Descripción general de las funciones y API

Android 14 incluye excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. A continuación, se incluyen secciones que te ayudarán a obtener información sobre las funciones de tus apps y a comenzar a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Para obtener una lista detallada de las APIs agregadas, modificadas y quitadas, consulta el informe de diferencias de la API. Para obtener detalles sobre las APIs agregadas, consulta la referencia de la API de Android. En Android 14, busca las APIs que se agregaron en el nivel de API 34. Para obtener información sobre las áreas en las que los cambios de la plataforma podrían afectar tus apps, asegúrate de revisar los cambios en el comportamiento de Android 14 para apps orientadas a Android 14 y para todas las apps.

Internacionalización

Preferencias de idioma de las apps

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API de Grammatical Inflection

有 30 亿人在使用区分性别的语言，此类语言的语法类别（例如名词、动词、形容词和介词）会根据您交谈所涉及的人或物的性别而变化。传统上，许多区分性别的语言使用阳性语法性别作为默认或通用性别。

以错误的语法性别来称呼用户，例如以阳性语法性别来称呼女性，可能会对她们的表现和态度产生负面影响。相比之下，界面语言如果能正确反映用户的语法性别，就可以提高用户互动度，并提供更个性化、更自然的用户体验。

为帮助您针对区分性别的语言构建以用户为中心的界面，Android 14 引入了 Grammatical Inflection API，让您无需重构应用便能添加对语法性别的支持。

Preferencias regionales

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accesibilidad

Escalamiento de fuente no lineal al 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Ultra HDR para imágenes

标准动态范围 (SDR) 与高动态范围 (HDR) 图片质量对比示意图。

Android 14 新增了对高动态范围 (HDR) 图片的支持，可在拍摄照片时保留更多来自传感器的信息，从而实现鲜艳的色彩和更高的对比度。Android 使用 Ultra HDR 格式，该格式与 JPEG 图片完全向后兼容，可让应用与 HDR 图片无缝互操作，并根据需要以标准动态范围 (SDR) 显示这些图片。

当您的应用选择为其 activity 窗口使用 HDR 界面（通过清单条目或通过在运行时调用 Window.setColorMode()）时，框架会自动在界面中以 HDR 格式渲染这些图片。您还可以在受支持的设备上拍摄压缩的 Ultra HDR 静态图片。从传感器中恢复的颜色越多，后期编辑的灵活性就越高。与 Ultra HDR 图片关联的 Gainmap 可用于使用 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 渲染这些图片。

Zoom, enfoque, Postview y más en las extensiones de cámara

Android 14 actualiza y mejora las extensiones de la cámara, lo que permite que las apps manejen tiempos de procesamiento más largos, lo que permite mejorar las imágenes con algoritmos intensivos en procesamiento, como la fotografía con poca luz en dispositivos compatibles. Estas funciones les brindan a los usuarios una experiencia aún más sólida cuando usan las funciones de extensión de la cámara. Entre los ejemplos de estas mejoras, se incluyen los siguientes:

Zoom en el sensor

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Audio USB sin pérdida

Android 14 admite formatos de audio sin pérdida para experiencias de nivel de audiófilo con auriculares con cable USB. Puedes consultar un dispositivo USB para obtener sus atributos de mezclador preferidos, registrar un objeto de escucha para detectar cambios en los atributos de mezclador preferidos y configurar los atributos de mezclador con la clase AudioMixerAttributes. Esta clase representa el formato, como la máscara de canales, la tasa de muestreo y el comportamiento del mezclador de audio. La clase permite que el audio se envíe directamente, sin mezclar, ajustar el volumen ni procesar efectos.

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continúa la tarea de actualizar las bibliotecas principales de Android para alinearlas con las funciones de las versiones más recientes de LTS de OpenJDK, lo que incluye las actualizaciones de bibliotecas y la compatibilidad con el lenguaje Java 17 para desarrolladores de apps y plataformas.

Se incluyen las siguientes funciones y mejoras:

  • Se actualizaron aproximadamente 300 clases java.base para admitir Java 17.
  • Bloques de texto, que introducen literales de cadena de varias líneas en el lenguaje de programación Java.
  • Coincidencia de patrones para instanceof, que permite que un objeto se trate como si tuviera un tipo específico en un instanceof sin variables adicionales.
  • Clases selladas, que te permiten restringir qué clases e interfaces pueden extenderlas o implementarlas.

Gracias a las actualizaciones del sistema de Google Play (Project Mainline), más de 600 millones de dispositivos están habilitados para recibir las actualizaciones más recientes de Android Runtime (ART) que incluyen estos cambios. Esto forma parte de nuestro compromiso de brindar a las apps un entorno más seguro y coherente en todos los dispositivos, y de ofrecer funciones y capacidades nuevas a los usuarios, independientemente de los lanzamientos de la plataforma.

Java y OpenJDK son marcas o marcas registradas de Oracle o sus afiliados.

Mejoras para tiendas de aplicaciones

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Paquetes de metadatos de la app

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Detecta cuando los usuarios toman capturas de pantalla del dispositivo

为了打造更加标准化的屏幕截图检测体验，Android 14 引入了可保护隐私的屏幕截图检测 API。借助此 API，应用可以按 activity 注册回调。如果用户在该 activity 可见时截取屏幕截图，系统会调用这些回调并通知用户。

Experiencia del usuario

Acciones personalizadas y clasificación mejorada de Sharesheet

Android 14 更新了系统 Sharesheet，以便为用户提供自定义应用操作和信息更丰富的预览结果。

添加自定义操作

对于 Android 14，您的应用可以向其调用的系统 Sharesheet 添加自定义操作。

分享表格中自定义操作的屏幕截图。

提高直接共享目标的排名

Android 14 根据来自应用的更多信号来确定直接共享目标的排名，以便为用户提供更实用的结果。为了提供最实用的排名信号，请遵循提高直接共享目标排名的准则。通讯应用还可以报告出站和入站消息的快捷方式使用情况。

共享表单中的“直接分享”行，如 1
所示

Compatibilidad con animaciones integradas y personalizadas para el gesto atrás predictivo

视频：预测性返回动画

Android 13 在开发者选项背后引入了预测性“返回主屏幕”动画。在已启用开发者选项的受支持应用中使用时，滑回手势会显示动画，表明返回手势会使应用退回到主屏幕。

Android 14 包含针对“预测性返回”的多项改进和新指南：

在此 Android 14 预览版中，所有预测性返回功能都是位于开发者选项背后。请参阅与将您的应用迁移到预测性返回有关的开发者指南，以及与创建自定义应用内转换有关的开发者指南。

Anulaciones por app del fabricante de dispositivos con pantalla grande

借助按应用替换项，设备制造商可以更改应用在大屏设备上的行为。例如，FORCE_RESIZE_APP 替换项会指示系统调整应用大小以适应显示屏尺寸（避免进入尺寸兼容模式），即使在应用清单中设置了 resizeableActivity="false" 也是如此。

替换项旨在改善大屏设备上的用户体验。

借助新的清单属性，您可以为应用停用某些设备制造商替换项。

Anulaciones por app para usuarios de pantallas grandes

Las anulaciones por app cambian el comportamiento de las apps en dispositivos con pantallas grandes. Por ejemplo, la anulación del fabricante del dispositivo OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE establece la relación de aspecto de la app en 16:9, independientemente de su configuración.

QPR1 de Android 14 permite que los usuarios apliquen anulaciones por app a través de un nuevo menú de configuración en dispositivos con pantalla grande.

Compartir pantalla de una app

La función de compartir pantalla de una app permite a los usuarios compartir una ventana de la app en lugar de toda la pantalla del dispositivo durante la grabación de contenido de pantalla.

Con el uso compartido de pantalla de la app, la barra de estado, la barra de navegación, las notificaciones y otros elementos de la IU del sistema se excluyen de la pantalla compartida. Solo se comparte el contenido de la app seleccionada.

El uso compartido de pantalla de la app mejora la productividad y la privacidad, ya que permite que los usuarios ejecuten varias apps, pero limitan el uso compartido de contenido a una sola app.

Respuesta inteligente potenciada por LLM en Gboard en el Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Gráficos

Las rutas de acceso son consultables e interpolables

La API de Path de Android es un mecanismo potente y flexible para crear y renderizar gráficos vectoriales, con la capacidad de dibujar o rellenar una ruta, construir una ruta a partir de segmentos de línea o curvas cuadráticas o cúbicas, realizar operaciones booleanas para obtener formas aún más complejas o todas estas acciones de forma simultánea. Una limitación es la capacidad de descubrir lo que hay realmente en un objeto Path; los componentes internos del objeto son opacos para los llamadores después de su creación.

Para crear un Path, debes llamar a métodos como moveTo(), lineTo() y cubicTo() para agregar segmentos de ruta. Sin embargo, no hay forma de preguntarle a esa ruta cuáles son los segmentos, por lo que debes conservar esa información en el momento de la creación.

A partir de Android 14, puedes consultar rutas de acceso para descubrir su contenido. Primero, debes obtener un objeto PathIterator con la API de Path.getPathIterator:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

A continuación, puedes llamar a PathIterator para iterar a través de los segmentos uno por uno y recuperar todos los datos necesarios de cada segmento. En este ejemplo, se usan objetos PathIterator.Segment, que agrupan los datos por ti:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator también tiene una versión de next() no asignable en la que puedes pasar un búfer para contener los datos de puntos.

Uno de los casos de uso importantes para consultar datos de Path es la interpolación. Por ejemplo, podrías animar (o transformar) entre dos rutas diferentes. Para simplificar aún más ese caso de uso, Android 14 también incluye el método interpolate() en Path. Si suponemos que las dos rutas de acceso tienen la misma estructura interna, el método interpolate() crea un Path nuevo con ese resultado interpolado. En este ejemplo, se muestra una ruta cuya forma está incompleta (una interpolación lineal de 0.5) entre path y otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

La biblioteca graphics-path de Jetpack también habilita APIs similares para versiones anteriores de Android.

Mallas personalizadas con sombreadores de vértices y fragmentos

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Procesador de búfer de hardware para Canvas

协助使用 Android 的 Canvas API 通过 硬件加速至 HardwareBuffer、Android 14 引入了 HardwareBufferRenderer。如果您的用例涉及通过 SurfaceControl 与系统合成器通信以实现低延迟绘制，此 API 特别有用。