항목 쿼리: 관련 항목을 쿼리하는 방법을 결정하고 의도한 출력을 나타내는 데이터 클래스를 만듭니다.
관계 정의
다대다 관계를 정의하려면 먼저 두 항목 각각의 클래스를 만듭니다. 다대다 관계는 일반적으로 하위 항목에 상위 항목에 대한 참조가 없기 때문에 다른 관계 유형과 구별됩니다. 대신 세 번째 클래스를 만들어 두 항목 간의 연결 항목(또는 상호 참조 테이블)을 나타냅니다.
상호 참조 테이블에는 테이블에 표시된 다대다 관계에 있는 각 항목의 기본 키 열이 있어야 합니다. 이 예에서 상호 참조 테이블의 각 행은 Playlist 인스턴스와 Song 인스턴스의 쌍이며, 여기서 참조된 노래는 참조된 재생목록에 포함됩니다.
getPlaylistsWithSongs: 이 메서드는 데이터베이스를 쿼리하고 결과 PlaylistWithSongs 객체를 모두 반환합니다.
getSongsWithPlaylists: 이 메서드는 데이터베이스를 쿼리하고 결과 SongWithPlaylists 객체를 모두 반환합니다.
이러한 메서드를 사용하려면 Room에서 쿼리 2개를 실행해야 하므로 전체 작업이 원자적으로 실행되도록 두 메서드에 @Transaction 주석을 추가해야 합니다.
Kotlin
@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Playlist")fungetPlaylistsWithSongs():List<PlaylistWithSongs>@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Song")fungetSongsWithPlaylists():List<SongWithPlaylists>
Java
@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Playlist")publicList<PlaylistWithSongs>getPlaylistsWithSongs();@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Song")publicList<SongWithPlaylists>getSongsWithPlaylists();
이 페이지에 나와 있는 콘텐츠와 코드 샘플에는 콘텐츠 라이선스에서 설명하는 라이선스가 적용됩니다. 자바 및 OpenJDK는 Oracle 및 Oracle 계열사의 상표 또는 등록 상표입니다.
최종 업데이트: 2025-07-27(UTC)
[null,null,["최종 업데이트: 2025-07-27(UTC)"],[],[],null,["# Define and query many-to-many relationships\n\nA *many-to-many relationship* between two entities is a relationship where each\ninstance of the parent entity corresponds to zero or more instances of the child\nentity, and the reverse is also true.\n\nIn the music streaming app example, consider the songs in the user-defined\nplaylists. Each playlist can include many songs, and each song can be a part of\nmany different playlists. Therefore, there is a many-to-many relationship\nbetween the `Playlist` entity and the `Song` entity.\n\nFollow these steps to define and query many-to-many relationships in your\ndatabase:\n\n1. **[Define the relationship](#define)**: Establish the entities and the associative entity (cross-reference table) to represent the many-to-many relationship.\n2. **[Query the entities](#query)**: Determine how you want to query the related entities and create data classes to represent the intended output.\n\nDefine the relationship\n-----------------------\n\nTo define a many-to-many relationship, first create a class for each of your two\nentities. Many-to-many relationships are distinct from other relationship types\nbecause there is generally no reference to the parent entity in the child\nentity. Instead, create a third class to represent an [associative\nentity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_entity), or *cross-reference table* , between the two entities.\nThe cross-reference table must have columns for the primary key from each entity\nin the many-to-many relationship represented in the table. In this example, each\nrow in the cross-reference table corresponds to a pairing of a `Playlist`\ninstance and a `Song` instance where the referenced song is included in the\nreferenced playlist. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n @Entity\n data class Playlist(\n @PrimaryKey val playlistId: Long,\n val playlistName: String\n )\n\n @Entity\n data class Song(\n @PrimaryKey val songId: Long,\n val songName: String,\n val artist: String\n )\n\n @Entity(primaryKeys = [\"playlistId\", \"songId\"])\n data class PlaylistSongCrossRef(\n val playlistId: Long,\n val songId: Long\n )\n\n### Java\n\n @Entity\n public class Playlist {\n @PrimaryKey public long playlistId;\n public String playlistName;\n }\n\n @Entity\n public class Song {\n @PrimaryKey public long songId;\n public String songName;\n public String artist;\n }\n\n @Entity(primaryKeys = {\"playlistId\", \"songId\"})\n public class PlaylistSongCrossRef {\n public long playlistId;\n public long songId;\n }\n\nQuery the entities\n------------------\n\nThe next step depends on how you want to query these related entities.\n\n- If you want to query *playlists* and a list of the corresponding *songs* for each playlist, create a new data class that contains a single `Playlist` object and a list of all of the `Song` objects that the playlist includes.\n- If you want to query *songs* and a list of the corresponding *playlists* for each, create a new data class that contains a single `Song` object and a list of all of the `Playlist` objects in which the song is included.\n\nIn either case, model the relationship between the entities by using the\n[`associateBy`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Relation#associateBy()) property in the [`@Relation`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Relation) annotation in each of these\nclasses to identify the cross-reference entity providing the relationship\nbetween the `Playlist` entity and the `Song` entity. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n data class PlaylistWithSongs(\n @Embedded val playlist: Playlist,\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"playlistId\",\n entityColumn = \"songId\",\n associateBy = Junction(PlaylistSongCrossRef::class)\n )\n val songs: List\u003cSong\u003e\n )\n\n data class SongWithPlaylists(\n @Embedded val song: Song,\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"songId\",\n entityColumn = \"playlistId\",\n associateBy = Junction(PlaylistSongCrossRef::class)\n )\n val playlists: List\u003cPlaylist\u003e\n )\n\n### Java\n\n public class PlaylistWithSongs {\n @Embedded public Playlist playlist;\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"playlistId\",\n entityColumn = \"songId\",\n associateBy = @Junction(PlaylistSongCrossref.class)\n )\n public List\u003cSong\u003e songs;\n }\n\n public class SongWithPlaylists {\n @Embedded public Song song;\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"songId\",\n entityColumn = \"playlistId\",\n associateBy = @Junction(PlaylistSongCrossref.class)\n )\n public List\u003cPlaylist\u003e playlists;\n }\n\nFinally, add a method to the DAO class to expose the query function your\napp needs.\n\n- `getPlaylistsWithSongs`: this method queries the database and returns all the resulting `PlaylistWithSongs` objects.\n- `getSongsWithPlaylists`: this method queries the database and returns all the resulting `SongWithPlaylists` objects.\n\nThese methods each require Room to run two queries, so add the\n[`@Transaction`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Transaction) annotation to both methods so that the whole\noperation is performed atomically. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Playlist\")\n fun getPlaylistsWithSongs(): List\u003cPlaylistWithSongs\u003e\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Song\")\n fun getSongsWithPlaylists(): List\u003cSongWithPlaylists\u003e\n\n### Java\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Playlist\")\n public List\u003cPlaylistWithSongs\u003e getPlaylistsWithSongs();\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Song\")\n public List\u003cSongWithPlaylists\u003e getSongsWithPlaylists();\n\n| **Note:** If the `@Relation` annotation does not meet your specific use case, you might need to use the `JOIN` keyword in your SQL queries to manually define the appropriate relationships. To learn more about querying multiple tables manually, read [Accessing data using Room\n| DAOs](/training/data-storage/room/accessing-data#query-multiple-tables)."]]