功能與 API 總覽

Android 14 為開發人員推出了強大的功能和 API。以下資訊可協助您瞭解應用程式功能,並開始使用相關的 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單,請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API,請參閱 Android API 參考資料。如果是 Android 14,請找出 API 級別 34 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響,請務必查看指定 Android 14 的應用程式所有應用程式 的 Android 14 行為變更。

國際化

個別應用程式語言偏好

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

文法轉變 API

30 億人使用性別化語言:即名詞、動詞、形容詞和介系詞會隨著交談或談論對像或目標的性別,而有不同變化的文法類別語言。一般來說,許多性別化語言都會使用陽性文法性別做為預設或通用性別。

若以錯誤的文法性別稱呼使用者,例如:以陽性文法性別稱呼女性,可能會對其表現和態度產生負面影響。相反地,如果使用者介面的用語正確反映了使用者的文法性別,便可提高使用者參與度,同時提供更個人化且更自然親切的使用者體驗。

为帮助您针对区分性别的语言构建以用户为中心的界面,Android 14 引入了 Grammatical Inflection API,让您无需重构应用便能添加对语法性别的支持。

地區偏好設定

地區偏好設定可讓使用者自訂溫度單位,這是第一項 包括星期幾和編號系統住在美國的歐洲人 最好將溫度單位設定為攝氏,而非華氏, 應用程式,將星期一視為一週的起始日,而非美國的預設設定。 週日。

全新 Android 設定選單是針對這些偏好設定設計,可讓使用者透過集中的管理位置自行探索,並視需要變更應用程式的偏好設定。即使裝置經過備份與還原,這些偏好設定也不會改變。有幾個 API 和 意圖 (例如 getTemperatureUnit敬上 和 getFirstDayOfWeek: 授予應用程式讀取使用者偏好設定的權限,以便應用程式調整其運作方式 顯示資訊。您也可以註冊 BroadcastReceiver已開啟 ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED 處理地區偏好設定變更時的地區設定變更。

如要找到這些設定,請開啟「設定」應用程式,並依序前往 [系統] > [ 語言與輸入 >地區偏好設定

Android 系統設定中的地區偏好設定畫面。
Android 系統中地區偏好設定的溫度選項 可以管理叢集設定,像是節點 資源調度、安全性和其他預先設定項目

無障礙設定

非線性字型縮放至 200%

从 Android 14 开始,系统支持字体放大高达 200%,为弱视用户提供了符合网络内容无障碍指南 (WCAG) 的其他无障碍选项。

为防止屏幕上的大文本元素放大过大,系统会采用非线性放大曲线。这种放大策略意味着大号文本的放大比例不会与较小的文本相同。非线性字体缩放有助于保持不同大小元素之间的比例层次结构,同时缓解高级别线性文本缩放的问题(例如文本被截断或文本因超大显示大小而难以阅读)。

使用非线性字体放大测试应用

在设备的无障碍设置中启用最大字号,以测试应用。

如果您已经使用放大像素 (sp) 单位来定义文本大小,那么这些额外的选项和缩放改进会自动应用于应用中的文本。但是,您仍然应该在启用最大字体大小 (200%) 的情况下执行界面测试,以确保应用正确应用字体大小,并且可以适应更大的字体大小,而不影响易用性。

要启用 200% 字号,请按以下步骤操作:

  1. 打开“设置”应用,然后依次前往无障碍 > 显示大小和文字
  2. 字号选项中,点按加号 (+) 图标,直到启用最大字号设置,如本部分随附的图片所示。

针对文本大小使用放大像素 (sp) 单位

请务必始终以 sp 为单位指定文本大小。当应用使用 sp 单位时,Android 可以应用用户的首选文本大小并相应地缩放。

不要为内边距使用 sp 单位,也不假设隐式内边距定义视图高度:使用非线性字体缩放 sp 尺寸可能不成比例,因此 4sp + 20sp 可能不等于 24sp。

转换放大像素 (sp) 单位

使用 TypedValue.applyDimension() 从 sp 单位转换为像素,并使用 TypedValue.deriveDimension() 将像素转换为 sp。这些方法会自动应用适当的非线性缩放曲线。

避免使用 Configuration.fontScaleDisplayMetrics.scaledDensity 对方程进行硬编码。由于字体缩放是非线性的,因此 scaledDensity 字段不再准确。fontScale 字段应仅用于提供信息,因为字体不再使用单个标量值进行缩放。

对 lineHeight 使用 sp 单位

始终使用 sp 单位(而非 dp)定义 android:lineHeight,以便行高随文本一起缩放。否则,如果您的文本为 sp,而 lineHeight 以 dp 或 px 为单位,则文本无法缩放且看起来狭窄。TextView 会自动更正 lineHeight 以保留您预期的比例,但前提是以 sp 为单位同时定义 textSizelineHeight

相機和媒體

圖片的 Ultra HDR

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

相機擴充功能中的縮放、聚焦、後視鏡等功能

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

感應器內縮放

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

無損 USB 音訊

Android 14 开始支持无损音频格式,通过 USB 有线耳机提供发烧级体验。您可以查询 USB 设备的首选混音器属性,注册监听器以监听首选混音器属性的变化,并使用 AudioMixerAttributes 类配置混音器属性。此类表示格式,例如声道掩码、采样率和混音器行为。该类允许直接发送音频,而不进行混音、音量调整或处理效果。

開發人員工作效率和工具

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect 是裝置端的存放區,存放使用者健康與健身資料。可讓使用者在喜愛的應用程式之間共用資料,並集中控管要與這些應用程式分享哪些資料。

在搭載 Android 14 之前版本的裝置上,您可以在 Google Play 商店中以應用程式形式下載 Health Connect。從 Android 14 開始,Health Connect 是平台的一部分,而且不需另外下載,即可透過 Google Play 系統更新接收更新。如此一來,Health Connect 就可以經常更新,而應用程式必須有搭載 Android 14 以上版本的裝置提供 Health Connect。使用者可透過裝置的「設定」存取 Health Connect,並將隱私權控制項整合至系統設定。

使用者不必另外下載應用程式,就能在搭載 Android 14 以上版本的裝置上開始使用 Health Connect。
使用者可以透過系統設定,控管哪些應用程式可存取其健康與健身資料。

Health Connect 提供 Android 14 的幾項新功能 (例如運動路線),可讓使用者分享健身路線,並透過地圖查看路線。路線是指在一段時間內儲存的位置清單,應用程式可以在運動時段中插入路徑並結合。為確保使用者能完全控管這類機密資料,使用者必須允許與其他應用程式共用個別路徑。

詳情請參閱 Health Connection 說明文件和「Android Health 有哪些新功能」網誌文章。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

應用程式商店改善項目

Android 14 導入了幾項 PackageInstaller API,可讓應用程式商店改善使用者體驗。

在下載之前要求安裝核准

安裝或更新應用程式可能需要使用者核准。舉例來說,當安裝程式使用 REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES 權限嘗試安裝新的應用程式時。在先前的 Android 版本中,應用程式商店只能在寫入 APK 寫入安裝工作階段提交工作階段後,才能要求使用者核准。

自 Android 14 起,requestUserPreapproval() 方法可讓安裝程式在履行安裝工作階段之前要求使用者核准。此改善項目讓應用程式商店將下載任何 APK 的時間延後,直到使用者核准安裝為止。此外,在使用者核准安裝後,應用程式商店可以在背景下載並安裝應用程式,避免對使用者造成困擾。

聲明日後更新的責任

setRequestUpdateOwnership() 方法可讓安裝程式向系統表示,日後為應用程式安裝的更新皆由其負責。這項功能可強制執行更新擁有權,這表示只有更新擁有者才能安裝應用程式的自動更新。強制更新擁有權有助於確保使用者只會從預期的應用程式商店收到更新。

任何其他安裝程式 (包括使用 INSTALL_PACKAGES 權限的安裝程式) 都必須明確獲得使用者核准,才能安裝更新。如果使用者決定繼續執行其他來源的更新,則將失去更新的擁有權。

在較不受干擾的情況下更新應用程式

一般來說,應用程式商店會希望避免更新正在使用中的應用程式,以免導致應用程式正在執行的程序終止,進而中斷使用者正在執行的操作。

自 Android 14 起,InstallConstraints API 可讓安裝程式確保應用程式更新作業能在適當時機執行。舉例來說,應用程式商店可以呼叫 commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() 方法,確保只有在使用者不再與有問題的應用程式互動時,才會確認更新。

順利安裝選用分割項目

使用分割 APK 時,應用程式的功能可透過個別 APK 檔案提供,而不是以單體 APK 的形式提供。分割 APK 可讓應用程式商店以最佳方式提供不同的應用程式元件。例如,應用程式商店可能會根據目標裝置的屬性進行最佳化。自 API 級別 22 推出以來,PackageInstaller API 已支援分割。

在 Android 14 中,setDontKillApp() 方法可讓安裝程式指出在安裝新的分割項目時,不應導致應用程式執行中的處理程序終止。應用程式商店可在使用者使用應用程式時,透過這項功能順利安裝應用程式的新功能。

應用程式中繼資料套件

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

在使用者擷取裝置螢幕畫面時偵測

为了打造更加标准化的屏幕截图检测体验,Android 14 引入了可保护隐私的屏幕截图检测 API。借助此 API,应用可以按 activity 注册回调。如果用户在该 activity 可见时截取屏幕截图,系统会调用这些回调并通知用户。

使用者體驗

Sharesheet 自訂動作與改善排名

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

支援預測返回功能的內建和自訂動畫

影片:預測返回動畫

Android 13 推出了在開發人員選項背後顯示「預測返回主畫面」動畫的功能。只要使用支援的應用程式,並啟用開發人員選項,當您執行滑動返回的操作時,系統就會顯示動畫,指出返回手勢可讓應用程式結束並返回主畫面。

Android 14 內含多項改善項目,並提供有關預測返回手勢的全新指南:

在這個 Android 14 預先發布版本中,所有預測返回相關功能都保留在開發人員選項後方。請參閱開發人員指南,瞭解如何讓應用程式改用預測返回功能,以及如何建立自訂的應用程式內轉場效果

大螢幕裝置製造商個別應用程式覆寫值

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

大螢幕使用者個別應用程式覆寫值

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

分享應用程式畫面

应用屏幕共享功能让用户能够在录制屏幕内容期间共享应用窗口,而非整个设备屏幕。

使用应用屏幕共享时,状态栏、导航栏、通知和其他系统界面元素会从共享显示屏中排除。系统只会分享所选应用的内容。

应用屏幕共享可让用户运行多个应用,但仅限单个应用共享内容,从而提高效率和隐私性。

在 Pixel 8 Pro 上使用 LLM 技術支援的 Gboard 智慧回覆功能

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

圖形

路徑可供查詢及內插

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

使用頂點和片段著色器的自訂網格

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

適用於 Canvas 的硬體緩衝區轉譯器

為協助使用 Android 的 Canvas API 以硬體加速繪製至 HardwareBuffer,Android 14 推出了 HardwareBufferRenderer。如果您的用途涉及透過 SurfaceControl 與系統合成器通訊,以便繪製低延遲畫面,這個 API 就特別實用。