功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，以帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。此外，如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用的行为变更和影响所有应用（不考虑 targetSdkVersion）的行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种可改善相机和媒体体验的功能，让您能够使用工具和硬件来支持创作者在 Android 上将其奇思妙想变为现实。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机方面的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验演讲。

弱光增强

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

应用内相机控件

Android 15 添加了一个新扩展，用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法：

• 高级闪光灯强度调整，可让您在拍摄照片时精确控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下的闪光强度。

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

音量控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接到 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，USB 使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 扩展了对虚拟 MIDI 应用的 UMP 支持，使合成器应用能够像对待 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样将合成器应用作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备进行控制。

更高效地解码 AV1 软件

dav1d（VideoLAN 中广受欢迎的 AV1 软件解码器）现已可用于在硬件中不支持 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。dav1d 的性能比旧版 AV1 软件解码器的性能高 3 倍，可让更多用户（包括一些中低层级的设备）播放高清 AV1 视频。

目前，您的应用需要通过调用 dav1d 名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 来选择使用 dav1d。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。这项支持已标准化，并向后移植到接收 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们提高工作效率的大部分工作都围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具展开，但我们一直致力于在平台中寻找能够帮助您更轻松地实现愿景的方法。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 会继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进：

• 改进了 NIO 缓冲区的使用寿命
• 信息流
• 其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
• util 软件包更新，包括有序的 collection、map 和 set
• Deflater 中的 ByteBuffer 支持
• 安全更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全密钥更新

这些 API 通过 Google Play 系统更新在超过 10 亿台搭载 Android 12（API 级别 31）及更高版本的设备上进行了更新，让您能够以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

PDF 改进

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer API surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.

优化自动语言切换功能

Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能，可在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致单词丢失，尤其是在语言切换时，两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件，可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言，这些选项特别有用。

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can now create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the new API, this simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

精细的换行符控件

从 Android 15 开始，TextView 和底层换行符可以将文本的给定部分保留在同一行中，以提高可读性。您可以通过在字符串资源或 createNoBreakSpan 中使用 <nobreak> 标记来利用此换行符自定义功能。同样，您可以使用 <nohyphen> 标记或 createNoHyphenationSpan 避免断字的情况。

例如，以下字符串资源不包含换行符，而是在不希望的位置显示文本“Pixel 8 Pro”进行渲染：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

相比之下，此字符串资源包含 <nobreak> 标记，该标记会封装短语“Pixel 8 Pro.”并防止换行符：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

这些字符串的呈现方式差异如下图所示：

用于设置一行文本的布局，其中词组“Pixel 8 Pro”未使用 <nobreak> 标记进行换行。

同一行文本的布局，其中词组“Pixel 8 Pro”用 <nobreak> 标记封装。

应用归档

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 now includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

显卡

Android 15 引入了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 和对 Canvas 图形系统添加的补充。

对 Android 的 GPU 访问进行现代化改造

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

画布方面的改进

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with new capabilities:

• Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
• clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

性能和电池

Android 将继续致力于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了新的 API，可帮助提高应用中的任务执行效率、优化应用性能以及收集有关应用的数据洞见。

如需了解省电最佳实践、调试网络和耗电量，并详细了解我们如何提高 Android 15 和较新版本的 Android 中后台工作的电池效率，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 后台工作的电池效率演讲。

应用程序启动信息 API

在以前的 Android 版本中，应用启动有点神秘。在应用中确定应用是从冷状态、温状态还是热状态开始的过程很难确定。此外，我们也很难知道您的应用在不同发布阶段所用的时间：创建进程分支、调用 onCreate、绘制第一帧等。在实例化 Application 类时，您无法得知应用是从广播、content provider、作业、备份、启动完成、闹钟还是 Activity 启动的。

Android 15 上的 ApplicationStartInfo API 可提供所有这些功能以及更多其他功能。您甚至可以选择将自己的时间戳添加到流程中，以便在一个位置收集时间数据。除了收集指标之外，您还可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接优化应用启动；例如，当应用因广播而启动时，您可以避免在 Application 类中实例化界面相关库的高成本。

详细的应用大小信息

自 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）起，Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节，这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件（例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码）的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言，此数字并不富有见解。

Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间，包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

应用管理的分析

Android 15 包含全新的 ProfilingManager 类，可让您从应用内收集性能分析信息。我们计划使用 Android Jetpack API 封装该类，这将简化性能分析请求的构建过程，但核心 API 将允许收集堆转储、堆配置文件、堆栈采样等信息。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调，用于标识输出文件，该文件将传递到应用的文件目录。该 API 会限制速率限制，以最大限度地降低对性能的影响。

SQLite 数据库改进

Android 15 introduces new SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: new APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 继续投资开发 Android 动态性能框架 (ADPF)，这是一组 API，可让游戏和性能密集型应用更直接地与 Android 设备的电源和散热系统进行互动。在受支持的设备上，Android 15 将添加新的 ADPF 功能：

• 适用于提示会话的节能模式，用于指明其关联的线程应该优先考虑节能而非性能，非常适合长时间运行的后台工作负载。
• 可以在提示会话中报告 GPU 和 CPU 的运行时长，从而使系统能够同时调整 CPU 和 GPU 频率，以便更好地满足工作负载需求。
• 热余量阈值，用于根据余量预测来解释可能的热节流状态。

如需详细了解如何在应用和游戏中使用 ADPF，请参阅相关文档。

隐私权

Android 15 包含各种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the new <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the new android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

• Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
• Launcher apps
• App store apps

Caution: There is a known issue with private space in Beta 2 that affects app icons on the Home screen. A fix for this issue is included in the Beta 2.2 release.

查询所选照片访问权限的最近用户选择

It is now possible for apps to highlight only the most recently selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序，以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术，以便更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for new data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

局部屏幕共享

Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is now required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 为应用开发者和用户提供了更大的控制权和更大的灵活性，让他们能够根据自己的需求配置其设备。

如需详细了解如何使用 Android 15 中的最新改进来改善应用的用户体验，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验演讲。

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更丰富的微件预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 引入了对画中画 (PiP) 功能的新变更，可确保在进入画中画模式时能够更顺畅地过渡。这对于将界面元素叠加在其主界面之上的应用（将进入画中画模式）非常有用。

开发者使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来定义用于切换叠加界面元素的可见性的逻辑。此回调会在画中画进入或退出动画播放完毕时触发。从 Android 15 开始，PictureInPictureUiState 类包含一个新状态。

借助这种新的界面状态，以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用会在画中画动画开始时立即观察到使用 isTransitioningToPip() 调用的 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调。在应用处于画中画模式时，有许多界面元素与应用无关，例如，包含建议、即将播出的视频、评分和标题等信息的视图或布局。当应用进入画中画模式时，使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调隐藏这些界面元素。当应用从画中画窗口进入全屏模式时，可以使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来取消隐藏这些元素，如以下示例所示：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

这种可快速切换不相关界面元素（适用于画中画窗口）的可见性切换有助于确保画中画进入动画更加流畅且无闪烁。

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule 可让应用自定义注意力管理（勿扰）规则，并决定何时启用或停用这些规则。Android 15 大幅增强了这些规则，以改善用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能：

• 将类型添加到 AutomaticZenRule，允许系统对某些规则应用特殊处理。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加了图标，有助于使模式更易于识别。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加 triggerDescription 字符串，用于描述应在哪些条件下为用户启用规则。
• 向 AutomaticZenRule 添加了 ZenDeviceEffects，以允许规则触发灰度显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸等功能。

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支持使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 按渠道为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，以便用户可以区分不同类型的通知，而无需看自己的设备。

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 支持您的应用充分利用 Android 的外形规格，包括大屏设备、可折叠设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏设备多任务处理功能

Android 15 为用户提供了更好的在大屏设备上进行多任务处理的方式。例如，用户可以保存他们喜欢的分屏应用组合以快速访问，还可以固定屏幕上的任务栏以在应用之间快速切换。这意味着，确保应用具有自适应能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

Google I/O 大会举办了有关构建自适应 Android 应用和使用 Material 3 自适应库构建界面的会议，这对您有所帮助。我们的文档中包含更多可以帮助您针对大屏幕进行设计的文档。

封面屏幕支持

您的应用可以声明一项属性，Android 15 会使用该属性将您的 Application 或 Activity 呈现在支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为 Android 应用的兼容目标，但您的应用可以选择支持这些屏幕，从而让您的应用可在更多位置使用。

连接

Android 15 将更新平台，让您的应用能够利用通信和无线技术的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 继续扩展对卫星连接的平台支持，并添加了一些界面元素，以确保在卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 检测设备何时连接到卫星，从而更好地了解为什么全网络服务不可用。此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接收发信息。

设备连接到卫星时显示通知。

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 致力于打造更顺畅、更可靠的感应式付款体验，同时继续支持 Android 强大的 NFC 应用生态系统。在受支持的设备上，应用可以请求 NfcAdapter 进入观察模式。在该模式下，设备会监听 NFC 读取器但不会响应 NFC 读取器，从而将应用的 NFC 服务 PollingFrame 对象发送给系统进行处理。PollingFrame 对象可用于在与 NFC 读取器首次通信之前进行身份验证，以便在许多情况下实现一键交易。

此外，应用现在可以在受支持的设备上注册过滤器，以便接收轮询循环 activity 的通知，从而与多个 NFC 感知应用顺畅运行。

钱包角色

Android 15 引入了一个新的钱包角色，可让您与用户首选的钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色取代了 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以通过导航到设置 > 应用 > 默认应用来管理 Google 钱包角色持有者。

在为付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 触碰时，可使用“钱包”角色。除非已在前台运行为同一 AID 注册的另一个应用，否则点按操作会始终转到钱包角色持有者。

此角色还可用于确定钱包“快速访问”功能块在启用后应转到的位置。当角色设置为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且付款类别 NFC 触碰仅会传送到前台应用。

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用的安全性，保护应用数据，并让用户更清楚地了解和控制其数据。如需详细了解我们正在改进用户保护措施并保护您的应用免受新威胁的威胁，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的保护 Android 用户安全演讲。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端到端加密的密钥管理

我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager，它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。

对内容 URI 进行权限检查

Android 15 introduces a new set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
• Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
• ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

无障碍功能

Android 15 增加了可改进用户无障碍功能的功能。

改进盲文

在 Android 15 中，TalkBack 可以支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，有助于 Android 随着时间的推移而支持更广泛的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 增加了一些可在设备以不同语言使用时补充用户体验的功能。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式，并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。

中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的可变字体在不同字体宽度下的显示效果。

字符间对齐

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自动换行符配置

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can now apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE.

全新日语 Hentaigana 字体

在 Android 15 中，默认情况下捆绑了旧版日语平假名（称为 Hentaigana）的新字体文件。形态独特的 Hentaigana 角色可为艺术作品或设计增添独特的风格，同时有助于准确传达和理解古代日本文献。

日语 Hentaigana 字体的字符和文字样式。

---

VideoLAN 锥形版权所有 (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN。任何人都可以使用或修改此徽标或修改版本来指代 VideoLAN 项目或 VideoLAN 团队开发的任何产品，但不表示该项目的认可。

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 徽标是 Khronos Group Inc.的注册商标。

OpenGL 是注册商标，OpenGL ES 徽标是 Khronos 许可使用的 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 商标。