Cambios en el comportamiento: apps orientadas a Android 16 o versiones posteriores

Al igual que las versiones anteriores, Android 16 incluye cambios de comportamiento que podrían afectar tu app. Los siguientes cambios se aplican exclusivamente a las apps orientadas a Android 16 o versiones posteriores. Si tu app está orientada a Android 16 o versiones posteriores, debes modificarla para que admita estos comportamientos, cuando corresponda.

Asegúrate de revisar también la lista de cambios de comportamiento que afectan a todas las apps que se ejecutan en Android 16, independientemente de targetSdkVersion de la app.

Experiencia del usuario y IU del sistema

Android 16 incluye los siguientes cambios, cuyo objetivo es crear una experiencia del usuario más intuitiva y coherente.

La inhabilitación de la pantalla de borde a borde dejará de estar disponible

Android 15 enforced edge-to-edge for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), but your app could opt-out by setting R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement to true. For apps targeting Android 16, R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement is deprecated and disabled, and your app can't opt-out of going edge-to-edge.

For testing in Android 16 Beta 2, ensure your app supports edge-to-edge and remove any use of R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement. To support edge-to-edge, see the Compose and Views guidance. Let us know about concerns in our issue tracker on the feedback page.

Migración o inhabilitación obligatoria para el gesto atrás predictivo

对于以 Android 16 或更高版本为目标平台且在 Android 16 或更高版本的设备上运行的应用，预测性返回系统动画（返回主屏幕、跨任务和跨 activity）默认处于启用状态。此外，系统不会调用 onBackPressed，也不会再调度 KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK。

如果您的应用拦截了返回事件，并且您尚未迁移到预测性返回，请更新应用以使用受支持的返回导航 API；或者，在应用的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件的 <application> 或 <activity> 标记中将 android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback 属性设置为 false，以暂时停用此功能。

“返回主页”预测性返回动画。

预测性跨 activity 动画。

预测性跨任务动画。

Las APIs de fuentes elegantes dejaron de estar disponibles y se inhabilitaron

Apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) have the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute set to true by default, replacing the compact font with one that is much more readable. You could override this by setting the elegantTextHeight attribute to false.

Android 16 deprecates the elegantTextHeight attribute, and the attribute will be ignored once your app targets Android 16. The "UI fonts" controlled by these APIs are being discontinued, so you should adapt any layouts to ensure consistent and future proof text rendering in Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower, or for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) that overrided the default by setting the elegantTextHeight attribute to false.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 16, or for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) that didn't override the default by setting the elegantTextHeight attribute to false.

Funcionalidad principal

Android 16 incluye los siguientes cambios que modifican o expanden varias funciones principales del sistema Android.

Optimización de la programación de trabajo con tarifa fija

Prior to targeting Android 16, when scheduleAtFixedRate missed a task execution due to being outside a valid process lifecycle, all missed executions immediately execute when the app returns to a valid lifecycle.

When targeting Android 16, at most one missed execution of scheduleAtFixedRate is immediately executed when the app returns to a valid lifecycle. This behavior change is expected to improve app performance. Test this behavior in your app to check if your app is impacted. You can also test by using the app compatibility framework and enabling the STPE_SKIP_MULTIPLE_MISSED_PERIODIC_TASKS compat flag.

Factores de forma de los dispositivos

Android 16 incluye los siguientes cambios para las apps cuando se muestran en dispositivos de pantalla grande.

Diseños adaptables

With Android apps now running on a variety of devices (such as phones, tablets, foldables, desktops, cars, and TVs) and windowing modes on large screens (such as split screen and desktop windowing), developers should build Android apps that adapt to any screen and window size, regardless of device orientation. Paradigms like restricting orientation and resizability are too restrictive in today's multidevice world.

Ignore orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions

For apps targeting Android 16, Android 16 includes changes to how the system manages orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions. On displays with smallest width >= 600dp, the restrictions no longer apply. Apps also fill the entire display window, regardless of aspect ratio or a user's preferred orientation, and pillarboxing isn't used.

This change introduces a new standard platform behavior. Android is moving toward a model where apps are expected to adapt to various orientations, display sizes, and aspect ratios. Restrictions like fixed orientation or limited resizability hinder app adaptability, so we recommend making your app adaptive to deliver the best possible user experience.

You can also test this behavior by using the [app compatibility framework][a16-kilo-14] and enabling the UNIVERSAL_RESIZABLE_BY_DEFAULT compat flag.

Important: If you encounter a bug preventing these changes from being applied in the Android Studio emulator, use the prescribed workaround until the fix is released in Beta 2.

Common breaking changes

Ignoring orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions might impact your app's UI on some devices, especially elements that were designed for small layouts locked in portrait orientation: for example, issues like stretched layouts and off-screen animations and components. Any assumptions about aspect ratio or orientation can cause visual issues with your app. Learn more about how to avoid them and improve your app's adaptive behaviour.

Allowing device rotation results in more activity re-creation, which can result in losing user state if not properly preserved. Learn how to correctly save UI state in Save UI states.

Implementation details

The following manifest attributes and runtime APIs are ignored across large screen devices in full-screen and multi-window modes:

• screenOrientation
• resizableActivity
• minAspectRatio
• maxAspectRatio
• setRequestedOrientation()
• getRequestedOrientation()

The following values for screenOrientation, setRequestedOrientation(), and getRequestedOrientation() are ignored:

• portrait
• reversePortrait
• sensorPortrait
• userPortrait
• landscape
• reverseLandscape
• sensorLandscape
• userLandscape

Regarding display resizability, android:resizeableActivity="false", android:minAspectRatio, and android:maxAspectRatio have no effect.

For apps targeting Android 16, app orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio constraints are ignored on large screens by default, but every app that isn't fully ready can temporarily override this behavior by opting out (which results in the previous behavior of being placed in compatibility mode).

Exceptions

The Android 16 orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions don't apply in the following situations:

• Games (based on the android:appCategory flag)
• Users explicitly opting in to the app's default behavior in aspect ratio settings of the device
• Screens that are smaller than sw600dp

Opt out temporarily

To opt out a specific activity, declare the PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY manifest property:

<activity ...>
  <property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
  ...
</activity>

If too many parts of your app aren't ready for Android 16, you can opt out completely by applying the same property at the application level:

<application ...>
  <property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
</application>

Important: The opt-out is temporary and won't apply when targeting API level 37 in a future Android release. That is, for apps targeting API level 37, orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions are ignored on displays that are at least sw600dp.

Salud y fitness

Android 16 incluye los siguientes cambios relacionados con los datos de salud y fitness.

Permisos de salud y fitness

For apps targeting Android 16 or higher, BODY_SENSORS permissions are transitioning to the granular permissions under android.permissions.health also used by Health Connect. Any API previously requiring BODY_SENSORS or BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND now requires the corresponding android.permissions.health permission. This affects the following data types, APIs, and foreground service types:

• HEART_RATE_BPM from Wear Health Services
• Sensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE from Android Sensor Manager
• heartRateAccuracy and heartRateBpm from Wear ProtoLayout
• FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH where the respective android.permission.health permission is needed in place of BODY_SENSORS

If your app uses these APIs, it should now request the respective granular permissions:

• For while-in-use monitoring of Heart Rate, SpO2, or Skin Temperature: request the granular permission under android.permissions.health, such as READ_HEART_RATE instead of BODY_SENSORS.
• For background sensor access: request READ_HEALTH_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND instead of BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND.

These permissions are the same as those that guard access to reading data from Health Connect, the Android datastore for health, fitness, and wellness data.