行为变更：以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台的应用

与之前的版本一样，Android 17 包含一些可能会影响应用的行为变更。以下行为变更仅影响以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。如果您的应用以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台，则应根据情况修改应用，以支持这些行为。

无论应用的 targetSdkVersion 为何，都请务必查看对 Android 17 上运行的所有应用都有影响的行为变更列表。

核心功能

Android 17 包含以下变更，这些变更会修改或扩展 Android 系统的各种核心功能。

MessageQueue 的新无锁实现

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

静态 final 字段现在不可修改

如果应用在 Android 17 或更高版本上运行，且以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台，则无法更改 static final 字段。如果应用尝试使用反射来更改 static final 字段，则会导致 IllegalAccessException。尝试通过 JNI API（例如 SetStaticLongField()）修改这些字段中的任何一个都会导致应用崩溃。

无障碍

Android 17 进行了以下变更，以改进无障碍功能。

复杂 IME 实体键盘输入的无障碍支持

此功能引入了新的 AccessibilityEvent 和 TextAttribute API，以增强屏幕阅读器针对 CJKV 语言输入的语音反馈。CJKV IME 应用现在可以指示在文本撰写期间是否已选择文本转换候选对象。具有编辑字段的应用可以在发送文本更改无障碍事件时指定文本更改类型。例如，应用可以指定在文本撰写期间发生了文本更改，或者文本更改是由提交导致的。这样做可让屏幕阅读器等无障碍服务根据文本修改的性质提供更精确的反馈。

应用采用量

  • IME 应用：在设置编辑字段中的撰写文本时，IME 可以使用 TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() 来指明是否选择了特定的转换候选字词。

  • 具有“编辑字段”权限的应用：维护自定义 InputConnection 的应用可以通过调用 TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected() 来检索候选选择数据。然后，这些应用在调度 TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED 事件时应调用 AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes()。如果应用以 Android 17（API 级别 37）为目标平台，并使用标准 TextView，则默认启用此功能。（也就是说，TextView 将负责从 IME 检索数据，并在向无障碍服务发送事件时设置文本更改类型）。

  • 无障碍服务：处理 TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED 事件的无障碍服务可以调用 AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() 来识别修改的性质，并相应地调整其反馈策略。

隐私权

Android 17 包含以下变更，旨在提升用户隐私保护。

机会性地启用 ECH（加密客户端 Hello）

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is opportunistically used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the connection automatically falls back to a standard TLS handshake without SNI encryption.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "opportunistic", "enabled", or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

以 Android 17 为目标平台的应用需要本地网络权限

Android 17 引入了 ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK 运行时权限 以保护用户免受未经授权的本地网络访问。由于此权限属于现有的 NEARBY_DEVICES 权限组，因此系统不会再次提示已授予其他 NEARBY_DEVICES 权限的用户。这项新要求可防止恶意应用利用不受限制的本地网络访问权限进行隐蔽的用户跟踪和指纹识别。通过声明和请求此权限，您的应用可以发现并连接到局域网 (LAN) 中的设备，例如智能家居设备或投放接收器。

以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台的应用现在有两种方式来维持与 LAN 设备的通信：采用系统介导的、可保护隐私的设备选择器来跳过权限提示，或者在运行时明确请求此新权限以维持本地网络通信。

如需了解详情，请参阅本地网络权限文档。

在实体设备上隐藏密码

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

安全

Android 17 对设备和应用安全性进行了以下改进。

活动安全性

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

  • BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
  • Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

默认启用 CT

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

更安全的原生 DCL - C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

设备类型

Android 17 包含以下变更，可改善各种尺寸和外形规格的设备上的用户体验。

平台 API 变更，用于忽略大屏设备 (sw>=600dp) 上的屏幕方向、尺寸调整能力和宽高比限制

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.