本文介绍了如何使用 Cronet 库在您的 Android 应用中执行网络操作。Cronet 是 Chromium 网络堆栈,可作为库供您在应用中使用。如需详细了解该库的功能,请参阅使用 Cronet 执行网络操作。
在您的项目中设置库
要在您的项目中为 Cronet 库添加依赖项,请按以下步骤操作:
在项目的顶层
build.gradle
文件中验证 Android Studio 是否包含对 Google 的 Maven 代码库的引用,如以下示例所示:allprojects { repositories { ... google() } }
找到应用模块的
build.gradle
文件,在dependencies
部分中添加对 Cronet 的 Google Play 服务客户端库的引用,如以下示例所示:dependencies { implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-cronet:16.0.0' }
添加此依赖项后创建的
CronetEngine
对象将使用从 Google Play 服务加载的 Cronet。在创建CronetEngine
对象之前,请调用CronetProviderInstaller.installProvider(Context)
对象,以防止在CronetEngine
创建期间因设备需要更新版 Google Play 服务等错误而抛出异常。如果无法通过 Google Play 服务加载 Cronet,则只能使用 Cronet API 的一个性能不那么出色的实现。要使用此备用实现,请使用
org.chromium.net:cronet-fallback
并调用new JavaCronetProvider(context).createBuilder()
。
创建网络请求
本部分介绍了如何使用 Cronet 库创建和发送网络请求。发送网络请求后,您的应用应处理网络响应。
创建并配置 CronetEngine 的实例
该库提供了 CronetEngine.Builder
类,您可以使用此类来创建 CronetEngine
的实例。以下示例展示了如何创建 CronetEngine
对象:
Kotlin
val myBuilder = CronetEngine.Builder(context) val cronetEngine: CronetEngine = myBuilder.build()
Java
CronetEngine.Builder myBuilder = new CronetEngine.Builder(context); CronetEngine cronetEngine = myBuilder.build();
您可以使用 Builder
类来配置 CronetEngine
对象,例如,您可以提供缓存和数据压缩等选项。如需了解详情,请参阅 CronetEngine.Builder
。
提供请求回调的实现
要提供回调的实现,请创建 UrlRequest.Callback
的子类,并实现所需的抽象方法,如以下示例所示:
Kotlin
private const val TAG = "MyUrlRequestCallback" class MyUrlRequestCallback : UrlRequest.Callback() { override fun onRedirectReceived(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?, newLocationUrl: String?) { Log.i(TAG, "onRedirectReceived method called.") // You should call the request.followRedirect() method to continue // processing the request. request?.followRedirect() } override fun onResponseStarted(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?) { Log.i(TAG, "onResponseStarted method called.") // You should call the request.read() method before the request can be // further processed. The following instruction provides a ByteBuffer object // with a capacity of 102400 bytes to the read() method. request?.read(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(102400)) } override fun onReadCompleted(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?, byteBuffer: ByteBuffer?) { Log.i(TAG, "onReadCompleted method called.") // You should keep reading the request until there's no more data. request?.read(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(102400)) } override fun onSucceeded(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?) { Log.i(TAG, "onSucceeded method called.") } }
Java
class MyUrlRequestCallback extends UrlRequest.Callback { private static final String TAG = "MyUrlRequestCallback"; @Override public void onRedirectReceived(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, String newLocationUrl) { Log.i(TAG, "onRedirectReceived method called."); // You should call the request.followRedirect() method to continue // processing the request. request.followRedirect(); } @Override public void onResponseStarted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) { Log.i(TAG, "onResponseStarted method called."); // You should call the request.read() method before the request can be // further processed. The following instruction provides a ByteBuffer object // with a capacity of 102400 bytes to the read() method. request.read(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(102400)); } @Override public void onReadCompleted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) { Log.i(TAG, "onReadCompleted method called."); // You should keep reading the request until there's no more data. request.read(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(102400)); } @Override public void onSucceeded(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) { Log.i(TAG, "onSucceeded method called."); } }
创建一个 Executor 对象来管理网络任务
您可以使用 Executor
类执行网络任务。要获取 Executor
的实例,请使用返回 Executor
对象的 Executors
类的任一静态方法。以下示例展示了如何使用 newSingleThreadExecutor()
方法创建 Executor
对象:
Kotlin
val executor: Executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
Java
Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
创建并配置 UrlRequest 对象
要创建网络请求,请调用 CronetEngine
的 newUrlRequestBuilder()
方法,并传递目标网址、回调类的实例以及 Executor 对象。newUrlRequestBuilder()
方法将返回 UrlRequest.Builder
对象,您可以使用该对象来创建 UrlRequest
对象,如以下示例所示:
Kotlin
val requestBuilder = cronetEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder( "https://www.example.com", MyUrlRequestCallback(), executor ) val request: UrlRequest = requestBuilder.build()
Java
UrlRequest.Builder requestBuilder = cronetEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder( "https://www.example.com", new MyUrlRequestCallback(), executor); UrlRequest request = requestBuilder.build();
您可以使用 Builder
类来配置 UrlRequest
的实例。例如,您可以指定优先级或 HTTP 谓词。如需了解详情,请参阅 UrlRequest.Builder
。
要启动网络任务,请调用请求的 start()
方法:
Kotlin
request.start()
Java
request.start();
您可以按本部分中的说明使用 Cronet 来创建并发送网络请求。不过,为简单起见,UrlRequest.Callback
的实现示例仅向日志输出消息。以下部分介绍了如何提供支持更多实用场景(例如从响应中提取数据以及检测请求中的故障)的回调实现。
处理网络响应
您调用 start()
方法后,系统就会启动 Cronet 请求生命周期。您的应用应在生命周期内通过指定回调来管理请求。要详细了解生命周期,请参阅 Cronet 请求生命周期。您可以通过创建 UrlRequest.Callback
的子类并实现以下方法来指定回调:
onRedirectReceived()
在服务器发出 HTTP 重定向代码以响应原始请求时调用。要遵循重定向到达新的目的地,请使用
followRedirect()
方法。否则,请使用cancel()
方法。以下示例展示了如何实现该方法:Kotlin
override fun onRedirectReceived(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?, newLocationUrl: String?) { // Determine whether you want to follow the redirect. ... if (shouldFollow) { request?.followRedirect() } else { request?.cancel() } }
Java
@Override public void onRedirectReceived(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, String newLocationUrl) { // Determine whether you want to follow the redirect. … if (shouldFollow) { request.followRedirect(); } else { request.cancel(); } }
onResponseStarted()
在收到最后一组标头时调用。仅在遵循所有重定向后才调用
onResponseStarted()
方法。以下代码展示了该方法的实现示例:Kotlin
override fun onResponseStarted(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?) { val httpStatusCode = info?.httpStatusCode if (httpStatusCode == 200) { // The request was fulfilled. Start reading the response. request?.read(myBuffer) } else if (httpStatusCode == 503) { // The service is unavailable. You should still check if the request // contains some data. request?.read(myBuffer) } responseHeaders = info?.allHeaders }
Java
@Override public void onResponseStarted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) { int httpStatusCode = info.getHttpStatusCode(); if (httpStatusCode == 200) { // The request was fulfilled. Start reading the response. request.read(myBuffer); } else if (httpStatusCode == 503) { // The service is unavailable. You should still check if the request // contains some data. request.read(myBuffer); } responseHeaders = info.getAllHeaders(); }
onReadCompleted()
在读取部分响应正文后调用。以下代码示例展示了如何实现该方法并提取响应正文:
Kotlin
override fun onReadCompleted(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?, byteBuffer: ByteBuffer?) { // The response body is available, process byteBuffer. ... // Continue reading the response body by reusing the same buffer // until the response has been completed. byteBuffer?.clear() request?.read(myBuffer) }
Java
@Override public void onReadCompleted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) { // The response body is available, process byteBuffer. … // Continue reading the response body by reusing the same buffer // until the response has been completed. byteBuffer.clear(); request.read(myBuffer); }
onSucceeded()
在网络请求成功完成后调用。以下示例展示了如何实现该方法:
Kotlin
override fun onSucceeded(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?) { // The request has completed successfully. }
Java
@Override public void onSucceeded(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) { // The request has completed successfully. }
onFailed()
在调用
start()
方法后,如果由于任何原因而导致请求失败,则调用此方法。以下示例展示了如何实现该方法并获取有关错误的信息:Kotlin
override fun onFailed(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?, error: CronetException?) { // The request has failed. If possible, handle the error. Log.e(TAG, "The request failed.", error) }
Java
@Override public void onFailed(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, CronetException error) { // The request has failed. If possible, handle the error. Log.e(TAG, "The request failed.", error); }
onCanceled()
如果使用
cancel()
方法取消该请求,则调用该方法。调用该方法之后,就不会再调用UrlRequest.Callback
类的其他方法。您可以使用此方法释放为处理请求而分配的资源。以下示例展示了如何实现该方法:Kotlin
override fun onCanceled(request: UrlRequest?, info: UrlResponseInfo?) { // Free resources allocated to process this request. ... }
Java
@Override public void onCanceled(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) { // Free resources allocated to process this request. … }