当应用想要访问其他应用共享的文件时,请求方应用(客户端)通常会向共享文件的应用(服务器)发送请求。在大多数情况下,请求会在服务器应用中启动一个 Activity
,以显示可共享的文件。
用户选择文件后,服务器应用会将文件的内容 URI 返回给客户端应用。
本课将介绍客户端应用如何从服务器应用请求文件,如何从服务器应用接收文件的内容 URI,以及如何使用内容 URI 打开文件。
发送文件请求
如需从服务器应用请求文件,客户端应用需要使用 Intent
调用 startActivityForResult
,该 intent 包含 ACTION_PICK
等操作和客户端应用能够处理的 MIME 类型。
例如,以下代码段演示了如何将 Intent
发送到服务器应用,以便启动共享文件中所述的 Activity
:
class MainActivity : Activity() {
private lateinit var requestFileIntent: Intent
private lateinit var inputPFD: ParcelFileDescriptor
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
requestFileIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK).apply {
type = "image/jpg"
}
...
}
...
private fun requestFile() {
/**
* When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the
* server app.
* files.
*/
startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0)
...
}
...
}
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Intent requestFileIntent;
private ParcelFileDescriptor inputPFD;
...
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
requestFileIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
requestFileIntent.setType("image/jpg");
...
}
...
protected void requestFile() {
/**
* When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the
* server app.
* files.
*/
startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0);
...
}
...
}
访问请求的文件
服务器应用通过 Intent
将文件的内容 URI 发回给客户端应用。此 Intent
会通过替换 onActivityResult()
传递给客户端应用。客户端应用获得文件的内容 URI 后,即可通过获取其 FileDescriptor
来访问该文件。
只要您正确解析客户端应用收到的内容 URI,在此过程中便可确保文件的安全。解析内容时,必须确保此 URI 不指向目标目录之外的任何内容,以确保不会尝试进行路径遍历。 只有客户端应用应获得对文件的访问权限,而且必须具有服务器应用授予的权限才能访问。这些权限是临时的,因此一旦客户端应用的任务堆栈结束,便无法再从服务器应用外访问该文件。
以下代码段展示了客户端应用如何处理服务器应用发送的 Intent
,以及如何使用内容 URI 获取 FileDescriptor
:
/*
* When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls
* finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the
* content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the
* selection worked or not.
*/
public override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, returnIntent: Intent) {
// If the selection didn't work
if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
// Exit without doing anything else
return
}
// Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent
returnIntent.data?.also { returnUri ->
/*
* Try to open the file for "read" access using the
* returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the
* error log and return.
*/
inputPFD = try {
/*
* Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it
* to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.
*/
contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(returnUri, "r")
} catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
e.printStackTrace()
Log.e("MainActivity", "File not found.")
return
}
// Get a regular file descriptor for the file
val fd = inputPFD.fileDescriptor
...
}
}
/*
* When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls
* finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the
* content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the
* selection worked or not.
*/
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode,
Intent returnIntent) {
// If the selection didn't work
if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
// Exit without doing anything else
return;
} else {
// Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent
Uri returnUri = returnIntent.getData();
/*
* Try to open the file for "read" access using the
* returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the
* error log and return.
*/
try {
/*
* Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it
* to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.
*/
inputPFD = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(returnUri, "r");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("MainActivity", "File not found.");
return;
}
// Get a regular file descriptor for the file
FileDescriptor fd = inputPFD.getFileDescriptor();
...
}
}
方法 openFileDescriptor()
会返回文件的 ParcelFileDescriptor
。客户端应用从此对象获取 FileDescriptor
对象,然后使用该对象读取文件。
如需了解其他相关信息,请参阅: