Modifiche al comportamento: tutte le app

La piattaforma Android 14 include modifiche al comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app. Le seguenti modifiche al comportamento si applicano a tutte le app quando vengono eseguite su Android 14, indipendentemente dal targetSdkVersion. Devi testare la tua app e poi modificarla in base alle esigenze per supportare correttamente questi comportamenti, ove applicabile.

Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano solo le app che hanno come target Android 14.

Funzionalità di base

La programmazione di sveglie esatte viene negata per impostazione predefinita

Le sveglie esatte sono destinate alle notifiche intenzionali dell'utente o ad azioni che devono avvenire in un momento preciso. A partire da Android 14, l'autorizzazione SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM non viene più pre-concessa alla maggior parte delle app appena installate che hanno come target Android 13 e versioni successive: l'autorizzazione viene negata per impostazione predefinita.

Scopri di più sulle modifiche all'autorizzazione per la pianificazione di sveglie precise.

Le trasmissioni registrate in base al contesto vengono messe in coda mentre le app vengono memorizzate nella cache

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

Le app possono terminare solo i propri processi in background

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

Note: It isn't possible for a 3rd-party application to improve the memory, power, or thermal behavior of an Android device. You should ensure that your app is compliant with Google Play's policy regarding misleading claims.

L'MTU è impostata su 517 per il primo client GATT che richiede un'MTU

从 Android 14 开始，Android 蓝牙堆栈会更严格地遵循 蓝牙核心规范 5.2 版，并在第一个 GATT 客户端使用 BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API 请求 MTU 时将 BLE ATT MTU 请求设为 517 字节，并忽略该 ACL 连接上的所有后续 MTU 请求。

注意 ：除非外围设备未正确处理 MTU 协商并接受任何 MTU 大小（即使不支持），否则此更改不会产生影响。在这种情况下，当您的应用从 Android 14 设备发送大量数据时，可能会导致出现问题。

如需解决此更改并使您的应用更为稳健，请考虑以下选项：

• 您的外围设备应使用外围设备可以容纳的合理值来响应 Android 设备的 MTU 请求。最终协商的值将是 Android 请求的值和远程提供的值（例如 min(517, remoteMtu)）的较小值
  • 实现此修复程序可能需要更新外围设备的固件
• 或者，您也可以根据外围设备的已知支持值与收到的 MTU 更改值之间的最小值来限制 GATT 特征写入
  • 提醒您，应将标头的支持大小减小 5 个字节
  • 例如：arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

Nuovo motivo per cui un'app può essere inserita nel bucket di standby con limitazioni

Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket. The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob, onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts. (See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes to onStartJob and onStopJob.)

Note: See power management to see how the app is impacted if it is placed into the restricted bucket. The app is moved back to the active bucket when the user launches the app to the foreground, just as in previous Android versions.

To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket, we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.

mlock limitato a 64 KB

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

Il sistema applica l'utilizzo delle risorse delle app memorizzate nella cache

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

Esperienza utente

Modifiche all'esperienza degli utenti con le notifiche non ignorabili

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

• When the phone is locked
• If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

• CallStyle notifications
• Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
• Media notifications
• The default Search Selector package

Le informazioni sulla sicurezza dei dati sono più visibili

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Accessibilità

Ridimensionamento non lineare dei caratteri fino al 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

Sicurezza

Livello API target installabile minimo

A partire da Android 14, le app con un targetSdkVersion minore di 23 non può essere installato. Richiedere alle app di soddisfare questi livelli API target minimi di sicurezza migliorano la sicurezza e la privacy degli utenti.

Il malware spesso prende di mira livelli API meno recenti per aggirare la sicurezza e la privacy che sono state introdotte nelle versioni più recenti di Android. Ad esempio: alcune app malware utilizzano un valore targetSdkVersion pari a 22 per evitare di essere soggette di autorizzazione di runtime introdotto nel 2015 da Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API livello 23). Questa modifica ad Android 14 rende più difficile per il malware evitare la sicurezza e miglioramenti della privacy. Il tentativo di installare un'app che ha come target un livello API inferiore comporterà un di installazione non riuscita, con il seguente messaggio visualizzato in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

Sui dispositivi su cui viene eseguito l'upgrade ad Android 14, tutte le app con un targetSdkVersion inferiore rimarranno installate.

Se devi testare un'app che ha come target un livello API precedente, utilizza il seguente comando ADB:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

I nomi dei pacchetti dei proprietari dei media potrebbero essere oscurati

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

• The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

• The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

  Caution: Use of the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission is subject to Google Play Policy.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.