Testes de integração com o WorkManager

O WorkManager oferece um artefato work-testing que ajuda no teste dos workers.

Configurar

Para usar o artefato work-testing, adicione-o como uma dependência androidTestImplementation em build.gradle.

Groovy

dependencies {
    def work_version = "2.5.0"

    ...

    // optional - Test helpers
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version"
}

Kotlin

dependencies {
    val work_version = "2.4.0"

    ...

    // optional - Test helpers
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version")
}

Para mais informações sobre como adicionar dependências, consulte a seção sobre declaração de dependências nas Notas da versão do WorkManager.

Observação: a partir da versão 2.1.0, o WorkManager fornece as classes TestWorkerBuilder e TestListenableWorkerBuilder, que permitem testar a lógica de negócios nos workers sem ter que inicializar WorkManager com WorkManagerTestInitHelper. A Implementação de testes do worker abrange essas classes. O material nesta página ainda é útil para quando você para realizar testes de integração.

Observação: é altamente recomendável usar TestListenableWorkerBuilder para testar CoroutineWorker implementações, já que o artefato work-testing usa Dispatchers.Default em vez do modelo de implementação do worker, CoroutineDispatcher. Mais informações sobre essa API podem ser encontradas em Implementação de testes do worker.

Conceitos

work-testing oferece uma implementação especial do WorkManager para o modo de teste, que é inicializado usando WorkManagerTestInitHelper.

O artefato work-testing também oferece um SynchronousExecutor, que facilita a gravação de testes de maneira síncrona, sem precisar processar várias linhas de execução, bloqueios ou travas.

Veja um exemplo de como usar todas essas classes juntas:

Kotlin

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class BasicInstrumentationTest {
    @Before
    fun setup() {
        val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext()
        val config = Configuration.Builder()
            .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG)
            .setExecutor(SynchronousExecutor())
            .build()

        // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests.
        WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager(context, config)
    }
}

Java

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class BasicInstrumentationTest {
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();
        Configuration config = new Configuration.Builder()
                .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG)
                .setExecutor(new SynchronousExecutor())
                .build();

        // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests.
        WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager(
            context, config);
    }
}

Estruturar testes

Agora que o WorkManager foi inicializado no módulo de teste, você já pode testar seus workers.

Digamos que você tenha um EchoWorker que espere alguns inputData e apenas copie (ecoe) os resultados para outputData.

Kotlin

class EchoWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters)
   : Worker(context, parameters) {
   override fun doWork(): Result {
       return when(inputData.size()) {
           0 - >Result.failure()
           else - >Result.success(inputData)
       }
   }
}

Java

public class EchoWorker extends Worker {
  public EchoWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters parameters) {
      super(context, parameters);
  }

  @NonNull
  @Override
  public Result doWork() {
      Data input = getInputData();
      if (input.size() == 0) {
          return Result.failure();
      } else {
          return Result.success(input);
      }
  }
}

Testes básicos

Veja abaixo um teste de instrumentação do Android que testa o EchoWorker. A principal conclusão nesse caso é que o teste de EchoWorker no módulo de teste é muito semelhante à forma como você usaria EchoWorker em um aplicativo real.

Kotlin

@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun testSimpleEchoWorker() {
    // Define input data
    val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)

    // Create request
    val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)
        .setInputData(input)
        .build()

    val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext)
    // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously
    // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.
    workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()
    val outputData = workInfo.outputData

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))
    assertThat(outputData, `is`(input))
}

Java

@Test
public void testSimpleEchoWorker() throws Exception {
   // Define input data
   Data input = new Data.Builder()
           .put(KEY_1, 1)
           .put(KEY_2, 2)
           .build();

   // Create request
   OneTimeWorkRequest request =
       new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)
           .setInputData(input)
           .build();

   WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext());
   // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously
   // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.
   workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();
   // Get WorkInfo and outputData
   WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();
   Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();

   // Assert
   assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));
   assertThat(outputData, is(input));
}

Vamos criar outro teste que garanta que, quando EchoWorker não receber nenhum dado, o Result esperado seja Result.failure().

Kotlin

@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun testEchoWorkerNoInput() {
   // Create request
   val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)
       .build()

   val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext)
   // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously
   // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.
   workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()
   // Get WorkInfo
   val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()

   // Assert
   assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.FAILED))
}

Java

@Test
public void testEchoWorkerNoInput() throws Exception {
  // Create request
  OneTimeWorkRequest request =
      new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)
         .build();

  WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext());
  // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously
  // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.
  workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();
  // Get WorkInfo
  WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();

  // Assert
  assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.FAILED));
}

Simule restrições, atrasos e trabalhos periódicos

WorkManagerTestInitHelper fornece uma instância de TestDriver que pode ser usada para simular o atraso inicial, condições em que restrições são atendidas para instâncias de ListenableWorker e intervalos para instâncias de PeriodicWorkRequest.

Testar atrasos iniciais

Workers podem ter atrasos iniciais. Para testar EchoWorker com um initialDelay, em vez de esperar o initialDelay no teste, use o TestDriver para marcar o atraso inicial da solicitação de trabalho como atendido usando setInitialDelayMet.

Kotlin

@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun testWithInitialDelay() {
    // Define input data
    val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)

    // Create request
    val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)
        .setInputData(input)
        .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build()

    val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext())
    // Get the TestDriver
    val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()
    // Enqueue
    workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()
    // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met.
    testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.id)
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()
    val outputData = workInfo.outputData

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))
    assertThat(outputData, `is`(input))
}

Java

@Test
public void testWithInitialDelay() throws Exception {
  // Define input data
  Data input = new Data.Builder()
          .put(KEY_1, 1)
          .put(KEY_2, 2)
          .build();

  // Create request
  OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)
          .setInputData(input)
          .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
          .build();

  WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);
  // Get the TestDriver
  TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();
  // Enqueue
  workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();
  // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met.
  testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.getId());
  // Get WorkInfo and outputData
  WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();
  Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();

  // Assert
  assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));
  assertThat(outputData, is(input));
}

Testar restrições

TestDriver também pode ser usado para marcar restrições como atendidas usando setAllConstraintsMet. Veja um exemplo de como você pode testar um Worker com restrições:

Kotlin

@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun testWithConstraints() {
    // Define input data
    val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)

    val constraints = Constraints.Builder()
        .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED)
        .build()

    // Create request
    val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)
        .setInputData(input)
        .setConstraints(constraints)
        .build()

    val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext)
    val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()
    // Enqueue
    workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()
    // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met.
    testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.id)
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()
    val outputData = workInfo.outputData

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))
    assertThat(outputData, `is`(input))
}

Java

@Test
public void testWithConstraints() throws Exception {
    // Define input data
    Data input = new Data.Builder()
            .put(KEY_1, 1)
            .put(KEY_2, 2)
            .build();

    // Define constraints
    Constraints constraints = new Constraints.Builder()
            .setRequiresDeviceIdle(true)
            .build();

    // Create request
    OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)
            .setInputData(input)
            .setConstraints(constraints)
            .build();

    WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);
    TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();
    // Enqueue
    workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();
    // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met.
    testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.getId());
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();
    Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));
    assertThat(outputData, is(input));
}

Testar trabalhos periódicos

O TestDriver também expõe um setPeriodDelayMet que pode ser usado para indicar que um intervalo está completo. Veja um exemplo de setPeriodDelayMet sendo usado.

Kotlin

@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun testPeriodicWork() {
    // Define input data
    val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)

    // Create request
    val request = PeriodicWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>15, MINUTES)
        .setInputData(input)
        .build()

    val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext)
    val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()
    // Enqueue and wait for result.
    workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()
    // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met
    testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.id)
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED))
}

Java

@Test
public void testPeriodicWork() throws Exception {
    // Define input data
    Data input = new Data.Builder()
            .put(KEY_1, 1)
            .put(KEY_2, 2)
            .build();

    // Create request
    PeriodicWorkRequest request =
            new PeriodicWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class, 15, MINUTES)
            .setInputData(input)
            .build();

    WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);
    TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();
    // Enqueue and wait for result.
    workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();
    // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met
    testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.getId());
    // Get WorkInfo and outputData
    WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();

    // Assert
    assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED));
}