应用元数据软件包的架构

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer can ingest metadata about an app, such as data safety practices, for use in Android platform features such as the updated Location permission prompt.

There are two ways to provide this metadata:

• For an app preloaded on the system image, device manufacturers can provide metadata about the app by adding an XML file to the system image with the persistable bundle described below.

• For apps being installed or updated, To specify this metadata, app installers should pass a PersistableBundle object into the setAppMetadata() method.

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into setAppMetadata(). In these cases, it is assumed that no app metadata is available.

The top-level persistable bundle consists of the following key/values pairs. Unless specified otherwise, each key is optional.

Important: All keys should be lowercase.

version (required)

The version number of the app metadata format. Use 2 as the value for this current version and long as the type. If expected keys or content types of AppMetadata change, Android will change the version number.

safety_labels

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the app's safety-labels.

system_app_safety_label

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the app's system-app-safety-label. For apps acting as a system service, the system_app_safety_label bundle is used instead of the safety_labels bundle.

transparency_info

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the app's transparency information.

Safety labels format

The safety_labels bundle contains the following key/values pairs:

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into safety_labels. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

version (required)

The version number of the safety labels format. Use 1 as the value for this current version and long as the type.

data_labels

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the data that the app collects and shares.

security_labels

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the app's data deletion and encryption practices.

third_party_verification

A PersistableBundle object that specifies how the app's data safety practices are verified by a third party.

Data collected and shared

The data_labels bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into data_labels. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

data_collected

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the types of data that the app collects.

data_shared

A PersistableBundle object that specifies the types of data that the app shares.

Data categories

Both the data_collected and data_shared keys use the data_category bundle format, which contains the key/value pairs shown in the following list. Each key maps to a PersistableBundle object that specifies the data types for a particular category.

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into data_collected and data_shared. In these cases, it is assumed that the data category is not collected or shared.

• personal
• financial
• location
• email_text_message
• photo_video
• audio
• storage
• health_fitness
• contacts
• calendar
• identifiers
• app_performance
• actions_in_app
• search_and_browsing

Data types

Each key in the data_category bundle maps to a different bundle that uses the data_type format. The keys that you specify in the data_type format depend on what you choose for a data_category.

The possible data_type key/value pairs appear in the following lists. The value for each of these keys is a PersistableBundle object that describes the app's data usage practices for that particular data type. Some data types use only one key.

Personal

• name
• email_address
• physical_address
• phone_number
• race_ethnicity
• political_or_religious_beliefs
• sexual_orientation_or_gender_identity
• personal_identifiers
• other

Financial

• card_bank_account
• purchase_history
• credit_score
• other

Location

• approx_location
• precise_location

Email and text messages

• emails
• text_messages
• other

Photos and videos

• photos
• videos

Audio

• sound_recordings
• music_files
• other

Storage

files_docs

Health fitness

• health
• fitness

Contacts

contacts

Calendar

calendar

Identifiers

other

App performance

• crash_logs
• performance_diagnostics
• other

Actions in app

• user_interaction
• in_app_search_history
• installed_apps
• user_generated_content
• other

Search and browsing

web_browsing_history

Data usage

The data_usage bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

purposes(required)

An array of integers that represents specific reasons for collecting or sharing data and uses PersistableBundle putIntArray method. At least one of the purposes defined below are required for each bundle.

• 1: PURPOSE_APP_FUNCTIONALITY
• 2: PURPOSE_ANALYTICS
• 3: PURPOSE_DEVELOPER_COMMUNICATIONS
• 4: PURPOSE_FRAUD_PREVENTION_SECURITY
• 5: PURPOSE_ADVERTISING
• 6: PURPOSE_PERSONALIZATION
• 7: PURPOSE_ACCOUNT_MANAGEMENT

is_collection_optional

Boolean value. Specifies whether users can opt in to, or opt out of, data collection.

Note: Set this value only for data_category bundles that represent data collection; don't set it for data sharing.

ephemeral

Boolean value. Specifies whether the app processes the data server-side only in memory, not on disk, and that the app retains the data no longer than necessary to service the specific data processing request.

Note: Set this value only for data_category bundles that represent data collection; don't set it for data sharing.

Data deletion and encryption practices

The security_labels bundle contains key/value pairs that represent the app's data deletion and encryption practices:

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into security_labels. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

is_data_deletable

Boolean value. Specifies whether or not the app allows the user to request the app to delete their user data.

is_data_encrypted

Boolean value. Specifies whether or not all user data collected by the app is encrypted in transit.

Third-party verification

The third_party_verification bundle consists of a single key, url. This URL, represented as a string value, specifies the third-party website used for verifying the app's data safety information.

System service safety labels format

For apps acting as a system service, the system_app_safety_label bundle is used instead of the safety_labels bundle and contains the following key/values pairs:

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into system_app_safety_label. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

url (required)

• URL that points to a page containing safety information for the app that is acting as a system service.
• Use string as the type.
• If it has not been supplied then the privacy policy URL should be used as a fallback.
• Note: The Google Play store uses privacy_policy as a fallback.

Transparency info format

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into transparency_info. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

The transparency_info bundle contains the following key/values pairs:

developer_info

A PersistableBundle object that specifies information about the app developer.

app_info

A PersistableBundle object that specifies information about the app.

Developer info

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into developer_info. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

The developer_info bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

developer_#

A PersistableBundle object that identifies the developer. The developer_info contains one or more developer_#, where # is an integer. For example developer_0, developer_1, developer_2, and so on.

Developer

Note: You can also pass in either null or PersistableBundle.EMPTY into developer_#. In these cases, it is assumed that no information is available.

The developer_# bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

name (required)

A string that states the name of the developer.

email (required)

A string that states the email address of the developer.

address (required)

A string that states the mailing address of the developer.

country_region (required)

A string that states the country or region of the developer.

website

A string that states the website of the developer.

app_registry

• A string that states the store or registry of the developer.
• If the developer is also registered on a store or other registry, the value should be the Android package name of the store or the URL of the registry.
• Multiple entries for multiple stores are permitted.
• For Google Play, use com.android.vending.
• If the developer is an SDK listed in the Google Play SDK Index, omit this attribute.
• If a developer isn't registered on any app store or registry, omit this attribute.

app_registry_id

• A string that states the ID of the developer for the stated app_registry.
• If the developer is also registered on a store or other registry, the value should be their store or registry identity.
• Multiple entries for multiple stores are permitted.
• For developers registered with Google Play, this value must be the URL of the developer page (for example, https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=5700313618786177705 is the URL for developer Google LLC).
• If the developer is a SDK developer listed in the Google Play SDK Index, use the Google Play SDK Index URL of the SDK (for example, https://play.google.com/sdks/details/com-google-android-gms-play-services-ads is the Google Play SDK Index URL of Google Mobile Ads (GMA) SDK).
• If the developer is registered on another store or registry, an app store URL or other identifier can be provided.
• If a developer isn't registered on any app store, this attribute can be omitted.

App info

The app_info bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

title (required)

A string that states the title of the app.

description (required)

A string that states the purpose of the app in a human-readable blob of text in English.

contains_ads (required)

A boolean that declares whether the app displays any ads.

privacy_policy (required)

• A string that contains a URL attribute linking to the privacy policy detailing how user data is handled.
• Required for apps that transmit user data.
• If the app doesn't contain this link, it is assumed that the app does not handle user data.

category (required)

A string that contains one of the following app categories that best describes the app's primary purpose:

• Android (only for an AOSP component)*
• Art and design
• Cars and vehicles
• Beauty
• Books and reference
• Business
• Comics
• Communications
• Dating
• Education
• Entertainment
• Events
• Finance
• Food and drink
• Game
• Health and fitness
• House and home
• Installer (only for an app store or other installer)*
• Libraries and demo
• Lifestyle
• Maps and navigation
• Medical
• Music and audio
• News and magazines
• Parenting
• Personalisation
• Photography
• Productivity
• Security*
• Shopping
• Social
• Sports
• Tools
• Travel and local
• Updater (only for a device's default over-the-air (OTA) update app)*
• Video players and editors
• Weather

Note: Categories marked with an asterisk* are not available in the Google Play store and are intended for preloaded apps only.

contact_info

A PersistableBundle object that includes contact information for the app (below).

Contact info

The contact_info bundle contains the following key/value pairs:

email (required)

A string that states the email address for the app.

website

A string that states the website for the app.