Ringkasan Fitur dan API

Android 15 memperkenalkan fitur dan API yang hebat untuk developer. Bagian berikut merangkum fitur-fitur ini untuk membantu Anda memulai API terkait.

Untuk melihat daftar mendetail tentang API yang ditambahkan, diubah, dan dihapus, baca laporan perbedaan API. Untuk mengetahui detail tentang API yang ditambahkan, buka referensi API Android — untuk Android 15, cari API yang ditambahkan di API level 35. Untuk mempelajari area tempat perubahan platform dapat memengaruhi aplikasi Anda, pastikan untuk memeriksa perubahan perilaku Android 15 untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 dan untuk semua aplikasi.

Kamera dan media

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang meningkatkan pengalaman kamera dan media serta memberi Anda akses ke alat dan hardware untuk mendukung kreator dalam mewujudkan visi mereka di Android.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang fitur terbaru dan solusi developer untuk media dan kamera Android, lihat presentasi Membuat pengalaman media dan kamera Android modern dari Google I/O.

Peningkatan Cahaya Redup

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

Kontrol kamera dalam aplikasi

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

• Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

Kontrol headroom HDR

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的网页（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的消息应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。在 Android 15 中，您可以使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以便在 SDR 内容和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上的 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕上的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间实现更好的平衡。

Kontrol volume

Android 15 memperkenalkan dukungan untuk standar kenyaringan CTA-2075 guna membantu Anda menghindari inkonsistensi kenyaringan audio dan memastikan pengguna tidak perlu terus-menerus menyesuaikan volume saat beralih antarkonten. Sistem ini memanfaatkan informasi karakteristik perangkat output (headphone dan speaker) beserta metadata kenyaringan yang tersedia dalam konten audio AAC untuk menyesuaikan secara cerdas tingkat kenyaringan audio dan rentang dinamis.

Untuk mengaktifkan fitur ini, pastikan metadata kenyaringan tersedia di konten AAC dan mengaktifkan fitur platform di aplikasi Anda. Untuk itu, Anda dapat Buat instance objek LoudnessCodecController dengan memanggil metode factory create-nya dengan audio ID sesi dari AudioTrack terkait; ingin otomatis mulai menerapkan pembaruan audio. Anda dapat meneruskan OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener untuk mengubah atau memfilter parameter volume sebelum diterapkan di MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer juga akan diupdate untuk menggunakan LoudnessCodecController API untuk integrasi aplikasi yang lancar.

Perangkat MIDI 2.0 virtual

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

Decoding software AV1 yang lebih efisien

dav1d, the popular AV1 software decoder from VideoLAN is available for Android devices that don't support AV1 decode in hardware. dav1d is up to 3x more performant than the legacy AV1 software decoder, enabling HD AV1 playback for more users, including some low and mid tier devices.

Your app needs to opt-in to using dav1d by invoking it by name "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d will be made the default AV1 software decoder in a subsequent update. This support is standardized and backported to Android 11 devices that receive Google Play system updates.

Alat dan produktivitas developer

Meskipun sebagian besar upaya kami untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Anda berfokus pada alat seperti Android Studio, Jetpack Compose, dan library Android Jetpack, kami selalu mencari cara di platform untuk membantu Anda lebih mudah mewujudkan visi Anda.

Update OpenJDK 17

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

• Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
• Streams
• Additional math and strictmath methods
• util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
• ByteBuffer support in Deflater
• Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

Peningkatan PDF

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

Pengoptimalan pengalihan bahasa otomatis

Android 14 在音频中添加了设备端多语言识别功能，并支持在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致丢失字词，尤其是当两次语音之间语言切换的间隔时间较短时。Android 15 添加了其他控件，以帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制在音频会话开始时，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 会在发生指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您预计会话期间只会使用一种语言，并且该语言应被自动检测到，这些选项会特别有用。

OpenType Variable Font API yang ditingkatkan

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。现在，您可以 基于可变字体创建 FontFamily 实例，而不指定 使用 buildVariableFamily API 绘制权重轴。文本渲染程序替换项 wght 轴的值，以与显示的文本匹配。

使用新的 API，这可以简化用于创建 Typeface 的代码 大量：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了如何同时使用新旧 API 创建 Typeface 呈现：

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 不包含 为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细 Font 实例，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在 在此示例中，系统会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450， 依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会动态创建 给定权重的 Font 实例，因此系统会渲染 350 的准确权重， 450、550 和 650。

Kontrol pemisah baris terperinci

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Pengarsipan aplikasi

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

Mengaktifkan mode 16 KB di perangkat menggunakan opsi developer

Alihkan opsi developer Booting dengan ukuran halaman 16 KB untuk mem-booting perangkat dalam mode 16 KB.

Mulai Android 15 QPR1, Anda dapat menggunakan opsi developer yang tersedia di perangkat tertentu untuk mem-booting perangkat dalam mode 16 KB dan melakukan pengujian di perangkat. Sebelum menggunakan opsi developer, buka Setelan -> Sistem -> Update software dan terapkan update yang tersedia.

Opsi developer ini tersedia di perangkat berikut:

• Pixel 8 dan 8 Pro (dengan Android 15 QPR1 atau yang lebih baru)

  Peringatan: Karena masalah umum pada Android 15 QPR2 Beta 3, layar sentuh tidak berfungsi di perangkat Pixel 8 setelah menginstal Android 15 QPR2 Beta 3 dan mem-booting perangkat dalam mode 16 KB. Masalah ini tidak memengaruhi perangkat Pixel 8 Pro.

• Pixel 8a (dengan Android 15 QPR1 atau yang lebih baru)

  Peringatan: Karena masalah umum pada Android 15 QPR2 Beta 3, layar sentuh tidak berfungsi di perangkat Pixel 8a setelah menginstal Android 15 QPR2 Beta 3 dan mem-booting perangkat dalam mode 16 KB.

• Pixel 9, 9 Pro, dan 9 Pro XL (dengan Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 atau yang lebih baru)

Grafik

Android 15 menghadirkan peningkatan grafis terbaru, termasuk ANGLE dan penambahan ke sistem grafis Kanvas.

Modernisasi akses GPU Android

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

Peningkatan untuk Canvas

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并新增了以下功能：

• Matrix44 提供一个 4x4 矩阵来转换坐标，当您想在 3D 中操控画布时，应使用此矩阵。
• clipShader 会将当前剪裁区域与指定的着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将剪裁区域设为当前剪裁区域与着色器的差值，每个操作都会将着色器视为一个 Alpha 遮罩。这支持高效地绘制复杂形状。

Performa dan baterai

Android terus berfokus untuk membantu Anda meningkatkan performa dan kualitas aplikasi. Android 15 memperkenalkan API yang membantu membuat tugas di aplikasi Anda lebih efisien untuk dijalankan, mengoptimalkan performa aplikasi, dan mengumpulkan insight tentang aplikasi Anda.

Untuk praktik terbaik yang hemat baterai, proses debug jaringan dan penggunaan daya, serta detail tentang cara kami meningkatkan efisiensi baterai pekerjaan latar belakang di Android 15 dan Android versi terbaru, lihat presentasi Meningkatkan efisiensi baterai pekerjaan latar belakang di Android dari Google I/O.

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

Informasi ukuran aplikasi mendetail

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

Pembuatan profil yang dikelola aplikasi

Android 15 menyertakan class ProfilingManager, yang memungkinkan Anda mengumpulkan informasi pembuatan profil dari dalam aplikasi seperti heap dump, profil heap, sampling stack, dan lainnya. Fitur ini memberikan callback ke aplikasi Anda dengan tag yang disediakan untuk mengidentifikasi file output, yang dikirim ke direktori file aplikasi Anda. API melakukan pembatasan kapasitas untuk meminimalkan dampak performa.

Untuk menyederhanakan pembuatan permintaan pembuatan profil di aplikasi Anda, sebaiknya gunakan AndroidX API Profiling yang sesuai, yang tersedia di Core 1.15.0-rc01 atau yang lebih tinggi.

Peningkatan database SQLite

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Update Android Dynamic Performance Framework

Android 15 继续投资于 Android 动态性能框架 (ADPF)，这是一组 API，可让游戏和性能密集型应用更为直接地与 Android 设备的电源和散热系统进行互动。在受支持的设备上，Android 15 添加了 ADPF 功能：

• 针对提示会话的节能模式，用于指明其关联的线程应优先节能而非性能，非常适合长时间运行的后台工作负载。
• 系统可以在提示会话中报告 GPU 和 CPU 工作时长，以便同时调整 CPU 和 GPU 频率，以最佳方式满足工作负载需求。
• 热余量阈值，用于根据余量预测来解读可能的热节流状态。

如需详细了解如何在应用和游戏中使用 ADPF，请参阅相关文档。

Privasi

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang membantu developer aplikasi melindungi privasi pengguna.

Deteksi perekaman layar

Android 15 增加了对应用的支持，以检测 正在录制。每当应用转换时，系统都会调用回调 在屏幕录制内容中处于可见与隐藏状态之间。如果正在记录注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity，则系统会将应用视为可见。这样一来，如果您的应用执行敏感操作，您就可以告知用户正在录制他们的操作。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Kemampuan IntentFilter yang diperluas

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Ruang privasi

可通过解锁和锁定私密空间，在设备上显示或隐藏敏感应用。

借助私密空间，用户可以在设备上创建一个单独的空间，在额外的身份验证层保护下，防止敏感应用遭到窥探。私密空间使用单独的用户个人资料。用户可以选择使用设备锁定方式或为私密空间使用单独的锁定方式。

私密空间中的应用会显示在启动器的单独容器中，并且当私密空间处于锁定状态时，这些应用不会显示在“最近用过”视图、通知、“设置”和其他应用中。用户生成的内容和下载的内容（例如媒体内容或文件）以及账号在私密空间和主空间之间是分开的。在私密空间处于解锁状态时，您可以使用系统 Sharesheet 和照片选择器向应用授予对各个空间中内容的访问权限。

用户无法将现有应用及其数据移至私密空间。相反，用户可以在私密空间中选择安装选项，以便使用他们偏好的任意应用商店安装应用。私密空间中的应用会作为主空间中任何应用的单独副本进行安装（同一应用的新副本）。

当用户锁定私密空间时，系统会停止该个人资料。在个人资料停止运行时，私密空间中的应用将不再处于活动状态，无法执行前台或后台活动，包括显示通知。

我们建议您使用私密空间测试应用，以确保应用能按预期运行，尤其是当您的应用属于以下某一类别时：

• 具有工作资料逻辑的应用：假定其应用的任何已安装副本（不在主资料中）均位于工作资料中。
• 医疗应用
• 启动器应用
• 应用商店应用

Membuat kueri pilihan pengguna terbaru untuk Akses Foto yang Dipilih

现在，如果应用获得了部分访问权限，则只能突出显示最近选择的照片和视频。此功能可以改善频繁请求访问照片和视频的应用的用户体验。如需在应用中使用此功能，请在通过 ContentResolver 查询 MediaStore 时启用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 参数。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox di Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Berbagi layar aplikasi

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

Pengalaman pengguna dan UI sistem

Android 15 memberi developer dan pengguna aplikasi kontrol dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar untuk mengonfigurasi perangkat agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka.

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut cara menggunakan peningkatan terbaru di Android 15 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Anda, lihat presentasi Meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Android dari Google I/O.

Pratinjau widget yang lebih kaya dengan Generated Previews API

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

Picture-in-Picture

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

Aturan Jangan Ganggu yang ditingkatkan

AutomaticZenRule 允许应用自定义注意力机制 管理（勿扰）规则，并确定何时启用或停用 。Android 15 极大地增强了这些规则，旨在提高 用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能：

• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加类型，让系统能够应用特殊类型 对某些规则的处理
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加图标，使模式更加丰富 易于识别。
• 将 triggerDescription 字符串添加到 AutomaticZenRule，用于描述 规则应当对用户生效的条件。
• 已添加 ZenDeviceEffects 更改为AutomaticZenRule，从而允许规则触发灰度等操作 显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸。

Menetapkan VibrationEffect untuk saluran notifikasi

Android 15 支持为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，方法是 频道使用的是NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect，因此 您的用户可以区分不同类型的通知 不需要看他们的设备

Chip status bar proyeksi media dan berhenti otomatis

注意 ：搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本的设备包含此功能。

媒体投放可能会泄露用户的私密信息。一个醒目的新状态栏条状标签可让用户了解任何正在进行的屏幕投影。用户可以点按该条状标签停止投屏、共享或录制屏幕。此外，为了提供更直观的用户体验，当设备屏幕锁定后，所有正在进行的屏幕投影都会自动停止。

Chip status bar untuk berbagi layar, transmisi, dan perekaman.

Perangkat layar besar dan faktor bentuk

Android 15 memberi aplikasi Anda dukungan untuk mendapatkan hasil maksimal dari faktor bentuk Android, termasuk perangkat layar besar, perangkat flip, dan perangkat foldable.

Multitasking layar besar yang ditingkatkan

Android 15 memberi pengguna cara yang lebih baik untuk melakukan multitasking di perangkat layar besar. Sebagai misalnya, pengguna dapat menyimpan kombinasi aplikasi layar terpisah favorit mereka dengan cepat mengakses dan menyematkan taskbar di layar untuk beralih antar-aplikasi dengan cepat. Artinya bahwa memastikan aplikasi Anda bersifat adaptif kini menjadi semakin penting.

Google I/O memiliki sesi tentang Membangun Android adaptif aplikasi dan Membangun UI dengan Material 3 library adaptif yang dapat membantu, dan dokumentasi kami memiliki lebih banyak hal untuk membantu Anda Mendesain untuk layar.

Dukungan layar sampul

Aplikasi Anda dapat mendeklarasikan properti yang digunakan Android 15 untuk memungkinkan Application atau Activity ditampilkan di layar penutup kecil perangkat yang dapat dibalik yang didukung. Layar ini terlalu kecil untuk dianggap sebagai target yang kompatibel untuk menjalankan aplikasi Android, tetapi aplikasi Anda dapat memilih untuk mendukungnya, sehingga aplikasi Anda tersedia di lebih banyak tempat.

Konektivitas

Android 15 mengupdate platform untuk memberi aplikasi Anda akses ke kemajuan terbaru dalam teknologi nirkabel dan komunikasi.

Dukungan satelit

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

Pengalaman NFC yang lebih lancar

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Peran Wallet

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

Keamanan

Android 15 membantu Anda meningkatkan keamanan aplikasi, melindungi data aplikasi, dan memberi pengguna transparansi dan kontrol yang lebih besar atas data mereka. Lihat presentasi Menjaga keamanan pengguna di Android dari Google I/O untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut upaya kami dalam meningkatkan pengamanan pengguna dan melindungi aplikasi Anda dari ancaman baru.

Mengintegrasikan Credential Manager dengan isi otomatis

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

Mengintegrasikan pendaftaran dan login sekali ketuk dengan perintah biometrik

Pengelola Kredensial mengintegrasikan perintah biometrik ke dalam pembuatan kredensial dan proses login, sehingga penyedia tidak perlu lagi mengelola prompt biometrik. Akibatnya, penyedia kredensial hanya perlu fokus pada hasil alur create dan get, yang ditambah dengan hasil alur biometrik. Proses yang disederhanakan ini menciptakan proses pembuatan dan pengambilan kredensial yang lebih efisien dan sederhana.

Pengelolaan kunci untuk enkripsi end-to-end

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

Pemeriksaan izin pada URI konten

Android 15 引入了一组用于对内容 URI 执行权限检查的 API：

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：此选项会对内容 URI 执行完整权限检查。
• Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：此属性会在 activity 启动时对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
• Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：此类表示启动 activity 的应用。

Aksesibilitas

Android 15 menambahkan fitur yang meningkatkan aksesibilitas bagi pengguna.

Braille yang Lebih Baik

In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.

This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.

Internasionalisasi

Android 15 menambahkan fitur dan kemampuan yang melengkapi pengalaman pengguna saat perangkat digunakan dalam bahasa yang berbeda.

Font variabel CJK

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

How the variable font for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages appears with different font widths.

Justifikasi antar-karakter

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Konfigurasi baris baru otomatis

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE.

Font Hentaigana Jepang Tambahan

在 Android 15 中，旧版日语平假名（也称为 Hentaigana）字体文件 捆绑在一起半形人物的独特形状可以增加 风格或设计独特的风格 传播和理解古代日本文件的能力。

日文半角字符和文本样式 字体。

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