Espresso 意圖

Espresso-Intents 是 Espresso 的擴充功能,可驗證及擷取受測應用程式傳送的意圖。這就像是 Android Intent 專用的 Mockito

如果應用程式會將功能委派給其他應用程式或平台,您可以使用 Espresso-Intents 專注於自家應用程式的邏輯,並假設其他應用程式或平台可正常運作。透過 Espresso-Intents,您可以比對並驗證傳出意圖,甚至提供虛設常式回應,以取代實際意圖回應。

在專案中加入 Espresso-Intents

在應用程式的 app/build.gradle 檔案中,於 dependencies 內新增下列程式碼:

Groovy

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.6.1'

Kotlin

androidTestImplementation('androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.6.1')

Espresso-Intents 僅與 Espresso 2.1 以上版本和 Android 測試程式庫 0.3 以上版本相容,因此請務必一併更新這些程式碼行:

Groovy

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.6.1'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.6.1'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.6.1'

Kotlin

androidTestImplementation('androidx.test:runner:1.6.1')
androidTestImplementation('androidx.test:rules:1.6.1')
androidTestImplementation('androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.6.1')

撰寫測試規則

撰寫 Espresso-Intents 測試前,請設定 IntentsTestRule。這是 ActivityTestRule 類別的擴充功能,可讓您在功能性 UI 測試中輕鬆使用 Espresso-Intents API。IntentsTestRule 會在每個標註 @Test 的測試之前初始化 Espresso-Intents,並在每次測試執行後釋放 Espresso-Intents。

以下程式碼片段是 IntentsTestRule 的範例:

Kotlin

@get:Rule
val intentsTestRule = IntentsTestRule(MyActivity::class.java)

Java

@Rule
public IntentsTestRule<MyActivity> intentsTestRule =
    new IntentsTestRule<>(MyActivity.class);

比對符合

Espresso-Intents 可根據特定比對條件攔截外送意圖,這些條件是使用 Hamcrest 比對器定義。Hamcrest 可讓您:

  • 使用現有的意圖比對器:這是最簡單的選項,幾乎一律建議採用。
  • 導入您自己的意圖比對器:這是最彈性的選項。詳情請參閱 Hamcrest 教學課程中「撰寫自訂比對器」一節。

Espresso-Intents 提供 intended()intending() 方法,分別用於意圖驗證和存根化。兩者都採用 Hamcrest Matcher<Intent> 物件做為引數。

下列程式碼片段顯示意圖驗證,該驗證使用現有的意圖比對器,比對啟動瀏覽器的外送意圖:

Kotlin

assertThat(intent).hasAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)
assertThat(intent).categories().containsExactly(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE)
assertThat(intent).hasData(Uri.parse("www.google.com"))
assertThat(intent).extras().containsKey("key1")
assertThat(intent).extras().string("key1").isEqualTo("value1")
assertThat(intent).extras().containsKey("key2")
assertThat(intent).extras().string("key2").isEqualTo("value2")

Java

assertThat(intent).hasAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
assertThat(intent).categories().containsExactly(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE);
assertThat(intent).hasData(Uri.parse("www.google.com"));
assertThat(intent).extras().containsKey("key1");
assertThat(intent).extras().string("key1").isEqualTo("value1");
assertThat(intent).extras().containsKey("key2");
assertThat(intent).extras().string("key2").isEqualTo("value2");

驗證意圖

Espresso-Intents 會記錄所有嘗試從受測應用程式啟動活動的意圖。使用 intended() 方法 (類似於 Mockito.verify()),即可判斷是否已看到特定意圖。不過,除非您明確設定,否則 Espresso-Intents 不會為意圖虛設常式回應。

下列程式碼片段是驗證外送意圖的測試範例,但不會將回應存根化,該意圖會啟動外部「電話」活動:

Kotlin

@Test fun validateIntentSentToPackage() {
    // User action that results in an external "phone" activity being launched.
    user.clickOnView(system.getView(R.id.callButton))

    // Using a canned RecordedIntentMatcher to validate that an intent resolving
    // to the "phone" activity has been sent.
    intended(toPackage("com.android.phone"))
}

Java

@Test
public void validateIntentSentToPackage() {
    // User action that results in an external "phone" activity being launched.
    user.clickOnView(system.getView(R.id.callButton));

    // Using a canned RecordedIntentMatcher to validate that an intent resolving
    // to the "phone" activity has been sent.
    intended(toPackage("com.android.phone"));
}

Stubbing

使用類似 Mockito.when()intending() 方法,您可以為透過 startActivityForResult() 啟動的活動提供虛設常式回應。這對外部活動特別有用,因為您無法操控外部活動的使用者介面,也無法控制傳回受測活動的 ActivityResult

下列程式碼片段會實作 activityResult_DisplaysContactsPhoneNumber() 測試範例,驗證使用者在受測應用程式中啟動「聯絡人」活動時,是否會顯示聯絡人電話號碼:

  1. 建構在啟動特定活動時傳回的結果。範例測試會攔截傳送至「contacts」的所有意圖,並使用結果代碼 RESULT_OK,以有效的 ActivityResult 存根化其回應。

    Kotlin

    val resultData = Intent()
    val phoneNumber = "123-345-6789"
    resultData.putExtra("phone", phoneNumber)
    val result = Instrumentation.ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData)

    Java

    Intent resultData = new Intent();
    String phoneNumber = "123-345-6789";
    resultData.putExtra("phone", phoneNumber);
    ActivityResult result =
        new ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData);
  2. 指示 Espresso 提供虛設常式結果物件,以回應所有「contacts」意圖的叫用:

    Kotlin

    intending(toPackage("com.android.contacts")).respondWith(result)

    Java

    intending(toPackage("com.android.contacts")).respondWith(result);
  3. 確認用於啟動活動的動作會產生預期的虛設常式結果。在本例中,範例測試會檢查啟動「聯絡人活動」時,是否傳回並顯示電話號碼「123-345-6789」

    Kotlin

    onView(withId(R.id.pickButton)).perform(click())
    onView(withId(R.id.phoneNumber)).check(matches(withText(phoneNumber)))

    Java

    onView(withId(R.id.pickButton)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.phoneNumber)).check(matches(withText(phoneNumber)));

以下是完整的 activityResult_DisplaysContactsPhoneNumber() 測試:

Kotlin

@Test fun activityResult_DisplaysContactsPhoneNumber() {
    // Build the result to return when the activity is launched.
    val resultData = Intent()
    val phoneNumber = "123-345-6789"
    resultData.putExtra("phone", phoneNumber)
    val result = Instrumentation.ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData)

    // Set up result stubbing when an intent sent to "contacts" is seen.
    intending(toPackage("com.android.contacts")).respondWith(result)

    // User action that results in "contacts" activity being launched.
    // Launching activity expects phoneNumber to be returned and displayed.
    onView(withId(R.id.pickButton)).perform(click())

    // Assert that the data we set up above is shown.
    onView(withId(R.id.phoneNumber)).check(matches(withText(phoneNumber)))
}

Java

@Test
public void activityResult_DisplaysContactsPhoneNumber() {
    // Build the result to return when the activity is launched.
    Intent resultData = new Intent();
    String phoneNumber = "123-345-6789";
    resultData.putExtra("phone", phoneNumber);
    ActivityResult result =
        new ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData);

    // Set up result stubbing when an intent sent to "contacts" is seen.
    intending(toPackage("com.android.contacts")).respondWith(result);

    // User action that results in "contacts" activity being launched.
    // Launching activity expects phoneNumber to be returned and displayed.
    onView(withId(R.id.pickButton)).perform(click());

    // Assert that the data we set up above is shown.
    onView(withId(R.id.phoneNumber)).check(matches(withText(phoneNumber)));
}

其他資源

如要進一步瞭解如何在 Android 測試中使用 Espresso-Intents,請參閱下列資源。

範例