与之前的版本一样,Android 17 包含一些可能会影响应用的行为变更。以下行为变更仅影响以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。如果您的应用以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台,则应根据情况修改应用,以支持这些行为。
无论应用的 targetSdkVersion 为何,都请务必查看对 Android 17 上运行的所有应用都有影响的行为变更列表。
核心功能
Android 17 包含以下变更,这些变更会修改或扩展 Android 系统的各种核心功能。
MessageQueue 的新无锁实现
Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37)
or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of
android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and
reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue
private fields and methods.
For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.
静态 final 字段现在不可修改
如果应用在 Android 17 或更高版本上运行,且以 Android 17(API 级别 37)或更高版本为目标平台,则无法更改 static final 字段。如果应用尝试使用反射来更改 static final 字段,则会导致 IllegalAccessException。尝试通过 JNI API(例如 SetStaticLongField())修改这些字段中的任何一个都会导致应用崩溃。
无障碍
Android 17 进行了以下变更,以改进无障碍功能。
复杂 IME 实体键盘输入的无障碍支持
This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute
APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME
apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during
text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when
sending text changed accessibility events.
For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text
composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit.
Doing this enables accessibility
services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the
nature of the text modification.
App adoption
IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use
TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected()to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom
InputConnectioncan retrieve candidate selection data by callingTextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then callAccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes()when dispatchingTYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGEDevents. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standardTextViewwill have this feature enabled by default. (That is,TextViewwill handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process
TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGEDevents can callAccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes()to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.
隐私权
Android 17 包含以下变更,旨在提升用户隐私保护。
以 Android 17 为目标平台的应用需要本地网络权限
| Available to test? (Required build) | Yes (Android 17 or later) |
|---|---|
Requires changing targetSDKVersion? (API level) |
Yes (API Level 37) See the manifest attribute documentation for more information about this value. |
Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission
to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls
under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already
granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new
requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network
access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting
this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area
network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.
Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.
For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.
在实体设备上隐藏密码
If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using
a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android
operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all
characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password
characters.
The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.
If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new
show_passwords_touch setting.
安全
Android 17 对设备和应用安全性进行了以下改进。
活动安全性
在 Android 17 中,平台继续向“默认安全”架构转变,引入了一系列旨在缓解严重程度较高的漏洞利用(例如网络钓鱼、交互劫持和混淆代理攻击)的增强功能。此更新要求开发者明确选择启用新的安全标准,以保持应用兼容性和用户保护。
对开发者的主要影响包括:
- BAL 强化和改进的选择启用机制:我们正在通过将保护范围扩展到
IntentSender来完善后台 activity 启动 (BAL) 限制。 开发者必须弃用旧版MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED常量。相反,您应采用精细的控制措施,例如MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE,该措施会将 activity 启动限制在调用应用可见的场景中,从而显著减小攻击面。 - 采用工具:开发者应利用严格模式和更新后的 lint 检查来识别旧版模式,并确保做好准备,以满足未来的目标 SDK 要求。
默认启用 CT
如果应用以 Android 17(API 级别 37)或更高版本为目标平台, 证书透明度 (CT) 默认处于启用状态。(在 Android 16 上,CT 可用,但应用必须选择启用。)
更安全的原生 DCL - C
如果您的应用以 Android 17(API 级别 37)或更高版本为目标平台,则 Android 14 中针对 DEX 和 JAR 文件引入的更安全的动态代码加载 (DCL) 保护功能现在也适用于原生库。
使用 System.load() 加载的所有原生文件都必须标记为只读。
否则,系统会抛出 UnsatisfiedLinkError。
我们建议应用尽可能避免动态加载代码,因为这样做会大大增加应用因代码注入或代码篡改而遭到入侵的风险。
设备规格
Android 17 包含以下变更,可改善各种尺寸和外形规格的设备上的用户体验。
平台 API 变更,用于忽略大屏设备 (sw>=600dp) 上的屏幕方向、尺寸调整能力和宽高比限制
我们在 Android 16 中引入了平台 API 变更,以 忽略屏幕方向、 宽高比和尺寸调整能力限制(针对大型屏幕,sw >= 600dp),适用于面向 API 级别 36 或更高级别的应用。开发者可以选择使用 SDK 36 退出这些变更,但对于面向 Android 17(API 级别 37)或更高级别的应用,此退出选项将不再可用。
如需了解详情,请参阅忽略屏幕方向和尺寸调整能力限制。