пользователем при использовании устройства на разных языках.
Переменный шрифт CJK
从 Android 15 开始,中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式,并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。
Межсимвольное обоснование
从 Android 15 开始,可以通过
使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER
。“字词间的理由”原为
最初是在 Android 8.0(API 级别 26)中引入的,
Justifications 功能为使用
例如中文、日语等。
Автоматическая настройка разрыва строки
Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in
Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the
readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text.
In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines
of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO
option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.
For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same
as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE
, as shown in the
following image:
For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO
uses a no
line-break word style, functioning the same as
LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE
, as shown in the
following image:
Дополнительный японский шрифт Hentaigana
在 Android 15 中,旧版日语平假名(也称为 Hentaigana)字体文件 捆绑在一起半形人物的独特形状可以增加 风格或设计独特的风格 传播和理解古代日本文件的能力。
VideoLAN 锥形版权所有 (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN。任何人都可以使用或修改此徽标或修改版本来指代 VideoLAN 项目或 VideoLAN 团队开发的任何产品,但不表示该项目的认可。
Vulkan 和 Vulkan 徽标是 Khronos Group Inc.的注册商标。
OpenGL 是注册商标,OpenGL ES 徽标是 Khronos 许可使用的 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 商标。