پلتفرم اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات رفتاری است که ممکن است بر برنامه شما تأثیر بگذارد. تغییرات رفتاری زیر برای همه برنامهها هنگام اجرا در اندروید ۱۷، صرف نظر از targetSdkVersion ، اعمال میشود. شما باید برنامه خود را آزمایش کنید و سپس در صورت لزوم، آن را برای پشتیبانی از این تغییرات، در صورت لزوم، اصلاح کنید.
حتماً فهرست تغییرات رفتاری که فقط بر برنامههای اندروید ۱۷ تأثیر میگذارند را نیز بررسی کنید.
عملکرد اصلی
اندروید ۱۷ (سطح API ۳۷) شامل تغییرات زیر است که قابلیتهای اصلی مختلف سیستم اندروید را اصلاح یا گسترش میدهد.
محدودیتهای حافظه برنامه
Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your apps and Android users. These limits focus on memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.
You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling
getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was
affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and
the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with
other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with
TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the
memory limit is hit.
The Manage your app's memory documentation gives information to help you diagnose your app's memory issues and optimize its resource consumption.
Test your app's behavior under the memory constraints
You can use Android Debug Bridge (adb) to adjust or disable the
memory limits on any device that imposes them. The shell command am
provides three subcommands to adjust the memory limits. (These commands have
no effect on a device which does not impose memory limits.)
am memory-limiter ignore <uid>|none|allam memory-limiter manual <pid> <limit>|max|noneam memory-limiter status
ignoreInstructs the memory limiter to ignore some or all processes. Passing a UID (Android User ID) instructs the memory limiter to ignore enforcement on all processes associated with that UID. You can also pass
all(ignore all apps) ornone(do not ignore any apps). Passingnoneoverrides any previous calls toam memory-limiter ignore.If you instruct the memory limiter to ignore a UID, you can still apply a manual memory limit to a process within the app by calling
am memory-limiter manual.manualInstructs the system to impose a memory constraint on the process with the specified PID (Process ID). The memory constraint is specified as an integer number of MB; for example, passing
30specifies that the process is limited to 30 MB of memory. Passingmaxremoves all memory limits on that process. Passingnoneremoves any manual limits set on the process, restoring the system's default limit (if any).statusReports the current status of the memory limiter. The status includes the memory limits imposed on visible and non-visible processes.
حریم خصوصی
اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات زیر برای بهبود حریم خصوصی کاربران است.
محافظت از طریق OTP در پیامک
从 Android 17 开始,Android 将扩大对包含一次性密码 (OTP) 的短信的保护范围。
在之前的 Android 版本中,此保护主要侧重于 SMS Retriever 格式。对于大多数应用,包含 SMS Retriever 哈希的消息的递送延迟了 3 小时。不过,某些应用(例如默认短信处理程序)不受此延迟的影响,拥有哈希的应用也不受此延迟的影响。
从 Android 17 开始,此保护也适用于 WebOTP 格式的消息。如果应用有权读取短信,但不是 WebOTP 消息的预期接收者(由网域验证确定),则该应用在收到消息后 3 小时内无法访问该消息。此变更旨在提高用户安全性,确保只有与消息中提及的网域关联的应用才能以编程方式读取验证码。
在这 3 小时的延迟期间,系统会保留 SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION 广播,并过滤 短信提供商 数据库查询。延迟结束后,这些应用即可使用短信。此变更适用于
所有应用,无论其目标 API 级别如何。
某些应用(例如默认短信助理应用、关联设备配套应用等)不受此延迟的影响。所有依赖于读取短信 来提取 OTP 的应用都应过渡到使用 SMS Retriever 或 SMS User Consent API,以确保功能持续可用。
امنیت
اندروید ۱۷ شامل بهبودهای زیر در امنیت دستگاه و برنامهها است.
طرح منسوخشدهی usesClearTraffic
In a future release, we plan to deprecate the usesCleartextTraffic element.
Apps that need to make unencrypted (HTTP) connections should migrate to
using a network security configuration file, which lets you
specify which domains your app needs to make cleartext connections to.
Be aware that network security configuration files are only supported on API levels 24 and higher. If your app has a minimum API level lower than 24, you should do both of the following:
- Set the
usesCleartextTrafficattribute totrue - Use a network configuration file
If your app's minimum API level is 24 or higher, you can use a network
configuration file and you don't need to set usesCleartextTraffic.
محدود کردن مجوزهای ضمنی URI
目前,如果应用启动的 intent 具有 URI,且该 URI 具有操作
ACTION_SEND、ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE或
ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE,则系统会自动向目标应用授予读取和
写入 URI 权限。从 Android 18 开始,系统将
不再自动授予这些权限。因此,我们建议应用明确授予相关 URI 权限,而不是依赖系统授予这些权限。
如需检测应用中这些 intent 的使用情况,请将 StrictMode 与
detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant() 结合使用,以触发违规行为:
Kotlin
val policy = StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder() .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant() .penaltyLog() .build() StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy)
Java
StrictMode.VmPolicy policy = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder() .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant() .penaltyLog() .build(); StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy);
或者,您也可以监控包含消息 Please set the grant explicitly in the app 的已记录异常,该消息会在系统隐式设置授予时显示。您可以使用以下 adb 命令监控这些日志:
adb logcat | grep "Please set the grant explicitly in the app"
如需明确授予必要的权限,请将
FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION标志添加到ACTION_SEND和
ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLEintent:
Kotlin
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
Java
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
对于
ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE intent,请同时添加FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION 和
FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION 标志:
Kotlin
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION)
Java
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
محدودیتهای فروشگاه کلید در هر برنامه
Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.
If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a
KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information
about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the
exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:
- Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher:
getNumericErrorCode()returns the newERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYSvalue. - All other apps:
getNumericErrorCode()returnsERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.
مسدود کردن ترافیک loopback بین پروفایلی
از اندروید ۱۷ به بعد، ترافیک loopback بین پروفایلها دیگر به طور پیشفرض مجاز نیست. ترافیک loopback در همان پروفایل تحت تأثیر قرار نمیگیرد. این تغییر برای همه برنامههایی که روی اندروید ۱۷ یا بالاتر اجرا میشوند، صرف نظر از اینکه برنامه چه سطح API را هدف قرار میدهد، اعمال میشود.
تجربه کاربری و رابط کاربری سیستم
اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات زیر است که برای ایجاد یک تجربه کاربری سازگارتر و شهودیتر در نظر گرفته شدهاند.
بازیابی قابلیت مشاهده پیشفرض IME پس از چرخش
从 Android 17 开始,当设备的配置发生变化(例如,通过旋转)且应用本身未处理此变化时,系统不会恢复之前的 IME 可见性。
如果应用经历了它无法处理的配置更改,并且应用需要在更改后显示键盘,您必须明确请求此行为。您可以通过以下方式之一提出此要求:
- 将
android:windowSoftInputMode属性设置为stateAlwaysVisible。 - 在 activity 的
onCreate()方法中以编程方式请求显示软键盘,或添加onConfigurationChanged()方法。
ورودی انسانی
اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات زیر است که بر نحوه تعامل برنامهها با دستگاههای ورودی انسان مانند صفحهکلید و تاچپد تأثیر میگذارد.
تاچپدها به طور پیشفرض رویدادهای نسبی را هنگام گرفتن اشارهگر نمایش میدهند
Beginning with Android 17, if an app requests pointer capture using
View.requestPointerCapture() and the user uses a touchpad, the system
recognizes pointer movement and scrolling gestures from the user's touches and
reports them to the app in the same way as pointer and scroll wheel movements
from a captured mouse. In most cases, this removes the need for apps that
support captured mice to add special handling logic for touchpads. For more
details, see the documentation for View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.
Previously, the system did not attempt to recognize gestures from the touchpad,
and instead delivered the raw, absolute finger locations to the app in a similar
format to touchscreen touches. If an app still requires this absolute data, it
should call the new View.requestPointerCapture(int) method with
View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE instead.
رسانه
اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات زیر در رفتار رسانهای است.
تقویت صدای پسزمینه
Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.
If the app tries to call audio APIs while the app is not in a valid lifecycle,
the audio playback and volume change APIs fail silently without throwing an
exception or providing a failure message. The audio focus API fails with the
result code AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.
For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.
اتصال
اندروید ۱۷ شامل تغییرات زیر برای بهبود اتصال دستگاه است.
جفتسازی مجدد خودکار برای از دست رفتن اتصال بلوتوث
Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.
Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.
While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:
- New pairing context: The
ACTION_PAIRING_REQUESTnow includes theEXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXTextra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt. - Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
- Modified intent timing: The
ACTION_KEY_MISSINGintent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background. - User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.
Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:
- Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
- Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices