La plate-forme Android 14 apporte des modifications de comportement susceptibles d'affecter votre application. Les modifications de comportement suivantes s'appliquent à toutes les applications lorsqu'elles s'exécutent sur Android 14, peu importe la targetSdkVersion. Vous devez tester votre application, puis la modifier si nécessaire afin de prendre en charge ces modifications, le cas échéant.
Veillez également à consulter la liste des modifications de comportement qui n'affectent que les applications ciblant Android 14.
Fonctionnalité de base
Les alarmes exactes programmées sont refusées par défaut
Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that
need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps
targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.
Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.
Les annonces diffusées en contexte sont mises en file d'attente pendant que les applications sont mises en cache.
On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.
When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.
Les applications ne peuvent fermer que leurs propres processus en arrière-plan
Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(),
the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.
If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:
Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp
Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt
to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions.
Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them
automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps
unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption
by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more
resources than resuming an existing cached app.
La MTU est définie sur 517 pour le premier client GATT qui demande une MTU.
Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to
Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests
the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using
the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU
requests on that ACL connection.
To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:
- Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request
with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The
final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and
the remote provided value (for example,
min(517, remoteMtu))- Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
- Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum
between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU
change
- A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
- For example:
arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5
Nouveau motif pour lequel une application peut être placée dans le bucket de mise en veille limitée
Android 14 introduit une nouvelle raison pour laquelle une application peut être placée dans le bucket de veille restreint.
Les tâches de l'application déclenchent plusieurs fois des erreurs ANR en raison des délais d'inactivité des méthodes onStartJob, onStopJob ou onBind.
(Pour en savoir plus sur les modifications apportées à onStartJob et onStopJob, consultez JobScheduler renforce le comportement des rappels et des réseaux.)
Pour savoir si l'application est entrée dans le bucket de veille restreint, nous vous recommandons de vous connecter avec l'API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() lors de l'exécution de la tâche ou UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() au démarrage de l'application.
mlock limité à 64 Ko
在 Android 14（API 级别 34）及更高版本中，平台将可使用 mlock() 锁定的最大内存量减少到每个进程 64 KB。在之前的版本中，每个进程的上限为 64 MB。此限制有助于更好地管理应用和系统的内存。为了在各种设备上提供更一致的体验，Android 14 针对兼容设备上的新 mlock() 限制添加了一项新的 CTS 测试。
Le système applique l'utilisation des ressources des applications mises en cache
By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the
background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process
is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that
Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and
returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.
Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.
Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as
services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be
impacted by these changes.
Expérience utilisateur
Modifications apportées à la façon dont les utilisateurs gèrent les notifications qu'ils ne peuvent pas ignorer
如果您的应用向用户显示不可关闭的前台通知，请注意：Android 14 已更改此行为，允许用户关闭此类通知。
这项变更适用于阻止用户关闭前台的应用
将 Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 设置为
Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) 或
NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true)。FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 的行为已发生变化，使用户实际上能够关闭此类通知。
在以下情况下，此类通知仍不可关闭：
- 当手机处于锁定状态时
- 如果用户选择全部清除通知操作（有助于防止意外关闭）
此外，这一新行为不适用于以下用例中的通知：
CallStyle条通知- 企业设备政策控制器 (DPC) 和支持软件包
- 媒体通知
- 默认的搜索选择器软件包
Amélioration de la visibilité des informations sur la sécurité des données
Pour améliorer la confidentialité des utilisateurs, Android 14 augmente le nombre d'emplacements sur lesquels le système affiche les informations que vous avez déclarées dans le formulaire de la Play Console. Actuellement, les utilisateurs peuvent consulter ces informations dans la section Sécurité des données de la fiche de votre application sur Google Play.
Nous vous invitons à consulter les règles relatives au partage des données de localisation de votre application et à mettre à jour la section Sécurité des données de Google Play de votre application.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez le guide sur la façon dont la visibilité des informations sur la sécurité des données a été améliorée sur Android 14.
Accessibilité
Mise à l'échelle non linéaire de la police à 200 %
Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.
If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.
Sécurité
Niveau d'API cible installable minimal
Starting with Android 14, apps with a
targetSdkVersion lower than 23
can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level
requirements improves security and privacy for users.
Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy
protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example,
some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the
runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API
level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security
and privacy improvements.
Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an
installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:
INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7
On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower
than 23 will remain installed.
If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:
adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk
Les noms de package du propriétaire média peuvent être masqués
媒体库支持查询 OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME 列，该列表示存储特定媒体文件的应用。从 Android 14 开始，除非满足以下条件之一，否则系统会隐去此值：
- 存储媒体文件的应用有一个软件包名称始终对其他应用可见。
查询媒体库的应用会请求
QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES权限。
详细了解 Android 如何出于隐私保护目的而过滤软件包可见性。