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功能和 API

Android 17 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。

您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

核心功能

Android 17 添加了以下与核心 Android 功能相关的新功能。

新的 ProfilingManager 触发器

Android 17 向 ProfilingManager 添加了多个新的系统触发器，以帮助您收集深入数据来调试性能问题。

新触发器包括：

TRIGGER_TYPE_COLD_START：在应用冷启动期间触发。它在响应中同时提供调用堆栈样本和系统跟踪记录。
TRIGGER_TYPE_OOM：当应用抛出 OutOfMemoryError时触发，并在响应中提供 Java 堆转储。
TRIGGER_TYPE_KILL_EXCESSIVE_CPU_USAGE：当应用因 CPU 使用异常且过高而被终止时触发，并在响应中提供调用堆栈样本。
TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY：检测系统性能异常，例如 binder 调用过多和内存用量过高。

如需了解如何设置系统触发器，请参阅有关基于触发器的性能分析的文档以及有关如何检索和分析性能分析数据的文档。

应用异常的性能分析触发器

Android 17 引入了一项设备端异常检测服务，用于监控资源密集型行为和潜在的兼容性回归。此服务与ProfilingManager集成，可让您的应用接收由特定系统检测到的事件触发的性能分析工件。

使用 TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY 触发器检测系统性能问题例如 binder 调用过多和内存用量过高。当应用违反操作系统定义的内存限制时，异常触发器允许开发者接收特定于应用的堆转储，以帮助识别和修复内存问题。此外，对于 binder 垃圾内容过多，异常触发器会提供有关 binder 事务的堆栈抽样分析报告。

此 API 回调发生在系统强制执行任何操作之前。例如，它可以帮助开发者在应用因超出内存限制而被系统终止之前收集调试数据。

val profilingManager =
    applicationContext.getSystemService(ProfilingManager::class.java)
val triggers = ArrayList<ProfilingTrigger>()
triggers.add(ProfilingTrigger.Builder(ProfilingTrigger.TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY))
val mainExecutor: Executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
val resultCallback = Consumer<ProfilingResult> { profilingResult ->
    if (profilingResult.errorCode != ProfilingResult.ERROR_NONE) {
        // upload profile result to server for further analysis
        setupProfileUploadWorker(profilingResult.resultFilePath)
    }
    profilingManager.registerForAllProfilingResults(mainExecutor,
                                                    resultCallback)
    profilingManager.addProfilingTriggers(triggers)
}

JobDebugInfo API

Android 17 引入了新的 JobDebugInfo API，可帮助开发者调试其 JobScheduler 作业，了解作业未运行的原因、运行时长以及其他汇总信息。

扩展后的 JobDebugInfo API 的第一个方法是 getPendingJobReasonStats()，该方法会返回一个映射，其中包含作业处于待执行状态的原因及其各自的累计待执行时长。此方法将 getPendingJobReasonsHistory() 和 getPendingJobReasons() 方法联接在一起，可让您了解预定作业未按预期运行的原因，但通过在单个方法中同时提供时长和作业原因，简化了信息检索。

例如，对于指定的 jobId，该方法可能会返回 PENDING_JOB_REASON_CONSTRAINT_CHARGING 和 60000 毫秒的时长，表示作业因未满足充电约束而处于等待状态 60000 毫秒。

通过为允许空闲时运行的闹钟提供监听器支持，减少唤醒锁定

Android 17 引入了 AlarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle 的新变体，该变体接受 OnAlarmListener 而不是 PendingIntent。这种基于回调的新机制非常适合目前依赖于连续唤醒锁来执行定期任务的应用，例如维护套接字连接的消息传递应用。

隐私权

Android 17 包含以下新功能，可提升用户隐私保护。

加密客户端 Hello (ECH) 平台支持

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a significant privacy enhancement for network communications. ECH is a TLS 1.3 extension that encrypts the Server Name Indication (SNI) during the initial TLS handshake. This encryption helps protect user privacy by making it more difficult for network intermediaries to identify the specific domain an app is connecting to.

The platform now includes the necessary APIs for networking libraries to implement ECH. This includes new capabilities in DnsResolver to query for HTTPS DNS records containing ECH configurations, and new methods in Conscrypt's SSLEngines and SSLSockets to enable ECH by passing in these configurations when connecting to a domain. Developers can configure ECH preferences, such as enabling it opportunistically or mandating its use, through the new <domainEncryption> element within the Network Security Configuration file, applicable globally or on a per-domain basis.

Popular networking libraries such as HttpEngine, WebView, and OkHttp are expected to integrate these platform APIs in future updates, making it easier for apps to adopt ECH and enhance user privacy.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Android 联系人选择器

The Android Contact Picker is a standardized, browsable interface for users to share contacts with your app. Available on devices running Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the picker offers a privacy-preserving alternative to the broad READ_CONTACTS permission. Instead of requesting access to the user's entire address book, your app specifies the data fields it needs, such as phone numbers or email addresses, and the user selects specific contacts to share. This grants your app read access to only the selected data, ensuring granular control while providing a consistent user experience with built-in search, profile switching, and multi-selection capabilities without having to build or maintain the UI.

For more information, see the contact picker documentation.

安全

Android 17 添加了以下新功能，以提升设备和应用安全性。

Android 高级保护模式 (AAPM)

Android Advanced Protection Mode offers Android users a powerful new set of security features, marking a significant step in safeguarding users—particularly those at higher risk—from sophisticated attacks. Designed as an opt-in feature, AAPM is activated with a single configuration setting that users can turn on at any time to apply an opinionated set of security protections.

These core configurations include blocking app installation from unknown sources (sideloading), restricting USB data signaling, and mandating Google Play Protect scanning, which significantly reduces the device's attack surface area. Developers can integrate with this feature using the AdvancedProtectionManager API to detect the mode's status, enabling applications to automatically adopt a hardened security posture or restrict high-risk functionality when a user has opted in.

PQC APK 签名

Android 现在支持混合 APK 签名方案，以保护应用的签名身份免受利用量子计算的攻击的潜在威胁。此功能引入了一种新的 APK 签名方案，可让您将经典签名密钥（例如 RSA 或 EC）与新的后量子加密 (PQC) 算法 (ML-DSA) 配对。

这种混合方法可确保您的应用在未来免受量子攻击，同时与依赖于经典签名验证的旧版 Android 和设备保持完全的向后兼容性。

对开发者的影响

使用 Play 应用签名的应用：如果您使用 Play 应用签名，可以等待 Google Play 为您提供使用 Google Play 生成的 PQC 密钥升级混合签名的选项，从而确保您的应用受到保护，而无需手动管理密钥。
使用自行管理的密钥的应用：自行管理签名密钥的开发者可以利用更新后的 Android build 工具（例如 apksigner）轮换到混合身份，将 PQC 密钥与新的经典密钥相结合。（您必须创建新的经典密钥，无法重复使用旧密钥。）

连接

Android 17 添加了以下功能，以改进设备和应用连接。

受限卫星网络

Implements optimizations to enable apps to function effectively over low-bandwidth satellite networks.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 17 包含以下变更，旨在提升用户体验。

专用 Google 助理音量音频流

Android 17 introduces a dedicated Assistant volume stream for Assistant apps, for playback with USAGE_ASSISTANT. This change decouples Assistant audio from the standard media stream, providing users with isolated control over both volumes. This enables scenarios such as muting media playback while maintaining audibility for Assistant responses, and the other way around.

Assistant apps with access to the new MODE_ASSISTANT_CONVERSATION audio mode can further improve the volume control consistency. Assistant apps can use this mode to provide a hint to the system about an active Assistant session, ensuring the Assistant stream can be controlled outside of the active USAGE_ASSISTANT playback or with connected Bluetooth peripherals.

Handoff

切换是 Android 17 中新增的一项功能和 API，应用开发者可以将其集成到应用中，以便为用户提供跨设备连续性。它允许用户在一个 Android 设备上启动应用 activity，然后将其转移到另一个 Android 设备。Handoff 在用户设备的后台运行，并通过各种入口点（例如接收设备上的启动器和任务栏）显示用户附近其他设备上的可用活动。

应用可以指定 Handoff 来启动相同的原生 Android 应用（如果该应用已安装在接收设备上且可供使用）。在此应用到应用流程中，用户通过深层链接跳转到指定 activity。或者，应用到网站切换功能可以作为后备选项提供，也可以通过网址切换功能直接实现。

切换支持是按 activity 实现的。如需启用 Handoff，请针对 activity 调用 setHandoffEnabled() 方法。可能需要随切换传递其他数据，以便接收设备上重新创建的 activity 可以恢复适当的状态。实现 onHandoffActivityDataRequested() 回调以返回 HandoffActivityData 对象，该对象包含用于指定 Handoff 应如何处理并在接收设备上重新创建 activity 的详细信息。

实时更新 - 语义颜色 API

With Android 17, Live Update launches the Semantic Coloring APIs to support colors with universal meaning.

The following classes support semantic coloring:

Coloring

Green: Associated with safety. This color should be used for the case where it lets people know you are in the safe situation.
Orange: For designating caution and marking physical hazards. This color should be used in the situation where users need to pay attention to set better protection setting.
Red: Generally indicates danger, stop. It should be presented for the case where need people's attention urgently.
Blue: Neutral color for content that is informational and should stand out from other content.

The following example shows how to apply semantic styles to text in a notification:

  val ssb = SpannableStringBuilder()
        .append("Colors: ")
        .append("NONE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_UNSPECIFIED), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("INFO", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_INFO), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("SAFE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_SAFE), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("CAUTION", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_CAUTION), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("DANGER", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_DANGER), 0)

    Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
          .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_icon)
          .setContentTitle("Hello World!")
          .setContentText(ssb)
          .setOngoing(true)
              .setRequestPromotedOngoing(true)

适用于 Android 17 的 UWB 下行链路 TDoA API

借助下行链路到达时间差 (DL-TDoA) 测距功能，设备可以通过测量信号的相对到达时间来确定其相对于多个锚点的相对位置。

以下代码段演示了如何初始化测距管理器、验证设备功能以及启动 DL-TDoA 会话：

Kotlin

class RangingApp {

    fun initDlTdoa(context: Context) {
        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Register for device capabilities
        val capabilitiesCallback = object : RangingManager.RangingCapabilitiesCallback {
            override fun onRangingCapabilities(capabilities: RangingCapabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.uwbCapabilities != null && capabilities.uwbCapabilities!!.isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context)
                }
            }
        }
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback)
    }

    fun startDlTDoASession(context: Context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Create session and configure parameters
        val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
        val rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, RangingSessionCallback())
        val rangingRoundIndexes = byteArrayOf(0)
        val config: ByteArray = byteArrayOf() // OOB config data
        val params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes)

        val rangingDevice = RangingDevice.Builder().build()
        val rawTagDevice = RawRangingDevice.Builder()
            .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
            .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
            .build()

        val dtTagConfig = RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build()

        val preference = RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
            .setSessionConfig(SessionConfig.Builder().build())
            .build()

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference)
    }
}

private class RangingSessionCallback : RangingSession.Callback {
    override fun onDlTdoaResults(peer: RangingDevice, measurement: DlTdoaMeasurement) {
        // Process measurement results here
    }
}

Java

public class RangingApp {

    public void initDlTdoa(Context context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Register for device capabilities
        RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback capabilitiesCallback = new RangingManager.RangingCapabilitiesCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onRangingCapabilities(RangingCapabilities capabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.getUwbCapabilities() != null && capabilities.getUwbCapabilities().isDlTdoaSupported()) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context);
                }
            }
        };
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback);
    }

    public void startDlTDoASession(Context context) {
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Create session and configure parameters
        Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        RangingSession rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, new RangingSessionCallback());
        byte[] rangingRoundIndexes = new byte[] {0};
        byte[] config = new byte[0]; // OOB config data
        DlTdoaRangingParams params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes);

        RangingDevice rangingDevice = new RangingDevice.Builder().build();
        RawRangingDevice rawTagDevice = new RawRangingDevice.Builder()
                .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
                .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
                .build();

        RawDtTagRangingConfig dtTagConfig = new RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build();

        RangingPreference preference = new RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
                .setSessionConfig(new SessionConfig.Builder().build())
                .build();

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference);
    }

    private static class RangingSessionCallback implements RangingSession.Callback {

        @Override
        public void onDlTdoaResults(RangingDevice peer, DlTdoaMeasurement measurement) {
            // Process measurement results here
        }
    }
}

带外 (OOB) 配置

以下代码段提供了 Wi-Fi 和 BLE 的 DL-TDoA OOB 配置数据示例：

Java

// Wifi Configuration
byte[] wifiConfig = {
    (byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x5A, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

// BLE Configuration
byte[] bleConfig = {
    (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

如果您无法使用 OOB 配置（因为缺少该配置），或者需要更改 OOB 配置中没有的默认值，则可以使用 DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder 构建参数，如以下代码段所示。您可以使用这些参数来代替 DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket()：

Kotlin

val dlTdoaParams = DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04))
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x05))
    .build()

Java

DlTdoaRangingParams dlTdoaParams = new DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(new UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04})
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(new byte[]{0x01, 0x05})
    .build();

功能和 API 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

核心功能

新的 ProfilingManager 触发器

应用异常的性能分析触发器

JobDebugInfo API

通过为允许空闲时运行的闹钟提供监听器支持，减少唤醒锁定

隐私权

加密客户端 Hello (ECH) 平台支持

Android 联系人选择器

安全

Android 高级保护模式 (AAPM)

PQC APK 签名

对开发者的影响

连接

受限卫星网络

用户体验和系统界面

专用 Google 助理音量音频流

Handoff

实时更新 - 语义颜色 API

Coloring

适用于 Android 17 的 UWB 下行链路 TDoA API

Kotlin

Java

带外 (OOB) 配置

Java

Kotlin

Java

功能和 API