동작 변경사항: 모든 앱

Android 17 플랫폼에는 앱에 영향을 줄 수 있는 동작 변경사항이 있습니다. Android 17에서 실행될 때 모든 앱에 적용되는 동작 변경사항은 다음과 같습니다. targetSdkVersion에 관계없이 이러한 변경사항을 적절히 지원해야 하는 경우 앱을 테스트한 후 필요에 따라 수정해야 합니다.

또한 Android 17을 타겟팅하는 앱에만 영향을 주는 동작 변경사항 목록 을 검토해야 합니다.

참고: 이 페이지에는 몇 가지 중요한 변경사항이 나열되어 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 Android 17 출시 노트를 참고하세요.

핵심 기능

Android 17 (API 수준 37)에는 Android 시스템의 다양한 핵심 기능을 수정하거나 확장하는 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

앱 메모리 제한

Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your apps and Android users. These limits focus on memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.

You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the memory limit is hit.

The Manage your app's memory documentation gives information to help you diagnose your app's memory issues and optimize its resource consumption.

Test your app's behavior under the memory constraints

You can use Android Debug Bridge (adb) to adjust or disable the memory limits on any device that imposes them. The shell command am provides three subcommands to adjust the memory limits. (These commands have no effect on a device which does not impose memory limits.)

• am memory-limiter ignore <uid>|none|all
• am memory-limiter manual <pid> <limit>|max|none
• am memory-limiter status

ignore

Instructs the memory limiter to ignore some or all processes. Passing a UID (Android User ID) instructs the memory limiter to ignore enforcement on all processes associated with that UID. You can also pass all (ignore all apps) or none (do not ignore any apps). Passing none overrides any previous calls to am memory-limiter ignore.

If you instruct the memory limiter to ignore a UID, you can still apply a manual memory limit to a process within the app by calling am memory-limiter manual.

manual

Instructs the system to impose a memory constraint on the process with the specified PID (Process ID). The memory constraint is specified as an integer number of MB; for example, passing 30 specifies that the process is limited to 30 MB of memory. Passing max removes all memory limits on that process. Passing none removes any manual limits set on the process, restoring the system's default limit (if any).

status

Reports the current status of the memory limiter. The status includes the memory limits imposed on visible and non-visible processes.

개인 정보 보호

Android 17에는 사용자 개인 정보 보호를 개선하기 위한 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

SMS OTP 보호

从 Android 17 开始，Android 将扩大对包含一次性密码 (OTP) 的短信的保护范围。

在之前的 Android 版本中，此保护主要侧重于 SMS Retriever 格式。对于大多数应用，包含 SMS Retriever 哈希的消息的递送延迟了 3 小时。不过，某些应用（例如默认短信处理程序）不受此延迟的影响，拥有哈希的应用也不受此延迟的影响。

从 Android 17 开始，此保护也适用于 WebOTP 格式的消息。如果应用有权读取短信，但不是 WebOTP 消息的预期接收者（由网域验证确定），则该应用在收到消息后 3 小时内无法访问该消息。此变更旨在提高用户安全性，确保只有与消息中提及的网域关联的应用才能以编程方式读取验证码。

在这 3 小时的延迟期间，系统会保留 SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION 广播，并过滤 短信提供商 数据库查询。延迟结束后，这些应用即可使用短信。此变更适用于 所有应用，无论其目标 API 级别如何。

某些应用（例如默认短信助理应用、关联设备配套应用等）不受此延迟的影响。所有依赖于读取短信 来提取 OTP 的应用都应过渡到使用 SMS Retriever 或 SMS User Consent API，以确保功能持续可用。

注意 ：如果您的应用以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台，此 保护也会扩展到标准短信。如需了解详情，请参阅 标准短信的 OTP 保护在 行为变更： 以 Android 17 为目标平台的应用文档中。

보안

Android 17에는 기기 및 앱 보안을 개선하기 위한 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

usesClearTraffic 지원 중단 계획

In a future release, we plan to deprecate the usesCleartextTraffic element. Apps that need to make unencrypted (HTTP) connections should migrate to using a network security configuration file, which lets you specify which domains your app needs to make cleartext connections to.

Be aware that network security configuration files are only supported on API levels 24 and higher. If your app has a minimum API level lower than 24, you should do both of the following:

• Set the usesCleartextTraffic attribute to true
• Use a network configuration file

If your app's minimum API level is 24 or higher, you can use a network configuration file and you don't need to set usesCleartextTraffic.

암시적 URI 부여 제한

目前，如果应用启动的 intent 具有 URI，且该 URI 具有操作 ACTION_SEND、ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE或 ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE，则系统会自动向目标应用授予读取和 写入 URI 权限。从 Android 18 开始，系统将 不再自动授予这些权限。因此，我们建议应用明确授予相关 URI 权限，而不是依赖系统授予这些权限。

如需检测应用中这些 intent 的使用情况，请将 StrictMode 与 detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant() 结合使用，以触发违规行为：

Kotlin

val policy = StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
    .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant()
    .penaltyLog()
    .build()
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy)

Java

StrictMode.VmPolicy policy = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
    .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant()
    .penaltyLog()
    .build();
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy);

或者，您也可以监控包含消息 Please set the grant explicitly in the app 的已记录异常，该消息会在系统隐式设置授予时显示。您可以使用以下 adb 命令监控这些日志：

adb logcat | grep "Please set the grant explicitly in the app"

如需明确授予必要的权限，请将 FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION标志添加到ACTION_SEND和 ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLEintent：

Kotlin

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)

Java

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);

对于 ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE intent，请同时添加FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION 和 FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION 标志：

Kotlin

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION)

Java

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);

앱별 키 저장소 한도

Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.

If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:

• Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher: getNumericErrorCode() returns the new ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYS value.
• All other apps: getNumericErrorCode() returns ERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.

교차 프로필 루프백 트래픽 차단

Android 17부터는 교차 프로필 루프백 트래픽이 기본적으로 더 이상 허용되지 않습니다. 동일한 프로필 내의 루프백 트래픽은 영향을 받지 않습니다. 이 변경사항은 앱이 타겟팅하는 API 수준과 관계없이 Android 17 이상에서 실행되는 모든 앱에 적용됩니다.

사용자 환경 및 시스템 UI

Android 17에는 더 일관되고 직관적인 사용자 환경을 만들기 위한 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

회전 후 기본 IME 공개 상태 복원

从 Android 17 开始，当设备的配置发生变化（例如，通过旋转）且应用本身未处理此变化时，系统不会恢复之前的 IME 可见性。

如果应用经历了它无法处理的配置更改，并且应用需要在更改后显示键盘，您必须明确请求此行为。您可以通过以下方式之一提出此要求：

• 将 android:windowSoftInputMode 属性设置为 stateAlwaysVisible。
• 在 activity 的 onCreate() 方法中以编程方式请求显示软键盘，或添加 onConfigurationChanged() 方法。

수동 입력

Android 17에는 앱이 키보드 및 터치패드와 같은 수동 입력 기기와 상호작용하는 방식에 영향을 주는 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

터치패드는 포인터 캡처 중에 기본적으로 상대 이벤트를 전달함

从 Android 17 开始，如果应用使用 View.requestPointerCapture() 请求捕获指针，并且用户使用触控板，系统会识别用户触摸操作产生的指针移动和滚动手势，并以与捕获的鼠标产生的指针和滚轮移动相同的方式将这些信息报告给应用。在大多数情况下，这使得支持捕获鼠标的应用无需为触控板添加特殊的处理逻辑。如需了解详情，请参阅 View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE 的文档。

之前，系统不会尝试识别触控板的手势，而是以类似于触摸屏触摸的格式将原始的绝对手指位置传递给应用。如果应用仍需要此绝对数据，则应改为使用 View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE 调用新的 View.requestPointerCapture(int) 方法。

미디어

Android 17에는 미디어 동작에 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

백그라운드 오디오 강화

从 Android 17 开始，音频框架会对后台音频互动（包括音频播放、音频焦点请求和音量更改 API）强制执行限制，以确保这些更改是由用户有意发起的。

如果应用尝试在应用未处于有效生命周期时调用音频 API，则音频播放和音量更改 API 会以静默方式失败，而不会抛出异常或提供失败消息。音频焦点 API 会失败，并返回结果代码 AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED。

**注意**： 如果应用以 Android 17（API 级别 37）为目标平台，则限制会更加严格。对于这些应用，前台服务必须具有 “使用时”功能，除非应用具有精确闹钟 权限并且正在与 USAGE_ALARM 音频流互动。

如需了解详情（包括缓解措施），请参阅后台音频安全加固。

연결

Android 17에는 기기 연결을 개선하기 위한 다음과 같은 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

블루투스 페어링 손실 시 자동 재페어링

Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.

Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.

While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:

• New pairing context: The ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST now includes the EXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXT extra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt.
• Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
• Modified intent timing: The ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background.
• User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.

Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:

• Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
• Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices