Visão geral de recursos e APIs

O Android 14 introduz ótimos recursos e APIs para desenvolvedores. As informações a seguir ajudam você a conhecer os recursos disponíveis para os apps e a começar a usar as APIs relacionadas.

Para uma lista detalhada das APIs adicionadas, modificadas e removidas, leia o Relatório de diferenças da API. Para mais detalhes sobre as APIs adicionadas, acesse a referência da API Android. No Android 14, procure as APIs que foram adicionadas no nível 34 da API. Para saber mais sobre as áreas em que as mudanças na plataforma podem afetar seus apps, consulte as mudanças de comportamento do Android 14 para apps destinados ao Android 14 e para todos os apps.

Internacionalização

Seleção de idioma por app

Android 14 扩展了 Android 13（API 级别 33）中引入的按应用设定语言功能，并包含以下额外功能：

  • 自动生成应用的 localeConfig：从 Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 和 AGP 8.1.0-alpha07 开始，您可以将应用配置为自动支持各应用语言偏好设定。Android Gradle 插件会根据您的项目资源生成 LocaleConfig 文件，并在最终清单文件中添加对该文件的引用，这样您就不再需要手动创建或更新该文件。AGP 使用应用模块的 res 文件夹中的资源以及任何库模块依赖项来确定要在 LocaleConfig 文件中添加的语言区域。

  • 动态更新应用的 localeConfig：使用 LocaleManager 方法中的 setOverrideLocaleConfig() 和 getOverrideLocaleConfig() 可以在设备的系统设置中动态更新应用的受支持语言列表。有了这种灵活性，您可以按区域自定义支持的语言列表、运行 A/B 实验，或者如果您的应用通过服务器端推送进行本地化，则可以提供更新后的语言区域列表。

  • 输入法 (IME) 的应用语言可见性：IME 可以利用 getApplicationLocales() 方法查看当前应用的语言，并将 IME 语言与该语言进行匹配。

API Grammatical Inflection

有 30 亿人在使用区分性别的语言，此类语言的语法类别（例如名词、动词、形容词和介词）会根据您交谈所涉及的人或物的性别而变化。传统上，许多区分性别的语言使用阳性语法性别作为默认或通用性别。

以错误的语法性别来称呼用户，例如以阳性语法性别来称呼女性，可能会对她们的表现和态度产生负面影响。相比之下，界面语言如果能正确反映用户的语法性别，就可以提高用户互动度，并提供更个性化、更自然的用户体验。

为帮助您针对区分性别的语言构建以用户为中心的界面，Android 14 引入了 Grammatical Inflection API，让您无需重构应用便能添加对语法性别的支持。

Preferências regionais

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Acessibilidade

Dimensionamento de fonte não linear para 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Câmera e mídia

Ultra HDR para imagens

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, foco, pós-visualização e muito mais nas extensões da câmera

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom no sensor

Quando REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE em CameraCharacteristics contém SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, o app pode usar recursos avançados do sensor para fornecer a um fluxo RAW cortado os mesmos pixels do campo de visão completo usando um CaptureRequest com um destino RAW que tenha o caso de uso do fluxo definido como CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. Ao implementar os controles de substituição de solicitação, a câmera atualizada oferece aos usuários o controle de zoom antes mesmo que outros controles da câmera estejam prontos.

Áudio USB sem perdas

O Android 14 oferece suporte a formatos de áudio sem perda para experiências de áudio de alta qualidade com fones de ouvido com fio USB. É possível consultar um dispositivo USB para saber os atributos de mixer preferidos, registrar um listener para mudanças nos atributos de mixer preferidos e configurar atributos de mixer usando a classe AudioMixerAttributes. Essa classe representa o formato, como máscara de canal, taxa de amostragem e comportamento do mixer de áudio. A classe permite que o áudio seja enviado diretamente, sem mixagem, ajuste de volume ou efeitos de processamento.

Produtividade e ferramentas para desenvolvedores

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Conexão Saúde

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Atualizações do OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Melhorias para app stores

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Pacotes de metadados do app

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Detectar quando usuários fazem capturas de tela no dispositivo

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Experiência do usuário

Ações personalizadas e melhoria na classificação do Sharesheet

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Suporte a animações de voltas preditivas integradas e personalizadas

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

Substituições por app do fabricante de dispositivos de tela grande

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Substituições por app do usuário de tela grande

按应用替换项会更改应用在大屏设备上的行为。例如，无论应用的配置如何，OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE 设备制造商替换项都会将应用宽高比设置为 16:9。

借助 Android 14 QPR1，用户可以在大屏设备上通过新的设置菜单应用按应用替换项。

Compartilhamento de tela de app

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Resposta inteligente com tecnologia LLM no Gboard do Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Gráficos

Os caminhos podem ser consultados e interpolados

Android 的 Path API 是一种强大且灵活的机制，可用于创建和渲染矢量图形，能够描边或填充路径、根据线段或二次曲线或立方曲线构建路径、执行布尔运算以获取更复杂的形状，或同时执行所有这些操作。但有一个限制是，您无法了解 Path 对象中实际包含的内容；该对象的内部信息在创建后对调用方是不透明的。

如需创建 Path，您可以调用 moveTo()、lineTo() 和 cubicTo() 等方法来添加路径段。但是，无法询问该路径有哪些片段，因此您必须在创建时保留该信息。

从 Android 14 开始，您可以查询路径以了解其内部内容。首先，您需要使用 Path.getPathIterator API 获取 PathIterator 对象：

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

接下来，您可以调用 PathIterator 逐个遍历片段，并检索每个片段的所有必要数据。以下示例使用了 PathIterator.Segment 对象，它会为您打包数据：

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator 还有一个非分配版 next()，您可以在其中传入缓冲区来保存点数据。

查询 Path 数据的一个重要用例是插值。例如，您可能想在两个不同的路径之间添加动画（或变形）。为了进一步简化该用例，Android 14 针对 Path 还包含 interpolate() 方法。假设两个路径具有相同的内部结构，interpolate() 方法会使用该插值结果创建一个新的 Path。以下示例返回了一个形状介于 path 和 otherPath 之间的一半（线性插值为 0.5）的路径：

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

Jetpack graphics-path 库也为早期版本的 Android 启用了类似的 API。

Meshes personalizadas com sombreadores de vértice e fragmento

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderizador de buffer de hardware para Canvas

协助使用 Android 的 Canvas API 通过 硬件加速至 HardwareBuffer、Android 14 引入了 HardwareBufferRenderer。如果您的用例涉及通过 SurfaceControl 与系统合成器通信以实现低延迟绘制，此 API 特别有用。