Transférer des données BLE

Une fois que vous êtes connecté à un GATT BLE, Google Cloud, vous pouvez utiliser la connexion pour savoir quels services sont disponibles sur l'appareil, interroger des données de l'appareil, et demander des notifications lorsqu'une certaine caractéristique GATT des modifications.

Découvrir les services

Une fois connecté au serveur GATT sur l'appareil BLE, la première chose à faire est pour effectuer une détection de services. Cela fournit des informations sur les services disponibles sur l'appareil distant, ainsi que les caractéristiques du service et leurs de descripteurs. Dans l'exemple suivant, une fois que le service se connecte l'appareil (indiqué par l'appel approprié à la onConnectionStateChange() de la fonction BluetoothGattCallback), la discoverServices() interroge les informations de l’appareil BLE.

Le service doit remplacer onServicesDiscovered() de la fonction BluetoothGattCallback Cette fonction est appelée lorsque l'appareil signale les services disponibles.

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
    override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int, newState: Int) {
        if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
            // successfully connected to the GATT Server
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED)
            connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED
            // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
            bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
        } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
            // disconnected from the GATT Server
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED)
            connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
        }
    }

    override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int) {
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED)
        } else {
            Log.w(BluetoothLeService.TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: $status")
        }
    }
}

...

companion object {
  const val ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED"
  const val ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
              "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED"
  const val ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
              "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED"

  private const val STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0
  private const val STATE_CONNECTED = 2
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";

    ...

    private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                // successfully connected to the GATT Server
                connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                bluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                // disconnected from the GATT Server
                connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
            } else {
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }
    };
}

Le service utilise des annonces pour avertir le activité. Une fois les services découverts, ils peuvent appeler getServices() jusqu'à obtenir les données du rapport.

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

  fun getSupportedGattServices(): List<BluetoothGattService?>? {
      return bluetoothGatt?.services
  }
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

...

    public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
        if (bluetoothGatt == null) return null;
        return bluetoothGatt.getServices();
    }
}

L'activité peut ensuite appeler cette fonction lorsqu'elle reçoit l'intent de diffusion. indiquant que la détection de services est terminée.

Kotlin

class DeviceControlActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

...

    private val gattUpdateReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
        override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
            when (intent.action) {
                BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED -> {
                    connected = true
                    updateConnectionState(R.string.connected)
                }
                BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED -> {
                    connected = false
                    updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected)
                        }
                BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED -> {
                    // Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface.
                    displayGattServices(bluetoothService?.getSupportedGattServices())
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

class DeviceControlsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

...

    private final BroadcastReceiver gattUpdateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            final String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) {
                connected = true;
                updateConnectionState(R.string.connected);
            } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) {
                connected = false;
                updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected);
            } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) {
                // Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface.
                displayGattServices(bluetoothService.getSupportedGattServices());
            }
        }
    };
}

Lire les caractéristiques BLE

Une fois que votre application s'est connectée à un serveur GATT et a détecté des services, elle peut lire et écrire des attributs, s'ils sont compatibles. Par exemple : l'extrait de code parcourt les services et les caractéristiques du serveur, puis affiche dans l'interface utilisateur:

Kotlin

class DeviceControlActivity : Activity() {

    // Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
    // Services/Characteristics.
    // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
    // ExpandableListView on the UI.
    private fun displayGattServices(gattServices: List<BluetoothGattService>?) {
        if (gattServices == null) return
        var uuid: String?
        val unknownServiceString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_service)
        val unknownCharaString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic)
        val gattServiceData: MutableList<HashMap<String, String>> = mutableListOf()
        val gattCharacteristicData: MutableList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> =
                mutableListOf()
        mGattCharacteristics = mutableListOf()

        // Loops through available GATT Services.
        gattServices.forEach { gattService ->
            val currentServiceData = HashMap<String, String>()
            uuid = gattService.uuid.toString()
            currentServiceData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString)
            currentServiceData[LIST_UUID] = uuid
            gattServiceData += currentServiceData

            val gattCharacteristicGroupData: ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> = arrayListOf()
            val gattCharacteristics = gattService.characteristics
            val charas: MutableList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> = mutableListOf()

            // Loops through available Characteristics.
            gattCharacteristics.forEach { gattCharacteristic ->
                charas += gattCharacteristic
                val currentCharaData: HashMap<String, String> = hashMapOf()
                uuid = gattCharacteristic.uuid.toString()
                currentCharaData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownCharaString)
                currentCharaData[LIST_UUID] = uuid
                gattCharacteristicGroupData += currentCharaData
            }
            mGattCharacteristics += charas
            gattCharacteristicData += gattCharacteristicGroupData
        }
    }
}

Java

public class DeviceControlActivity extends Activity {
    ...
    // Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
    // Services/Characteristics.
    // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
    // ExpandableListView on the UI.
    private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
        if (gattServices == null) return;
        String uuid = null;
        String unknownServiceString = getResources().
                getString(R.string.unknown_service);
        String unknownCharaString = getResources().
                getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic);
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData =
                new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
        ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData
                = new ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>();
        mGattCharacteristics =
                new ArrayList<ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>>();

        // Loops through available GATT Services.
        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
            HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData =
                    new HashMap<String, String>();
            uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();
            currentServiceData.put(
                    LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.
                            lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString));
            currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
            gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);

            ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData =
                    new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
            List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =
                    gattService.getCharacteristics();
            ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas =
                    new ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>();
           // Loops through available Characteristics.
            for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic :
                    gattCharacteristics) {
                charas.add(gattCharacteristic);
                HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData =
                        new HashMap<String, String>();
                uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();
                currentCharaData.put(
                        LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid,
                                unknownCharaString));
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
                gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);
            }
            mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);
            gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);
         }
    ...
    }
...
}

Le service GATT fournit une liste de caractéristiques que vous pouvez lire à partir des appareil. Pour interroger les données, appelez la méthode readCharacteristic() sur la BluetoothGatt, en transmettant BluetoothGattCharacteristic que vous voulez lire.

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

    fun readCharacteristic(characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) {
        bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt ->
            gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic)
        } ?: run {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized")
            Return
        }
    }
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

...

    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized");
            return;
        }
        bluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }
}

Dans cet exemple, le service implémente une fonction pour appeler readCharacteristic() Il s'agit d'un appel asynchrone. Les résultats sont envoyés BluetoothGattCallback fonction onCharacteristicRead()

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

    private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {

        ...

        override fun onCharacteristicRead(
            gatt: BluetoothGatt,
            characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
            status: Int
            ) {
                if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic)
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

...

    private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {

    ...

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(
        BluetoothGatt gatt,
        BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
        int status
        ) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
        }
    };
}

Lorsqu'un rappel particulier est déclenché, il appelle la méthode broadcastUpdate() et lui transmet une action. Notez que les données de cette section est effectuée conformément aux règles relatives à la fréquence cardiaque Spécifications du profil de mesure.

Kotlin

private fun broadcastUpdate(action: String, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) {
    val intent = Intent(action)

    // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
    // parsing is carried out as per profile specifications.
    when (characteristic.uuid) {
        UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT -> {
            val flag = characteristic.properties
            val format = when (flag and 0x01) {
                0x01 -> {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.")
                    BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16
                }
                else -> {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.")
                    BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8
                }
            }
            val heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1)
            Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate))
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, (heartRate).toString())
        }
        else -> {
            // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
            val data: ByteArray? = characteristic.value
            if (data?.isNotEmpty() == true) {
                val hexString: String = data.joinToString(separator = " ") {
                    String.format("%02X", it)
                }
                intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, "$data\n$hexString")
            }
        }
    }
    sendBroadcast(intent)
}

Java

private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
                             final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
    final Intent intent = new Intent(action);

    // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
    // parsing is carried out as per profile specifications.
    if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
        int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
        int format = -1;
        if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
            format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
            Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
        } else {
            format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
            Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
        }
        final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
    } else {
        // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
        final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
        if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
            final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
            for(byte byteChar : data)
                stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" +
                    stringBuilder.toString());
        }
    }
    sendBroadcast(intent);
}

Recevoir des notifications GATT

Il est courant que les applications BLE demandent à être averties lorsqu'une caractéristique particulière sur l'appareil. Dans l'exemple suivant, le service implémente un pour appeler la fonction setCharacteristicNotification() méthode:

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

    fun setCharacteristicNotification(
    characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
    enabled: Boolean
    ) {
        bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt ->
        gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled)

        // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
        if (BluetoothLeService.UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT == characteristic.uuid) {
            val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG))
            descriptor.value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
            gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
        }
        } ?: run {
            Log.w(BluetoothLeService.TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized")
        }
    }
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

...

    public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,boolean enabled) {
        if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized");
            Return;
        }
        bluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);

        // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
        if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
            descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
            bluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
        }
    }
}

Une fois les notifications activées pour une caractéristique, une onCharacteristicChanged() est déclenché si la caractéristique change sur l'appareil distant:

Kotlin

class BluetoothLeService : Service() {

...

    private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
        ...

        override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
        gatt: BluetoothGatt,
        characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic
        ) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic)
        }
    }
}

Java

class BluetoothLeService extends Service {

...

    private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
    ...

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(
        BluetoothGatt gatt,
        BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic
        ) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
        }
    };
}