WorkManager는 작업자 테스트에 도움이 되는 work-testing
아티팩트를 제공합니다.
설정
work-testing
아티팩트를 사용하려면 build.gradle
에 androidTestImplementation
종속 항목으로 추가합니다.
Groovy
dependencies { def work_version = "2.5.0" ... // optional - Test helpers androidTestImplementation "androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version" }
Kotlin
dependencies { val work_version = "2.4.0" ... // optional - Test helpers androidTestImplementation("androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version") }
종속 항목 추가에 관한 자세한 내용은 WorkManager 출시 노트의 종속 항목 선언 섹션을 참고하세요.
개념
work-testing
은 테스트 모드를 위해 특별한 WorkManager 구현을 제공하며 WorkManagerTestInitHelper
를 사용하여 초기화됩니다.
또한 work-testing
아티팩트는 여러 스레드, 잠금 및 래치를 처리할 필요 없이 동기 방식으로 테스트를 더 쉽게 작성할 수 있게 해주는 SynchronousExecutor
를 제공합니다.
다음은 이러한 모든 클래스를 함께 사용하는 방법을 예로 보여줍니다.
Kotlin
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class BasicInstrumentationTest { @Before fun setup() { val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext() val config = Configuration.Builder() .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG) .setExecutor(SynchronousExecutor()) .build() // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests. WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager(context, config) } }
자바
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class BasicInstrumentationTest { @Before public void setup() { Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(); Configuration config = new Configuration.Builder() .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG) .setExecutor(new SynchronousExecutor()) .build(); // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests. WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager( context, config); } }
테스트 구조화하기
WorkManager를 테스트 모드로 초기화했으므로 이제 작업자를 테스트할 준비가 되었습니다.
inputData
를 기다렸다가 단순히 입력을 outputData
에 복사(에코)하는 EchoWorker
를 가정해 보겠습니다.
Kotlin
class EchoWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters) : Worker(context, parameters) { override fun doWork(): Result { return when(inputData.size()) { 0 - >Result.failure() else - >Result.success(inputData) } } }
자바
public class EchoWorker extends Worker { public EchoWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters parameters) { super(context, parameters); } @NonNull @Override public Result doWork() { Data input = getInputData(); if (input.size() == 0) { return Result.failure(); } else { return Result.success(input); } } }
기본 테스트
다음은 EchoWorker
를 테스트하는 Android 계측 테스트입니다. 여기에서 핵심은 테스트 모드에서 EchoWorker
를 테스트하는 것이 실제 애플리케이션에서 EchoWorker
를 사용하는 방법과 매우 비슷하다는 것입니다.
Kotlin
@Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testSimpleEchoWorker() { // Define input data val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2) // Create request val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>) .setInputData(input) .build() val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext) // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor. workManager.enqueue(request).result.get() // Get WorkInfo and outputData val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get() val outputData = workInfo.outputData // Assert assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)) assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }
자바
@Test public void testSimpleEchoWorker() throws Exception { // Define input data Data input = new Data.Builder() .put(KEY_1, 1) .put(KEY_2, 2) .build(); // Create request OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class) .setInputData(input) .build(); WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext()); // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor. workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get(); // Get WorkInfo and outputData WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get(); Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData(); // Assert assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)); assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }
EchoWorker
가 입력 데이터를 받지 못했을 때 예상되는 Result
가 Result.failure()
인 것을 확인하는 다른 테스트를 작성해 보겠습니다.
Kotlin
@Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testEchoWorkerNoInput() { // Create request val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>) .build() val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext) // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor. workManager.enqueue(request).result.get() // Get WorkInfo val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get() // Assert assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.FAILED)) }
자바
@Test public void testEchoWorkerNoInput() throws Exception { // Create request OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class) .build(); WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext()); // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor. workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get(); // Get WorkInfo WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get(); // Assert assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.FAILED)); }
제약 조건, 지연, 주기적 작업 시뮬레이션
WorkManagerTestInitHelper
는 초기 지연, ListenableWorker
인스턴스의 제약 조건이 충족되는 조건, PeriodicWorkRequest
인스턴스의 주기를 시뮬레이션하는 데 사용할 수 있는 TestDriver
인스턴스를 제공합니다.
초기 지연 테스트
작업자에 초기 지연이 있을 수 있습니다. initialDelay
로 EchoWorker
를 테스트하려면 테스트에서 initialDelay
를 기다리지 않고 TestDriver
에서 setInitialDelayMet
을 사용하여 작업 요청의 초기 지연을 충족됨으로 표시하면 됩니다.
Kotlin
@Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testWithInitialDelay() { // Define input data val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2) // Create request val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>) .setInputData(input) .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .build() val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext()) // Get the TestDriver val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver() // Enqueue workManager.enqueue(request).result.get() // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met. testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.id) // Get WorkInfo and outputData val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get() val outputData = workInfo.outputData // Assert assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)) assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }
자바
@Test public void testWithInitialDelay() throws Exception { // Define input data Data input = new Data.Builder() .put(KEY_1, 1) .put(KEY_2, 2) .build(); // Create request OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class) .setInputData(input) .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .build(); WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext); // Get the TestDriver TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver(); // Enqueue workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get(); // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met. testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.getId()); // Get WorkInfo and outputData WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get(); Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData(); // Assert assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)); assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }
제약 조건 테스트하기
TestDriver
에서 setAllConstraintsMet
을 사용하여 제약 조건을 충족됨으로 표시할 수도 있습니다. 다음은 제약 조건으로 Worker
를 테스트할 수 있는 방법의 예입니다.
Kotlin
@Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testWithConstraints() { // Define input data val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2) val constraints = Constraints.Builder() .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED) .build() // Create request val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>) .setInputData(input) .setConstraints(constraints) .build() val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext) val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver() // Enqueue workManager.enqueue(request).result.get() // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met. testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.id) // Get WorkInfo and outputData val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get() val outputData = workInfo.outputData // Assert assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)) assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }
자바
@Test public void testWithConstraints() throws Exception { // Define input data Data input = new Data.Builder() .put(KEY_1, 1) .put(KEY_2, 2) .build(); // Define constraints Constraints constraints = new Constraints.Builder() .setRequiresDeviceIdle(true) .build(); // Create request OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class) .setInputData(input) .setConstraints(constraints) .build(); WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext); TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver(); // Enqueue workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get(); // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met. testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.getId()); // Get WorkInfo and outputData WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get(); Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData(); // Assert assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED)); assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }
주기적인 작업 테스트하기
TestDriver
은 하나의 주기가 완료되었음을 나타내는 데 사용할 수 있는 setPeriodDelayMet
도 노출합니다. 다음은 setPeriodDelayMet
을 사용하는 예입니다.
Kotlin
@Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testPeriodicWork() { // Define input data val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2) // Create request val request = PeriodicWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>15, MINUTES) .setInputData(input) .build() val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext) val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver() // Enqueue and wait for result. workManager.enqueue(request).result.get() // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.id) // Get WorkInfo and outputData val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get() // Assert assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED)) }
Java
@Test public void testPeriodicWork() throws Exception { // Define input data Data input = new Data.Builder() .put(KEY_1, 1) .put(KEY_2, 2) .build(); // Create request PeriodicWorkRequest request = new PeriodicWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class, 15, MINUTES) .setInputData(input) .build(); WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext); TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver(); // Enqueue and wait for result. workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get(); // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.getId()); // Get WorkInfo and outputData WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get(); // Assert assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED)); }