Descripción general de las funciones y API

Android 14 incluye excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. La siguiente información te ayudará a obtener información sobre las funciones de tus apps y a comenzar a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Para obtener una lista detallada de las APIs agregadas, modificadas y quitadas, consulta el informe de diferencias de API. Para obtener detalles sobre las APIs agregadas, consulta la referencia de la API de Android. En el caso de Android 14, busca las APIs que se agregaron en el nivel de API 34. Para conocer las áreas en las que los cambios de la plataforma podrían afectar a tus apps, asegúrate de revisar los cambios en el comportamiento de Android 14 para apps orientadas a Android 14 y para todas las apps.

Internacionalización

Preferencias de idioma de las apps

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API de Grammatical Inflection

Tres mil millones de personas hablan idiomas con género, es decir, idiomas en los que las categorías gramaticales, como sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos y preposiciones, inflexionan según el género de las personas y los objetos con las que te comunicas o sobre los que hablas. Tradicionalmente, muchos idiomas con género usan el género gramatical masculino como el género predeterminado o genérico.

Dirigirse a usuarios con un género gramatical incorrecto, por ejemplo, a mujeres con género gramatical masculino, puede tener un impacto negativo en su rendimiento y actitud. Por el contrario, una IU con un lenguaje que refleja, de forma correcta, el género gramatical del usuario puede mejorar su participación y proporcionar una experiencia más personalizada y más natural.

为帮助您针对区分性别的语言构建以用户为中心的界面,Android 14 引入了 Grammatical Inflection API,让您无需重构应用便能添加对语法性别的支持。

Preferencias regionales

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accesibilidad

Escalamiento de fuente no lineal al 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Ultra HDR para imágenes

标准动态范围 (SDR) 与高动态范围 (HDR) 图片质量的示意图。

Android 14 增加了对高动态范围 (HDR) 图片的支持,此类图片可在拍照时保留来自传感器的更多信息,从而实现鲜艳的色彩和更高的对比度。Android 采用 Ultra HDR 格式,这种格式可完全向后兼容 JPEG 图片,允许应用与 HDR 图片无缝互操作,从而根据需要以标准动态范围 (SDR) 显示图片。

当您的应用为其 Activity 窗口选择使用 HDR 界面(通过清单条目或在运行时通过调用 Window.setColorMode())时,框架会自动在 HDR 界面中呈现这些图片。您还可以在支持的设备上拍摄压缩的 Ultra HDR 静态图片。从传感器中恢复的颜色越多,博文中的编辑效果就越灵活。与 Ultra HDR 图片关联的 Gainmap 可用于使用 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 渲染这些图片。

Zoom, enfoque, vista posterior y mucho más en las extensiones de cámara

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom en el sensor

CameraCharacteristics 中的 REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE 包含 SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW 时,您的应用可以使用高级传感器功能,通过使用 CaptureRequest 以及数据流用例设置为 CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW 的 RAW 目标,为剪裁后的 RAW 数据流提供与完整视野相同的像素。通过实现请求替换控件,更新后的摄像头让用户可在其他摄像头控件准备就绪之前实现缩放控制。

Audio USB sin pérdida

Android 14 开始支持无损音频格式,通过 USB 有线耳机提供发烧级体验。您可以查询 USB 设备的首选混音器属性,注册监听器以监听首选混音器属性的变化,并使用 AudioMixerAttributes 类配置混音器属性。此类表示格式,例如声道掩码、采样率和混音器行为。该类允许直接发送音频,而不进行混音、音量调整或处理效果。

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Credential Manager

Android 14 添加了 Credential Manager 作为平台 API,并通过使用 Google Play 服务的 Jetpack 库为 Android 4.4(API 级别 19)设备提供了额外的支持。凭据管理器旨在使用 API 通过用户配置的凭据提供程序检索和存储凭据,让用户更轻松地登录。凭据管理器在一个 API 中支持多种登录方法,包括用户名和密码、通行密钥和联合登录解决方案(如“使用 Google 账号登录”)。

通行密钥具有许多优势。例如,通行密钥基于业界标准构建,可在不同的操作系统和浏览器生态系统中使用,还可用于网站和应用。

如需了解详情,请参阅凭据管理器和通行密钥文档以及关于 Credential Manager 和通行密钥的博文

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Mejoras para tiendas de aplicaciones

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Paquetes de metadatos de la app

从 Android 14 开始,Android 软件包安装程序可让您指定应用元数据(例如数据安全做法),以将其添加到 Google Play 等应用商店页面。

Detecta cuando los usuarios toman capturas de pantalla del dispositivo

为了打造更加标准化的屏幕截图检测体验,Android 14 引入了可保护隐私的屏幕截图检测 API。借助此 API,应用可以按 activity 注册回调。如果用户在该 activity 可见时截取屏幕截图,系统会调用这些回调并通知用户。

Experiencia del usuario

Acciones personalizadas y clasificación mejorada de Sharesheet

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Compatibilidad con animaciones integradas y personalizadas para el gesto atrás predictivo

Video: Animaciones de atrás predictivo

En Android 13, se introdujo la animación de atrás predictivo a la página principal detrás de una opción para desarrolladores. Cuando se usa en una app compatible que tiene habilitada la opción para desarrolladores, al deslizar hacia atrás, se muestra una animación que indica que el gesto de retroceso permite cerrar la app y regresar a la pantalla principal.

Android 14 incluye varias mejoras y orientación nueva para el gesto atrás predictivo:

Con esta versión preliminar de Android 14, todas las funciones de atrás predictivo permanecen detrás de una opción para desarrolladores. Consulta la guía para desarrolladores para migrar tu app al gesto atrás predictivo, así como la guía para desarrolladores para crear transiciones personalizadas en la app.

Anulaciones por app del fabricante de dispositivos con pantalla grande

借助按应用替换项,设备制造商可以更改应用在大屏设备上的行为。例如,FORCE_RESIZE_APP 替换项会指示系统调整应用大小以适应显示屏尺寸(避免进入尺寸兼容模式),即使在应用清单中设置了 resizeableActivity="false" 也是如此。

替换项旨在改善大屏设备上的用户体验。

借助新的清单属性,您可以为应用停用某些设备制造商替换项。

Anulaciones por app para usuarios de pantallas grandes

按应用替换会更改大屏设备上应用的行为。例如,无论应用的配置如何,OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE 设备制造商替换项都会将应用宽高比设置为 16:9。

Android 14 QPR1 允许用户在大屏设备上通过新的设置菜单应用按应用替换项。

Compartir pantalla de una app

应用屏幕共享功能让用户能够在录制屏幕内容期间共享应用窗口,而非整个设备屏幕。

使用应用屏幕共享时,状态栏、导航栏、通知和其他系统界面元素会从共享显示屏中排除。系统只会分享所选应用的内容。

应用屏幕共享可让用户运行多个应用,但仅限单个应用共享内容,从而提高效率和隐私性。

Respuesta inteligente potenciada por LLM en Gboard en el Pixel 8 Pro

在附带 12 月功能更新版的 Pixel 8 Pro 设备上,开发者可以在 Gboard 中体验更优质的智能回复,该功能由在 Google Tensor 上运行的设备端大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供支持。

此功能目前仅在 WhatsApp、Line 和 KakaoTalk 中推出美式英语的有限预览版。该功能需要使用一部支持 Gboard 的 Pixel 8 Pro 设备作为键盘。

如需试用,请先依次选择设置 > 开发者选项 > AiCore 设置 > 启用 Aicore Persistent 以启用该功能。

接下来,在受支持的应用中打开对话,以在 Gboard 的建议栏中看到由 LLM 提供支持的智能回复,以便响应收到的消息。

Gboard 利用设备端 LLM 提供更优质的智能回复。

Gráficos

Las rutas de acceso son interpolables y consultables

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Mallas personalizadas con sombreadores de vértices y fragmentos

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderizador de búfer de hardware para Canvas

Para ayudar a usar la API de Canvas de Android y dibujar con aceleración de hardware en un HardwareBuffer, Android 14 presenta HardwareBufferRenderer. Esta API es particularmente útil cuando tu caso de uso involucra la comunicación con el sistema a través de SurfaceControl para una latencia baja dibujo.