功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看添加、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解添加的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档。对于 Android 15，请查找在 API 级别 35 中添加的 API。如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看会影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用和所有应用的 Android 15 行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含多种功能，可改进相机和媒体体验，并让您可以使用工具和硬件来支持创作者在 Android 设备上实现自己的愿景。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的构建现代 Android 媒体和相机体验演讲。

弱光增强

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

应用内相机控件

Android 15 添加了一个新扩展，用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法：

• 高级闪光灯强度调整，可让您在拍摄照片时精确控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下的闪光强度。

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间更好地平衡。

响度控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，这些设备使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 将 UMP 支持扩展到虚拟 MIDI 应用，使乐曲应用能够控制合成器应用 作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备，就像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样。

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d（VideoLAN 中广受欢迎的 AV1 软件解码器）现已可用于在硬件中不支持 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。dav1d 的性能比旧版 AV1 软件解码器的性能高 3 倍，可让更多用户（包括一些中低层级的设备）播放高清 AV1 视频。

目前，您的应用需要通过调用 dav1d 名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 来选择使用 dav1d。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。这项支持已标准化，并向后移植到接收 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们为提高开发者的工作效率所做的大部分工作都集中在 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具上，但我们始终在寻找各种方法，通过平台帮助您更轻松地实现愿景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 会继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进：

• 改进了 NIO 缓冲区的使用寿命
• 信息流
• 其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
• util 软件包更新，包括有序的 collection、map 和 set
• Deflater 中的 ByteBuffer 支持
• 安全更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全密钥更新

这些 API 通过 Google Play 系统更新在超过 10 亿台搭载 Android 12（API 级别 31）及更高版本的设备上进行了更新，让您能够以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

PDF 改进

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

自动切换语言的优化

Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能，可在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致单词丢失，尤其是在语言切换时，两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件，可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言，这些选项特别有用。

改进了 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the API simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

精细的换行控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

应用归档

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

切换以 16KB 页面大小启动设备开发者选项，将设备启动到 16 KB 模式。

从 Android 15 QPR1 开始，您可以使用某些设备上提供的开发者选项，以 16 KB 模式启动设备并执行设备端测试。

此开发者选项适用于以下设备：

• Pixel 8 和 Pixel 8 Pro（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
• Pixel 8a（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）

图形

Android 15 带来了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 以及 Canvas 图形系统的增强功能。

改进 Android 的 GPU 访问方式

从早期开始，核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行，GPU 通过基于固定函数流水线的 API 进行访问，Android 硬件已经发生了很大变化。从 Android 7.0（API 级别 24）开始，NDK 中就已提供 Vulkan® 图形 API。它采用较低级别的抽象，可以更好地反映现代 GPU 硬件，能够更好地进行扩展以支持多个 CPU 核心，并可减少 CPU 驱动程序开销，从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 的 GPU 首选接口。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层，用于在 Vulkan 上运行 OpenGL® ES。迁移到 ANGLE 会将 Android OpenGL 实现标准化，以提高兼容性，在某些情况下还可提升性能。您可以使用 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能，方法是在 Android 15 上依次点击设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能：启用 ANGLE，启用开发者选项。

Vulkan 上的 Android ANGLE 路线图

作为简化 GPU 堆栈的一部分，今后我们将在更多新设备上以 GL 系统驱动程序的形式提供 ANGLE，预计未来将只能通过 ANGLE 使用 OpenGL/ES。不过，我们计划在所有设备上继续支持 OpenGL ES。

建议的后续措施

使用开发者选项选择适用于 OpenGL ES 的 ANGLE 驱动程序并测试您的应用。对于新项目，我们强烈建议您使用适用于 C/C++ 的 Vulkan。

改进了画布

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并增添了新功能：

• Matrix44 提供了一个用于转换坐标的 4x4 矩阵，当您想要处理 3D 画布时，应使用此矩阵。
• clipShader 将当前裁剪与指定着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将裁剪设置为当前裁剪和着色器的差异，其中各自将着色器视为 Alpha 蒙版。这有助于高效绘制复杂形状。

性能和电池

Android 将继续专注于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了一些 API，可帮助您更高效地执行应用中的任务、优化应用性能，以及收集有关应用的数据分析。

如需了解省电最佳实践、调试网络和功耗，以及详细了解我们如何在 Android 15 及较新版本的 Android 中提高后台工作的电池效率，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的 Improving battery efficiency of background work on Android 演讲。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

详细的应用大小信息

自 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）起，Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节，这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件（例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码）的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言，此数字并不富有见解。

Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间，包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

由应用管理的性能分析

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隐私设置

Android 15 包含多种功能，可帮助应用开发者保护用户隐私。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 增加了对应用的支持，以检测 正在录制。每当应用转换时，系统都会调用回调 在屏幕录制内容中处于可见与隐藏状态之间。如果正在记录注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity，则系统会将应用视为可见。这样一来，如果您的应用执行敏感操作，您就可以告知用户正在录制他们的操作。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展了 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup 支持更精确的 Intent 解析，UriRelativeFilterGroup 包含一组 UriRelativeFilter 对象，这些对象构成一组必须满足的 Intent 匹配规则，包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。

您可以在 AndroidManifest XML 文件中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group> 标记来定义这些规则，该标记可以包含 android:allow 标记。这些代码可以包含使用现有数据代码属性以及 android:query 和 android:fragment 属性的 <data> 代码。

下面是一个 AndroidManifest 语法示例：

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

• Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
• Medical apps
• Launcher apps
• App store apps

查询用户对“选择照片访问权限”的最新选择

现在，如果应用获得了部分访问权限，则只能突出显示最近选择的照片和视频。此功能可以改善频繁请求访问照片和视频的应用的用户体验。如需在应用中使用此功能，请在通过 ContentResolver 查询 MediaStore 时启用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 参数。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序，以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术，以便更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

分享应用界面

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 可让应用开发者和用户更好地控制和灵活地配置设备，以满足他们的需求。

如需详细了解如何利用 Android 15 中的最新改进来提升应用的用户体验，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验演讲。

使用 Generated Previews API 实现更丰富的微件预览

在 Android 15 之前，提供微件选择器预览的唯一方法是指定静态图片或布局资源。这些预览通常与放置在主屏幕上的实际 widget 的外观大不相同。此外，由于无法使用 Jetpack Glance 创建静态资源，因此“资讯一览” 开发者必须为其微件截屏或创建 XML 布局， 微件预览。

Android 15 添加了对生成的预览的支持。这意味着，应用微件提供程序可以生成 RemoteViews 以用作选择器预览，而不是静态资源。

应用可以向微件选择器提供远程视图， 更新选择器中的内容，使其更能代表用户的内容 看到的内容。

推送 API

应用可以通过推送 API 提供生成的预览。应用可以提供 预览，并且不会收到明确的请求， 以提供预览。预览会保留在 AppWidgetService 中，并且主持人可以按需请求预览。以下示例加载了一个 XML 微件 并将其设置为预览：

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

预期的流程如下：

1. 任何时候，widget 提供程序都会调用 setWidgetPreview。提供的预览会与其他提供方信息一起保留在 AppWidgetService 中。
2. setWidgetPreview 会通过 AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged 回调。作为回应，微件宿主会重新加载其所有提供方信息。
3. 显示微件预览时，主机会检查 AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories，如果所选类别可用，则调用 AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview 以返回此提供程序的已保存预览。

何时调用 setWidgetPreview

由于没有用于提供预览的回调，因此应用可以选择在运行期间的任何时间发送预览。预览的更新频率取决于微件的用例。

以下列表介绍了两大类预览用例：

• 在 widget 预览中显示真实数据（例如个性化数据）的提供程序 或最新信息。这些提供商可以设置预览 已登录 Google 账号或已在其应用中完成初始配置。之后 可以设置一项定期任务，按照所选的节奏更新预览。 此类 widget 的示例包括照片、日历、天气或新闻 widget。
• 在预览中显示静态信息或不显示任何数据的快捷操作 widget 的提供程序。这些提供程序可以在应用首次启动时设置预览一次。例如，快速开车便是此类微件的示例 操作 widget 或 Chrome 快捷方式 widget。

某些提供商可能会在基座接入模式选择器上显示静态预览，但真实的 信息。这些提供商应遵循指南 设置预览

画中画

Android 15 对画中画 (PiP) 模式进行了更改，确保在进入画中画模式时实现更流畅的转换。对于在主界面上叠加界面元素的应用，这将非常有用，因为这些元素会进入 PiP。

开发者使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来定义用于切换叠加界面元素可见性的逻辑。当 PiP 进入或退出动画完成时，系统会触发此回调。从 Android 15 开始，PictureInPictureUiState 类包含另一种状态。

在这种界面状态下，以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台的应用会在画中画动画开始后立即观察到使用 isTransitioningToPip() 调用的 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调。在 PiP 模式下，许多界面元素与应用无关，例如包含建议、即将播放的视频、评分和标题等信息的视图或布局。当应用进入画中画模式时，请使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调隐藏这些界面元素。当应用从画中画窗口进入全屏模式时，请使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调取消隐藏这些元素，如以下示例所示：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

不相关界面元素（适用于画中画窗口）的这种快速可见性切换有助于确保画中画进入动画更流畅、不闪烁。

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支持为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，方法是 频道使用的是NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect，因此 您的用户可以区分不同类型的通知 不需要看他们的设备

媒体投影状态栏条状标签和自动停止

Note: This feature is included on devices running Android 15 QPR1 or higher.

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

Status bar chip for screen sharing, casting, and recording.

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 为您的应用提供了支持，可充分利用 Android 的各种外形规格，包括大屏设备、翻盖设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏幕多任务处理

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

支持封面屏幕

您的应用可以声明一项属性，Android 15 会使用该属性将您的 Application 或 Activity 呈现在支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为 Android 应用的兼容目标，但您的应用可以选择支持这些屏幕，从而让您的应用可在更多位置使用。

连接

Android 15 更新了平台，让您的应用能够使用最新的通信和无线技术。

卫星支持

Android 15 继续扩大对卫星连接的平台支持，并包含一些界面元素，以确保在整个卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 执行以下操作： 检测设备是否连接到卫星，让他们更清楚地了解 可能会导致完全网络服务不可用的原因此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接发送和接收消息。

当设备连接到卫星时，系统会显示通知。

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

钱包角色

Android 15 引入了一个新的钱包角色，可让您与用户首选的钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色取代了 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以通过导航到设置 > 应用 > 默认应用来管理 Google 钱包角色持有者。

在为付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 触碰时，可使用“钱包”角色。除非已在前台运行为同一 AID 注册的另一个应用，否则点按操作会始终转到钱包角色持有者。

此角色还可用于确定钱包“快速访问”功能块在启用后应转到的位置。当角色设置为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且付款类别 NFC 触碰仅会传送到前台应用。

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用的安全性、保护应用的数据，并让用户更清楚地了解并更好地控制其数据。观看 Google I/O 大会上的保护 Android 用户安全演讲，详细了解我们为改进用户保护措施并保护您的应用免受新威胁而采取的措施。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager将生物识别提示集成到凭据创建过程中 和登录流程，这样提供商就无需管理 生物识别提示。因此，凭据提供程序只需专注于创建和获取流程的结果，并辅以生物识别流程结果。这一简化的流程创建了更高效、更精简的凭据 创建和检索过程。

端到端加密的密钥管理

我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager，它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。

对内容 URI 的权限检查

Android 15 引入了一组可对内容 URI 执行权限检查的新 API：

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：这会对内容 URI 执行完整的权限检查。
• Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：这会在 activity 启动时，对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
• Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：这表示启动 activity 的应用。

无障碍

Android 15 添加了一些功能，可为用户改善无障碍体验。

改进盲文

在 Android 15 中，TalkBack 可以支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，有助于 Android 随着时间的推移而支持更广泛的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 添加了一些功能，可在用户使用不同语言使用设备时提升用户体验。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式，并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。

中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的可变字体在不同字体宽度下的显示效果。

字符间两端对齐

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自动换行配置

Android 从以下语言开始支持基于短语的日语和韩语换行： Android 13（API 级别 33）。不过，虽然基于短语的行分隔符可以提高短文本行的可读性，但对于长文本行，效果并不理想。在 Android 15 中，应用只能使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 选项，针对短文本行应用基于短语的行分隔符。此选项会为文本选择最佳字词样式选项。

对于短文本行，则使用基于短语的换行符，功能相同 为 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE，如 以下图片：

对于短文本行，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 应用基于短语的换行符，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE。

对于较长的文本行，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 会使用 no 换行字词样式， LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE，如 以下图片：

对于较长的文本，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 应用不换行的字词样式，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE。

额外的日语 hentaigana 字体

在 Android 15 中，旧版日语平假名（也称为 Hentaigana）字体文件 捆绑在一起半形人物的独特形状可以增加 风格或设计独特的风格 传播和理解古代日本文件的能力。

日文半角字符和文本样式 字体。

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