功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，以帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。此外，如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用的行为变更和影响所有应用（不考虑 targetSdkVersion）的行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种可改善相机和媒体体验的功能，让您能够使用工具和硬件来支持创作者在 Android 上将其奇思妙想变为现实。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机方面的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验演讲。

弱光增强

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

Note: Because Low Light Boost uses a different mechanism than night mode still capture, the two images won't look identical. Night mode still capture provides a better result when you just want to capture a single image, but Low Light Boost is able to show you enhanced images in real time.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

应用内相机控件

Android 15 添加了一个新扩展，用于在支持的设备上更好地控制相机硬件及其算法：

• 高级闪光灯强度调整，可让您在拍摄照片时精确控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下的闪光强度。

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板的位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的页面（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的即时通讯应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。Android 15 允许您使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间更好地平衡。

音量控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接到 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，USB 使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 扩展了对虚拟 MIDI 应用的 UMP 支持，使合成器应用能够像对待 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样将合成器应用作为虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备进行控制。

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d, the popular AV1 software decoder from VideoLAN is now available for Android devices that don't support AV1 decode in hardware. dav1d is up to 3x more performant than the legacy AV1 software decoder, enabling HD AV1 playback for more users, including some low and mid tier devices.

For now, your app needs to opt-in to using dav1d by invoking it by name "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d will be made the default AV1 software decoder in a subsequent update. This support is standardized and backported to Android 11 devices that receive Google Play system updates.

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们提高工作效率的大部分工作都围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具展开，但我们一直致力于在平台中寻找能够帮助您更轻松地实现愿景的方法。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

• Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
• Streams
• Additional math and strictmath methods
• util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
• ByteBuffer support in Deflater
• Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改进

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer API surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.

优化自动语言切换功能

Android 14 增加了设备端音频中的多语言识别功能，可在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致单词丢失，尤其是在语言切换时，两种话语之间的停顿较少时。Android 15 添加了额外的控件，可帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制为仅在音频会话开始时进行，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 则会在指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您希望自动检测到会话期间只讲一种语言，这些选项特别有用。

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。现在，您可以 基于可变字体创建 FontFamily 实例，而不指定 使用 buildVariableFamily API 绘制权重轴。文本渲染程序替换项 wght 轴的值，以与显示的文本匹配。

使用新的 API，这可以简化用于创建 Typeface 的代码 大量：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了如何同时使用新旧 API 创建 Typeface 呈现：

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 不包含 为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细 Font 实例，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在 在此示例中，系统会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450， 依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会动态创建 给定权重的 Font 实例，因此系统会渲染 350 的准确权重， 450、550 和 650。

精细的换行符控件

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

应用归档

Android 和 Google Play 去年宣布支持应用归档，这让用户可以通过从 Google Play 上使用 Android App Bundle 发布的部分不常用的应用来释放空间。Android 15 现在包含对应用归档和取消归档的操作系统级支持，因此所有应用商店都可以更轻松地实现此功能。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 权限的应用可以调用 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法来请求归档已安装的应用软件包，此操作会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件，但会保留用户数据。已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps API 作为可显示的应用返回；用户会看到界面处理方式，以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用，相关安装程序将收到将其取消归档的请求，并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 广播监控恢复过程。

显卡

Android 15 引入了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 和对 Canvas 图形系统添加的补充。

对 Android 的 GPU 访问进行现代化改造

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

画布方面的改进

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并增添了新功能：

• Matrix44 提供了一个用于转换坐标的 4x4 矩阵，当您想要处理 3D 画布时，应使用此矩阵。
• clipShader 将当前裁剪与指定着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将裁剪设置为当前裁剪和着色器的差异，其中各自将着色器视为 Alpha 蒙版。这有助于高效绘制复杂形状。

性能和电池

Android 将继续致力于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了新的 API，可帮助提高应用中的任务执行效率、优化应用性能以及收集有关应用的数据洞见。

如需了解省电最佳实践、调试网络和耗电量，并详细了解我们如何提高 Android 15 和较新版本的 Android 中后台工作的电池效率，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 后台工作的电池效率演讲。

应用程序启动信息 API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

详细的应用大小信息

自 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）起，Android 就一直包含 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，该 API 将应用的安装大小汇总为一个字节，这些字节是 APK 大小、从 APK 中提取的文件的大小以及设备上生成的文件（例如预先 (AOT) 编译代码）的总和。就应用的存储空间使用情况而言，此数字并不富有见解。

Android 15 增加了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可让您深入了解应用如何使用所有空间，包括 APK 文件拆分、AOT 和加速相关代码、dex 元数据、库和引导式配置文件。

由应用管理的性能分析

Android 15 包含全新的 ProfilingManager 类，可让您从应用内收集性能分析信息。我们计划使用 Android Jetpack API 封装该类，这将简化性能分析请求的构建过程，但核心 API 将允许收集堆转储、堆配置文件、堆栈采样等信息。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调，用于标识输出文件，该文件将传递到应用的文件目录。该 API 会限制速率限制，以最大限度地降低对性能的影响。

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 15 introduces new SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: new APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隐私权

Android 15 包含各种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 添加了对应用的支持，以检测 正在录制。每当应用转换时，系统都会调用回调 在屏幕录制内容中处于可见与隐藏状态之间。应用 如果注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity 正在录制。这样一来，如果您的应用正在执行敏感操作，您可以 可以告知用户其正在录制。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the new <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the new android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

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您可以通过解锁和锁定私密空间来显示或隐藏私密空间 敏感应用。

私密空间可让用户在设备上创建单独的空间 保护敏感应用免遭窥探， 身份验证。私密空间使用单独的用户个人资料。用户可以 选择为私密空间使用设备锁定或单独的锁定因素。

私密空间中的应用显示在启动器中的单独容器中，并且 不会显示在“最近用过”视图、通知、设置和其他应用中 在私密空间处于锁定状态时显示通知用户生成的内容（例如 媒体或文件），而账号会在私密空间和 主空间系统 Sharesheet 和 照片选择器：用于授权应用访问内容

用户无法将现有应用及其数据移至私密空间。相反， 用户在私密空间中选择安装选项，以便使用 无论他们喜欢哪家应用商店私密空间中的应用会以下列身份安装： 来自主空间中任何应用的单独副本（同一应用的新副本）。

当用户锁定私密空间后，系统会停用相应个人资料。而配置文件 已停止，私密空间中的应用不再有效，无法执行 前台或后台 activity，包括显示通知。

我们建议您使用私密空间测试您的应用，以确保您的应用 按预期运行，尤其是当应用属于以下某种情况时 类别：

• 具有工作资料逻辑的应用（假定任何 不在主资料中的已安装应用副本 工作资料。
• 医疗应用
• 启动器应用
• 应用商店中的应用

。

注意： Beta 2 中存在一个与私密空间有关的已知问题，此问题会影响应用 图标。针对此问题的修复程序已包含在测试版中 2.2 及更高版本。

查询所选照片访问权限的最近用户选择

It is now possible for apps to highlight only the most recently selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展程序，以及最新版 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们致力于开发新的技术，以便更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造有效的个性化广告体验。这项新功能是我们的工作的一部分。我们的隐私沙盒页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，以帮助您开始使用。

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for new data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

局部屏幕共享

Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is now required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 为应用开发者和用户提供了更大的控制权和更大的灵活性，让他们能够根据自己的需求配置其设备。

如需详细了解如何使用 Android 15 中的最新改进来改善应用的用户体验，请参阅 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验演讲。

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更丰富的微件预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 在画中画 (PiP) 方面引入了一些新变化，确保 更流畅的过渡效果。这有利于 应用的界面元素会叠加在主界面（进入画中画模式）上。

开发者使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来定义逻辑 用于切换叠加界面元素的可见性。此回调是 在画中画进入或退出动画播放完毕时触发。距离开始还有 Android 15 中，PictureInPictureUiState 类包含一个新状态。

采用这种新的界面状态后，以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用将遵守 使用以下参数调用 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调： isTransitioningToPip()。还有 在画中画模式下，有很多与应用无关的界面元素， 包含建议、 评分和标题当应用进入画中画模式时，请使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调以隐藏这些界面元素。当 应用从画中画窗口进入全屏模式，使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调以取消隐藏这些元素，如 请参阅以下示例：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

不相关界面元素的快速可见性切换（适用于画中画窗口）有助于 确保画中画播放动画更流畅、无闪烁。

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支持使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 按渠道为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，以便用户可以区分不同类型的通知，而无需看自己的设备。

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 支持您的应用充分利用 Android 的外形规格，包括大屏设备、可折叠设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏设备多任务处理功能

Android 15 为用户提供了更好的在大屏设备上进行多任务处理的方式。例如，用户可以保存他们喜欢的分屏应用组合以快速访问，还可以固定屏幕上的任务栏以在应用之间快速切换。这意味着，确保应用具有自适应能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

Google I/O 大会举办了有关构建自适应 Android 应用和使用 Material 3 自适应库构建界面的会议，这对您有所帮助。我们的文档中包含更多可以帮助您针对大屏幕进行设计的文档。

封面屏幕支持

Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to allow your Application or Activity to be presented on the small cover screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.

网络连接

Android 15 将更新平台，让您的应用能够利用通信和无线技术的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 继续扩展对卫星连接的平台支持，并添加了一些界面元素，以确保在卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 检测设备何时连接到卫星，从而更好地了解为什么全网络服务不可用。此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接收发信息。

设备连接到卫星时显示通知。

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 致力于打造更顺畅、更可靠的感应式付款体验，同时继续支持 Android 强大的 NFC 应用生态系统。在受支持的设备上，应用可以请求 NfcAdapter 进入观察模式。在该模式下，设备会监听 NFC 读取器但不会响应 NFC 读取器，从而将应用的 NFC 服务 PollingFrame 对象发送给系统进行处理。PollingFrame 对象可用于在与 NFC 读取器首次通信之前进行身份验证，以便在许多情况下实现一键交易。

此外，应用现在可以在受支持的设备上注册过滤器，以便接收轮询循环 activity 的通知，从而与多个 NFC 感知应用顺畅运行。

钱包角色

Android 15 引入了一个新的钱包角色，可让您与用户首选的钱包应用更紧密地集成。此角色取代了 NFC 默认的感应式付款设置。用户可以通过导航到设置 > 应用 > 默认应用来管理 Google 钱包角色持有者。

在为付款类别中注册的 AID 路由 NFC 触碰时，可使用“钱包”角色。除非已在前台运行为同一 AID 注册的另一个应用，否则点按操作会始终转到钱包角色持有者。

此角色还可用于确定钱包“快速访问”功能块在启用后应转到的位置。当角色设置为“无”时，“快速访问”功能块不可用，并且付款类别 NFC 触碰仅会传送到前台应用。

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用的安全性，保护应用数据，并让用户更清楚地了解和控制其数据。如需详细了解我们正在改进用户保护措施并保护您的应用免受新威胁的威胁，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的保护 Android 用户安全演讲。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端到端加密的密钥管理

我们在 Android 15 中引入了 E2eeContactKeysManager，它提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于 Android 应用中的端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，使用户能够集中管理和验证其联系人的公钥。

对内容 URI 进行权限检查

Android 15 引入了一组可对内容 URI 执行权限检查的新 API：

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：这会对内容 URI 执行完整的权限检查。
• Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：这会在 activity 启动时，对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
• Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：这表示启动 activity 的应用。

无障碍功能

Android 15 增加了可改进用户无障碍功能的功能。

改进盲文

在 Android 15 中，TalkBack 可以支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，有助于 Android 随着时间的推移而支持更广泛的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 增加了一些可在设备以不同语言使用时补充用户体验的功能。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现已成为可变字体。可变字体为 CJK 语言的广告素材排版开辟了新的可能性。设计师可以探索更广泛的样式，并创建以前难以或无法实现的具有视觉冲击力的布局。

中文、日语和韩语 (CJK) 语言的可变字体在不同字体宽度下的显示效果。

字符间对齐

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自动换行符配置

Android 从 Android 13（API 级别 33）开始针对日语和韩语支持基于短语的换行符。不过，虽然基于短语的换行符可以提高短行文本的可读性，但不适用于较长的文本。在 Android 15 中，应用现在可以使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 选项为短文本行应用基于短语的换行符。此选项用于选择最适合该文本的文字样式选项。

对于简短的文本行，使用基于短语的换行符，其功能与 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE 相同，如下图所示：

对于简短的文本行，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 会采用基于短语的换行符，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE 相同。

对于较长的文本，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 使用不换行的字词样式，其功能与 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE 相同，如下图所示：

对于较长的文本，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 不会应用换行字词样式，以提高文本的可读性。 这与应用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE 相同。

全新日语 Hentaigana 字体

在 Android 15 中，默认情况下捆绑了旧版日语平假名（称为 Hentaigana）的新字体文件。形态独特的 Hentaigana 角色可为艺术作品或设计增添独特的风格，同时有助于准确传达和理解古代日本文献。

日语 Hentaigana 字体的字符和文字样式。

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