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Panoramica di funzionalità e API

Android 15 introduce nuove fantastiche funzionalità e API per gli sviluppatori. Le seguenti sezioni riassumono queste funzionalità per aiutarti a iniziare a utilizzare le API correlate.

Per un elenco dettagliato delle API nuove, modificate e rimosse, leggi il report sulle differenze delle API. Per maggiori dettagli sulle nuove API, visita il Riferimento API Android. Le nuove API sono evidenziate per garantire la visibilità. Inoltre, per saperne di più sulle aree in cui le modifiche alla piattaforma potrebbero interessare le tue app, assicurati di esaminare le modifiche al comportamento di Android 15 che interessano le app quando hanno come target Android 15 e i cambiamenti di comportamento che interessano tutte le app indipendentemente da targetSdkVersion.

Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali

Android 15 include una serie di funzionalità che migliorano l'esperienza con la fotocamera e i contenuti multimediali e ti danno accesso a strumenti e hardware per aiutare i creator a trasformare la loro vision su Android.

Per ulteriori informazioni sulle ultime funzionalità e soluzioni per sviluppatori per contenuti multimediali e fotocamere Android, consulta l'articolo sulla creazione di esperienze con fotocamera e media Android moderni da Google I/O.

Aumento luce

Android 15 引入了低光增强，这是一种新的自动曝光模式，可供 Camera 2 和夜间模式相机扩展使用。“低光增强”功能可调整预览视频流在弱光条件下的曝光量。这与夜间模式相机扩展程序创建静态图片的方式不同，因为夜间模式会组合多张照片来制作单张增强图片。虽然夜间模式非常适合创建静态图片，但无法创建连续的帧流，但“低光增强”可以。因此，“低光增强”可以实现新的相机功能，例如：

提供增强的图片预览，以便用户更好地为弱光环境取景
在光线昏暗的环境下扫描二维码

如果您启用“弱光增强”，它会在光线较暗时自动开启，在光线较暗时关闭。

应用可以在光线昏暗的环境下录制预览流，以保存明亮的视频。

有关详情，请参阅弱光增强。

Controlli della fotocamera in-app

Android 15 添加了一个新扩展，用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法：

高级闪光灯强度调整，可让您在拍摄照片时精确控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下的闪光强度。

Controllo dell'headroom HDR

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间更好地平衡。

Controllo del volume

Android 15 引入了对 CTA-2075 音量标准的支持，以帮助您避免音频音量不一致，并确保用户在切换内容时无需不断调整音量。系统利用输出设备（耳机和扬声器）的已知特征以及 AAC 音频内容中提供的音量元数据来智能地调整音频音量和动态范围压缩级别。

如需启用此功能，您需要确保 AAC 内容中有音量元数据，并在您的应用中启用平台功能。为此，您可以使用关联的 AudioTrack 中的音频会话 ID 调用其 create 工厂方法，从而实例化此对象；此方法会自动开始应用音频更新。LoudnessCodecController您可以传递 OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener 以在将音量参数应用于 MediaCodec 之前修改或过滤这些参数。

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer 也将更新，以使用 LoudnessCodecController API 实现无缝应用集成。

Dispositivi Virtual MIDI 2.0

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接到 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，USB 使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 扩展了对虚拟 MIDI 应用的 UMP 支持，使合成器应用能够像对待 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样将合成器应用作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备进行控制。

Decodifica del software AV1 più efficiente

dav1d 徽标

dav1d（VideoLAN 中广受欢迎的 AV1 软件解码器）现已可用于在硬件中不支持 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。dav1d 的性能比旧版 AV1 软件解码器的性能高 3 倍，可让更多用户（包括一些中低层级的设备）播放高清 AV1 视频。

目前，您的应用需要通过调用 dav1d 名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 来选择使用 dav1d。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。这项支持已标准化，并向后移植到接收 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

Produttività e strumenti per sviluppatori

Sebbene la maggior parte del nostro lavoro per migliorare la produttività sia incentrata su strumenti come Android Studio, Jetpack Compose e sulle librerie Android Jetpack, cerchiamo sempre nuovi modi all'interno della piattaforma per aiutarti a trasformare più facilmente la tua vision.

Aggiornamenti di OpenJDK 17

Android 15 会继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进：

改进了 NIO 缓冲区的使用寿命
信息流
其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
util 软件包更新，包括有序的 collection、map 和 set
Deflater 中的 ByteBuffer 支持
安全更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全密钥更新

这些 API 通过 Google Play 系统更新在超过 10 亿台搭载 Android 12（API 级别 31）及更高版本的设备上进行了更新，让您能够以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

Miglioramenti ai PDF

Android 15 对 PdfRenderer API 进行了重大改进。应用可以整合一些高级功能，例如渲染受密码保护的文件、注解、表单编辑、搜索和通过复制进行选择。支持线性 PDF 优化，以加快本地 PDF 的查看速度并减少资源使用量。

PdfRenderer 已移至一个模块，此模块可使用与平台版本无关的 Google Play 系统更新来进行更新，并且我们将通过创建兼容的 API Surface 低于 Android 15 的版本（称为 PdfRendererPreV）来支持在 Android 11（API 级别 30）中更新这些变更。

我们非常重视您对 PdfRenderer API 接口的增强功能的反馈，我们计划通过即将推出的 Android Jetpack 库，让开发者能更轻松地将这些 API 整合到您的应用中。

Perfezionamenti al passaggio automatico della lingua

Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能，可在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致单词丢失，尤其是在语言切换时，两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件，可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言，这些选项特别有用。

Miglioramento dell'API OpenType Variable Font

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。您现在可以使用可变字体创建 FontFamily 实例，而无需使用 buildVariableFamily API 指定粗细轴。文本渲染程序会覆盖 wght 轴的值以匹配显示的文本。

使用新的 API，这大大简化了创建 Typeface 的代码：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了同时使用新旧 API 创建的 Typeface 如何呈现：

使用新旧 API 时 Typeface 渲染有何不同的示例

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 无法为 350、450、550 和 650 Font 实例创建准确的字体粗细，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的粗细。因此，在此例中，会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450，依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会为给定权重动态创建 Font 实例，因此也会为 350、450、550 和 650 呈现准确的权重。

Controlli granulari per interruzione di riga

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Archiviazione delle app

Android 和 Google Play 去年宣布支持应用归档，这让用户可以通过从 Google Play 上使用 Android App Bundle 发布的部分不常用的应用来释放空间。Android 15 现在包含对应用归档和取消归档的操作系统级支持，因此所有应用商店都可以更轻松地实现此功能。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 权限的应用可以调用 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法来请求归档已安装的应用软件包，此操作会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件，但会保留用户数据。已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps API 作为可显示的应用返回；用户会看到界面处理方式，以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用，相关安装程序将收到将其取消归档的请求，并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 广播监控恢复过程。

Grafica

Android 15 introduce gli ultimi miglioramenti della grafica, tra cui ANGLE e le aggiunte al sistema grafico di Canvas.

Modernizzazione dell'accesso alle GPU di Android

Vulkan 徽标

从早期开始，核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行，GPU 通过基于固定函数流水线的 API 进行访问，Android 硬件已经发生了很大变化。从 Android 7.0（API 级别 24）开始，NDK 中就已提供 Vulkan® 图形 API。它采用较低级别的抽象，可以更好地反映现代 GPU 硬件，能够更好地进行扩展以支持多个 CPU 核心，并可减少 CPU 驱动程序开销，从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 的 GPU 首选接口。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层，用于在 Vulkan 上运行 OpenGL® ES。迁移到 ANGLE 会将 Android OpenGL 实现标准化，以提高兼容性，在某些情况下还可提升性能。您可以使用 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能，方法是在 Android 15 上依次点击设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能：启用 ANGLE，启用开发者选项。

Vulkan 上的 Android ANGLE 路线图

作为简化 GPU 堆栈的一部分，今后我们将在更多新设备上以 GL 系统驱动程序的形式提供 ANGLE，预计未来将只能通过 ANGLE 使用 OpenGL/ES。不过，我们计划在所有设备上继续支持 OpenGL ES。

建议的后续措施

使用开发者选项选择适用于 OpenGL ES 的 ANGLE 驱动程序并测试您的应用。对于新项目，我们强烈建议您使用适用于 C/C++ 的 Vulkan。

Miglioramenti per Canvas

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并增添了新功能：

Matrix44 提供了一个用于转换坐标的 4x4 矩阵，当您想要处理 3D 画布时，应使用此矩阵。
clipShader 将当前裁剪与指定着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将裁剪设置为当前裁剪和着色器的差异，其中各自将着色器视为 Alpha 蒙版。这有助于高效绘制复杂形状。

Prestazioni e batteria

Android si concentra sempre sull'aiutarti a migliorare le prestazioni e la qualità delle tue app. Android 15 introduce nuove API che aiutano a rendere più efficienti le attività nella tua app, a ottimizzarne le prestazioni e a raccogliere approfondimenti sulle tue app.

Per le best practice per l'efficienza energetica, il debug dell'utilizzo della rete e dell'alimentazione e i dettagli su come stiamo migliorando l'efficienza della batteria per il lavoro in background in Android 15 e nelle versioni recenti di Android, consulta la presentazione Migliorare l'efficienza della batteria del lavoro in background su Android da Google I/O.

API ApplicationStartInfo

在以前的 Android 版本中，应用启动有点神秘。在应用中确定应用是从冷状态、温状态还是热状态开始的过程很难确定。此外，我们也很难知道您的应用在不同发布阶段所用的时间：创建进程分支、调用 onCreate、绘制第一帧等。在实例化 Application 类时，您无法得知应用是从广播、content provider、作业、备份、启动完成、闹钟还是 Activity 启动的。

Android 15 上的 ApplicationStartInfo API 可提供所有这些功能以及更多其他功能。您甚至可以选择将自己的时间戳添加到流程中，以便在一个位置收集时间数据。除了收集指标之外，您还可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接优化应用启动；例如，当应用因广播而启动时，您可以避免在 Application 类中实例化界面相关库的高成本。

Informazioni dettagliate sulle dimensioni dell'app

自 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）起，Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节，这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件（例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码）的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言，此数字并不富有见解。

Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间，包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

Profilazione gestita dall'app

Android 15 包含全新的 ProfilingManager 类，可让您从应用内收集性能分析信息。我们计划使用 Android Jetpack API 封装该类，这将简化性能分析请求的构建过程，但核心 API 将允许收集堆转储、堆配置文件、堆栈采样等信息。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调，用于标识输出文件，该文件将传递到应用的文件目录。该 API 会限制速率限制，以最大限度地降低对性能的影响。

Miglioramenti al database SQLite

Android 15 引入了新的 SQLite API，可提供底层 SQLite 引擎的高级功能，这些功能旨在解决应用中可能出现的特定性能问题。

开发者应查阅 SQLite 性能最佳实践，以充分利用其 SQLite 数据库，尤其是在使用大型数据库或运行对延迟敏感的查询时。

只读延迟事务：发出只读事务（不包括写入语句）时，使用 beginTransactionReadOnly() 和 beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) 发出只读 DEFERRED 事务。此类事务可以相互并发运行，如果数据库处于 WAL 模式，则它们可以与 IMMEDIATE 或 EXCLUSIVE 事务并发运行。
行数和 ID：新增了 API，用于检索已更改的行的计数或最后插入的行 ID，而无需发出额外的查询。getLastChangedRowCount() 返回当前事务中的最新 SQL 语句插入、更新或删除的行数，而 getTotalChangedRowCount() 返回当前连接的相关计数。getLastInsertRowId() 返回要在当前连接上插入的最后一行的 rowid。
原始语句：发出原始 SQlite 语句，绕过便捷封装容器以及它们可能产生的任何其他处理开销。

Aggiornamenti di Android Dynamic Performance Framework

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

Privacy

Android 15 include una serie di funzionalità che aiutano gli sviluppatori di app a proteggere la privacy degli utenti.

Rilevamento Registrazione dello schermo

Android 15 增加了对应用检测功能的支持，以检测其是否被录制。每当应用在屏幕录制中处于可见或不可见状态之间转换时，系统都会调用回调。如果系统正在记录注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity，则应用会被视为可见。这样，如果您的应用正在执行敏感操作，您就可以告知用户系统正在记录这些操作。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Funzionalità IntentFilter estese

Android 15 构建了通过 UriRelativeFilterGroup 支持更精确的 Intent 解析，其中包含一组 UriRelativeFilter 对象，这些对象构成了一组必须满足的 Intent 匹配规则，其中包括网址查询参数、网址片段以及屏蔽或排除规则。

您可以使用新的 <uri-relative-filter-group> 标记在 AndroidManifest XML 文件中定义这些规则，也可以选择包含 android:allow 标记。这些标记可以包含使用现有数据标记属性以及新的 android:query 和 android:fragment 属性的 <data> 标记。

下面是 AndroidManifest 语法的示例：

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Spazio privato

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

Esegui una query sulla selezione utente più recente per l'accesso alle foto selezionate

It is now possible for apps to highlight only the most recently selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox su Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序，以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术，以便更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

Connessione Salute

Android 15 集成了围绕 Health Connect by Android 的最新扩展程序。Health Connect by Android 是一个安全的集中式平台，用于管理和分享应用收集的健康与健身数据。此更新增加了对健身、营养、体表温度、训练计划等领域的新数据类型的支持。

借助体表温度跟踪功能，用户可以从穿戴式设备或其他跟踪设备存储和分享更准确的体温数据。

训练计划是结构化的锻炼计划，可帮助用户实现健身目标。训练计划支持包括各种完成目标和绩效目标：

围绕消耗卡路里、距离、时长、重复和步数的达成目标。
与尽可能多重复 (AMRAP)、节奏、心率、功率、感知消耗率和速度相关的性能目标。

如需详细了解 Android 中 Health Connect 的最新更新，请观看 Google I/O 大会的利用 Android Health 打造适应性体验演讲。

Android 15 支持局部屏幕共享，因此用户可以仅分享或录制应用窗口，而不是整个设备屏幕。此功能在 Android 14 QPR2 中首次启用，包含 MediaProjection 回调，可让您的应用自定义局部屏幕共享体验。请注意，对于以 Android 14（API 级别 34）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，现在需要针对每个 MediaProjection 捕获会话征得用户同意。

Esperienza utente e UI di sistema

Android 15 offre a sviluppatori di app e utenti più controllo e flessibilità per configurare il proprio dispositivo in base alle loro esigenze.

Per scoprire di più su come utilizzare gli ultimi miglioramenti in Android 15 per migliorare l'esperienza utente della tua app, leggi la conversazione Migliorare l'esperienza utente dell'app per Android di Google I/O.

Anteprime del widget più approfondite con l'API Generated Previews

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

Picture in picture

Android 15 introduces new changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes a new state.

With this new UI state, apps targeting Android 15 will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

Regole Non disturbare migliorate

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

Impostare l'effetto VibrationEffect per i canali di notifica

Android 15 支持使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 按渠道为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，以便用户可以区分不同类型的通知，而无需看自己的设备。

Schermi e fattori di forma grandi

Android 15 offre alle tue app il supporto per ottenere il massimo dai fattori di forma di Android, tra cui schermi di grandi dimensioni, convertibili e pieghevoli.

Multitasking migliorato su schermi di grandi dimensioni

Android 15 为用户提供了更好的在大屏设备上进行多任务处理的方式。例如，用户可以保存他们喜欢的分屏应用组合以快速访问，还可以固定屏幕上的任务栏以在应用之间快速切换。这意味着，确保应用具有自适应能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

Google I/O 大会举办了有关构建自适应 Android 应用和使用 Material 3 自适应库构建界面的会议，这对您有所帮助。我们的文档中包含更多可以帮助您针对大屏幕进行设计的文档。

Supporto per schermo di copertura

您的应用可以声明一项属性，Android 15 会使用该属性将您的 Application 或 Activity 呈现在支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为 Android 应用的兼容目标，但您的应用可以选择支持这些屏幕，从而让您的应用可在更多位置使用。

Connettività

Android 15 aggiorna la piattaforma per consentire alla tua app di accedere agli ultimi progressi nelle tecnologie di comunicazione e wireless.

Supporto satellite

Android 15 继续扩展对卫星连接的平台支持，并添加了一些界面元素，以确保在卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 检测设备何时连接到卫星，从而更好地了解为什么全网络服务不可用。此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接收发信息。

Esperienze NFC più fluide

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can now register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Ruolo Wallet

Android 15 introduces a new Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet QuickAccess tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the QuickAccess tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

Sicurezza

Android 15 ti aiuta a migliorare la sicurezza della tua app, a proteggere i dati dell'app e offre agli utenti maggiore trasparenza e controllo sui loro dati. Leggi la conversazione sulla protezione degli utenti su Android di Google I/O per scoprire di più su cosa stiamo facendo per migliorare le misure di salvaguardia degli utenti e proteggere la tua app da nuove minacce.

Integrare Gestore delle credenziali con la compilazione automatica

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

Integra la registrazione Single Tap e l'accesso con richieste biometriche

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

Gestione delle chiavi per la crittografia end-to-end

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

Controlli delle autorizzazioni sugli URI dei contenuti

Android 15 引入了一组可对内容 URI 执行权限检查的新 API：

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：这会对内容 URI 执行完整的权限检查。
Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：这会在 activity 启动时，对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：这表示启动 activity 的应用。

Accessibilità

Android 15 aggiunge funzionalità che migliorano l'accessibilità per gli utenti.

Braille avanzato

In Android 15, abbiamo consentito a TalkBack di supportare i display braille che utilizzano lo standard HID sia tramite USB che tramite Bluetooth sicuro.

Questo standard, simile a quello utilizzato per mouse e tastiere, consentirà ad Android di supportare una gamma più ampia di display braille con il passare del tempo.

Internazionalizzazione

Android 15 aggiunge funzionalità e caratteristiche che completano l'esperienza utente quando un dispositivo viene utilizzato in lingue diverse.

Carattere variabile CJK

从 Android 15 开始，中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式，并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。

Motivazione tra caratteri

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Configurazione automatica dell'interruzione di riga

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can now apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`.

Nuovo carattere Hentaigana giapponese

在 Android 15 中，默认情况下捆绑了旧版日语平假名（称为 Hentaigana）的新字体文件。形态独特的 Hentaigana 角色可为艺术作品或设计增添独特的风格，同时有助于准确传达和理解古代日本文献。

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 徽标是 Khronos Group Inc.的注册商标。

OpenGL 是注册商标，OpenGL ES 徽标是 Khronos 许可使用的 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 商标。

Panoramica di funzionalità e API

Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali

Aumento luce

Controlli della fotocamera in-app

Controllo dell'headroom HDR

Controllo del volume

Dispositivi Virtual MIDI 2.0

Decodifica del software AV1 più efficiente

Produttività e strumenti per sviluppatori

Aggiornamenti di OpenJDK 17

Miglioramenti ai PDF

Perfezionamenti al passaggio automatico della lingua

Miglioramento dell'API OpenType Variable Font

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

Controlli granulari per interruzione di riga

Archiviazione delle app

Grafica

Modernizzazione dell'accesso alle GPU di Android

Vulkan 上的 Android ANGLE 路线图

建议的后续措施

Miglioramenti per Canvas

Prestazioni e batteria

API ApplicationStartInfo

Informazioni dettagliate sulle dimensioni dell'app

Profilazione gestita dall'app

Miglioramenti al database SQLite

Aggiornamenti di Android Dynamic Performance Framework

Privacy

Rilevamento Registrazione dello schermo

Funzionalità IntentFilter estese

Spazio privato

Esegui una query sulla selezione utente più recente per l'accesso alle foto selezionate

Kotlin

Java

Privacy Sandbox su Android

Connessione Salute

Condivisione schermo parziale

Esperienza utente e UI di sistema

Anteprime del widget più approfondite con l'API Generated Previews

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

Picture in picture

Regole Non disturbare migliorate

Impostare l'effetto VibrationEffect per i canali di notifica

Schermi e fattori di forma grandi

Multitasking migliorato su schermi di grandi dimensioni

Supporto per schermo di copertura

Connettività

Supporto satellite

Esperienze NFC più fluide

Ruolo Wallet

Sicurezza

Integrare Gestore delle credenziali con la compilazione automatica

Integra la registrazione Single Tap e l'accesso con richieste biometriche

Gestione delle chiavi per la crittografia end-to-end

Controlli delle autorizzazioni sugli URI dei contenuti

Accessibilità

Braille avanzato

Internazionalizzazione

Carattere variabile CJK

Motivazione tra caratteri

Configurazione automatica dell'interruzione di riga

Nuovo carattere Hentaigana giapponese

When to call `setWidgetPreview`