功能和 API

Android 16 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需详细了解新增、修改和移除的 API，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。

您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

• 对以 Android 16 为目标平台的应用有影响的行为变更
• 无论 targetSdkVersion 如何，都会影响所有应用的行为变更。

核心功能

Android 包含可扩展 Android 系统核心功能的新 API。

2025 年发布两个 Android API

• This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
• We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
• We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.

In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.

We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.

Using new APIs with major and minor releases

Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using the SDK_INT constant with VERSION_CODES. This will continue to be supported for major Android releases.

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

The new SDK_INT_FULL constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with the new VERSION_CODES_FULL enumeration.

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

You can also use the Build.getMinorSdkVersion() method to get just the minor SDK version.

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.

Note: There's no change to the target API level requirements and the associated dates for apps in Google Play; our plans are for one annual requirement each year, and that will be tied to the major API level.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 16 让应用开发者和用户可以更好地控制和灵活地配置设备，以满足他们的需求。

以进度为中心的通知

Android 16 引入了以进度为中心的通知，可帮助用户顺畅地跟踪用户发起的端到端历程。

Notification.ProgressStyle 是一种新的通知样式，可让您创建以进度为中心的通知。主要用例包括共享车辆、送货和导航。在 Notification.ProgressStyle 类中，您可以使用点和细分来表示用户体验历程中的状态和里程碑。

To learn more, see the Progress-centric notifications documentation page.

A progress-centric notification displayed on the lockscreen.

A progress-centric notification displayed in the notification shade.

预测性返回更新

Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation flow.

Android 16 additionally adds the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back gesture is invoked.

更丰富的触感反馈

Android has exposed control over the haptic actuator ever since its inception.

Android 11 added support for more complex haptic effects that more advanced actuators could support through VibrationEffect.Compositions of device-defined semantic primitives.

Android 16 adds haptic APIs that let apps define the amplitude and frequency curves of a haptic effect while abstracting away differences between device capabilities.

性能和电池

Android 16 引入了一些 API，可帮助您收集有关应用的数据分析。

系统触发的性能分析

ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the ability to request profiling data collection using Perfetto on public devices in the field. However, since this profiling must be started from the app, critical flows such as startups or ANRs would be difficult or impossible for apps to capture.

To help with this, Android 16 introduces system-triggered profiling to ProfilingManager. Apps can register interest in receiving traces for certain triggers such as cold start reportFullyDrawn or ANRs, and then the system starts and stops a trace on the app's behalf. After the trace completes, the results are delivered to the app's data directory.

在 ApplicationStartInfo 中启动组件

ApplicationStartInfo was added in Android 15, allowing an app to see reasons for process start, start type, start times, throttling, and other useful diagnostic data. Android 16 adds getStartComponent() to distinguish what component type triggered the start, which can be helpful for optimizing the startup flow of your app.

更好的作业自省

The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.

In Android 16, we are introducing a new API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.

We're also introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list of the most recent constraint changes.

We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.

This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.

自适应刷新率

Adaptive refresh rate (ARR), introduced in Android 15, enables the display refresh rate on supported hardware to adapt to the content frame rate using discrete VSync steps. This reduces power consumption while eliminating the need for potentially jank-inducing mode-switching.

Android 16 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) while restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it easier for your apps to take advantage of ARR. RecyclerView 1.4 internally supports ARR when it is settling from a fling or smooth scroll, and we're continuing our work to add ARR support into more Jetpack libraries. This frame rate article covers many of the APIs you can use to set the frame rate so that your app can directly use ARR.

无障碍

Android 16 添加了新的无障碍功能 API，可帮助您面向每位用户提供应用。

补充说明

When an accessibility service describes a ViewGroup, it combines content labels from its child views. If you provide a contentDescription for the ViewGroup, accessibility services assume you are also overriding the description of non-focusable child views. This can be problematic if you want to label things like a drop-down (for example, "Font Family") while preserving the current selection for accessibility (for example, "Roboto"). Android 16 adds setSupplementalDescription so you can provide text that provides information about a ViewGroup without overriding information from its children.

必填表单字段

Android 16 adds setFieldRequired to AccessibilityNodeInfo so apps can tell an accessibility service that input to a form field is required. This is an important scenario for users filling out many types of forms, even things as simple as a required terms and conditions checkbox, helping users to consistently identify and quickly navigate between required fields.

使用 LEA 助听器进行语音通话时，将手机用作麦克风输入

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to switch between the built-in microphones on the hearing aids and the microphone on their phone for voice calls. This can be helpful in noisy environments or other situations where the hearing aid's microphones might not perform well.

LEA 助听器的环境音量控制

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to adjust the volume of ambient sound that is picked up by the hearing aid's microphones. This can be helpful in situations where background noise is too loud or too quiet.

相机

Android 16 包含可改进相机体验的功能。

相机夜间模式取景检测

为了帮助应用了解何时切换到夜间模式相机会话以及何时从夜间模式相机会话切换出，Android 16 添加了 EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR。如果受支持，则可在 Camera2 内的 CaptureResult 中使用。

这是我们在Instagram 如何让用户拍出令人惊艳的低光照片博文中提到的即将推出的 API。该博文提供了有关如何实现夜间模式的实用指南，并附有一份案例研究，该案例研究将应用内夜间模式照片质量的提升与通过应用内相机分享的照片数量的增加联系起来。

连接

Android 16 更新了平台，让您的应用可以使用通信和无线技术的最新进展。

增强型安全范围测算

Android 16 adds support for robust security features in Wi-Fi location on supported devices with Wi-Fi 6's 802.11az, allowing apps to combine the higher accuracy, greater scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with security enhancements including AES-256-based encryption and protection against MITM attacks. This allows it to be used more safely in proximity use cases, such as unlocking a laptop or a vehicle door. 802.11az is integrated with the Wi-Fi 6 standard, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and easier deployment.

通用测距 API

Android 16 includes the new RangingManager, which provides ways to determine the distance and angle on supported hardware between the local device and a remote device. RangingManager supports the usage of a variety of ranging technologies such as BLE channel sounding, BLE RSSI-based ranging, Ultra Wideband, and Wi-Fi round trip time.

媒体

Android 16 包含多种可改善媒体体验的功能。

改进了照片选择器

The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.

Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:

• Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
• Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.

高级专业视频

Android 16 introduces support for the Advanced Professional Video (APV) codec which is designed to be used for professional level high quality video recording and post production.

The APV codec standard has the following features:

• Perceptually lossless video quality (close to raw video quality)
• Low complexity and high throughput intra-frame-only coding (without pixel domain prediction) to better support editing workflows
• Support for high bit-rate range up to a few Gbps for 2K, 4K and 8K resolution content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme
• Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel encoding and decoding
• Support for various chroma sampling formats and bit-depths
• Support for multiple decoding and re-encoding without severe visual quality degradation
• Support multi-view video and auxiliary video like depth, alpha, and preview
• Support for HDR10/10+ and user-defined metadata

A reference implementation of APV is provided through the OpenAPV project. Android 16 will implement support for the APV 422-10 Profile that provides YUV 422 color sampling along with 10-bit encoding and for target bitrates of up to 2Gbps.

隐私设置

Android 16 包含多种功能，可帮助应用开发者保护用户隐私。

健康数据共享更新

Health Connect in the developer preview adds ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a new data type defined according to World Health Organization guidelines around moderate and vigorous activity. Each record requires the start time, the end time and whether the activity intensity is moderate or vigorous.

Health Connect also contains updated APIs supporting health records. This allows apps to read and write medical records in FHIR format with explicit user consent. This API is in an early access program. If you'd like to participate, sign up to be part of our early access program.

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 16 incorporates the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our ongoing work to develop technologies where users know their privacy is protected. Our website has more about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer beta program to help you get started. Check out the SDK Runtime which allows SDKs to run in a dedicated runtime environment separate from the app they are serving, providing stronger safeguards around user data collection and sharing.

国际化

Android 16 添加了一些功能，可在用户使用不同语言使用设备时提升用户体验。

垂直文本

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

Note: Current high-level text APIs, such as Text in Jetpack Compose, TextView, Layout classes and their subclasses don't support vertical writing systems, and don't support using the VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}