Présentation des fonctionnalités et des API

Android 14 offre aux développeurs de nouvelles fonctionnalités et API de qualité. Les informations suivantes vous aident à découvrir les fonctionnalités de vos applications et à vous familiariser avec les API associées.

Pour obtenir une liste détaillée des API ajoutées, modifiées et supprimées, consultez le rapport de différences des API. Pour en savoir plus sur les API ajoutées, consultez la documentation de référence des API Android. Pour Android 14, recherchez les API ajoutées au niveau d'API 34. Pour savoir dans quels domaines les changements de plate-forme peuvent affecter vos applications, consultez les modifications de comportement d'Android 14pour les applications ciblant Android 14 et pour toutes les applications.

Internationalisation

Préférences linguistiques par application

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API Grammatical Inflection

3 milliards de personnes parlent des langues genrées : des langues dont les catégories grammaticales, telles que les noms, verbes, adjectifs et prépositions, s'accordent en fonction du genre des personnes et des objets auxquels on s'adresse ou dont on parle. Traditionnellement, de nombreuses langues genrées utilisent le genre grammatical masculin comme genre par défaut ou générique.

S'adresser à une personne en utilisant le mauvais genre grammatical, par exemple s'adresser à une femme en utilisant le genre masculin, peut avoir un impact négatif sur son comportement et son attitude. En revanche, une interface utilisateur dont le langage reflète correctement le genre grammatical de l'utilisateur ou de l'utilisatrice peut améliorer l'engagement et fournir une expérience utilisateur plus personnalisée et naturelle.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Préférences régionales

Les préférences régionales permettent aux utilisateurs de personnaliser les unités de température, le premier jour de la semaine et les systèmes de numérotation. Une personne européenne vivant aux États-Unis peut préférer que les unités de température soient exprimées en Celsius plutôt qu'en Fahrenheit, et que les applications considèrent le lundi comme le début de la semaine et non le dimanche, comme c'est le cas aux États-Unis.

Les nouveaux menus des paramètres Android correspondant à ces préférences offrent aux utilisateurs un emplacement centralisé et visible pour modifier les préférences des applications. Ces préférences sont également conservées lors de la sauvegarde et de la restauration. Plusieurs API et intents, tels que getTemperatureUnit et getFirstDayOfWeek, autorisent votre application l'accès en lecture aux préférences utilisateur afin que votre application puisse ajuster la façon dont elle affiche les informations. Vous pouvez également enregistrer un BroadcastReceiver sur ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED pour gérer les modifications de configuration des paramètres régionaux lorsque les préférences régionales changent.

Pour accéder à ces paramètres, ouvrez l'application Paramètres et accédez à System > Languages & input > Regional preferences (Système > Langues et saisie > Préférences régionales).

Écran des préférences régionales dans les paramètres système Android.
Options de température pour les préférences régionales dans les paramètres système Android

Accessibilité

Mise à l'échelle non linéaire de la police à 200 %

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Appareil photo et médias

Ultra HDR pour les images

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, mise au point, postview et plus encore dans les extensions d'appareil photo

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom dans le capteur

当 CameraCharacteristics 中的 REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE 包含 SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW 时，您的应用可以使用高级传感器功能，将剪裁后的 RAW 数据流的像素与全视野范围相同，方法是将 CaptureRequest 与将数据流用例设置为 CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW 的 RAW 目标搭配使用。通过实现请求替换控件，更新后的相机可让用户在其他相机控件准备就绪之前使用缩放控件。

Audio USB sans perte

Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the AudioMixerAttributes class. This class represents the format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing, volume adjustment, or processing effects.

Productivité et outils pour les développeurs

Gestionnaire d'identifiants

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Santé Connect

Health Connect 是用户健康与健身数据的设备端仓库。借助该功能，用户可以在一个位置控制要与这些应用共享哪些数据，并在自己喜爱的应用之间共享数据。

在搭载 Android 14 之前的 Android 版本的设备上，Health Connect 可作为应用从 Google Play 商店下载。从 Android 14 开始，Health Connect 将成为 Android 平台的一部分，并通过 Google Play 系统更新接收更新，而无需单独下载。这样一来，Health Connect 就可以频繁更新，您的应用可以依赖于搭载 Android 14 或更高版本的设备上提供的 Health Connect。用户可以通过设备的“设置”访问 Health Connect，隐私控制功能集成到系统设置中。

用户无需在搭载 Android 14 或更高版本的设备上单独下载应用，即可开始使用 Health Connect。
用户可以通过系统设置控制哪些应用可以访问其健康与健身数据。

Health Connect 在 Android 14 中包含多项新功能，例如锻炼路线，可让用户分享可在地图上直观呈现的锻炼路线。路线定义为在一定时间范围内保存的位置列表，您的应用可以将路线插入锻炼时段，将它们关联起来。为确保用户能够完全控制此类敏感数据，用户必须允许与其他应用共享单个路线。

如需了解详情，请参阅 Health Connect 文档以及有关 Android Health 中的新功能的博文。

Mises à jour OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Améliorations apportées aux plates-formes de téléchargement d'applications

Android 14 引入了多个 PackageInstaller API，可帮助应用商店改善其用户体验。

下载之前请求批准安装

安装或更新应用可能需要用户批准。例如，当使用 REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES 权限的安装程序尝试安装新应用时。在之前的 Android 版本中，只有在将 APK 写入安装会话并且提交会话后，应用商店才能请求用户批准。

从 Android 14 开始，requestUserPreapproval() 方法可让安装程序在提交安装会话之前请求用户批准。此项改进可让应用商店将任何 APK 的下载操作推迟到用户批准安装之后。此外，用户批准安装后，应用商店可以在后台下载并安装应用，而不会干扰用户。

承担未来更新的责任

借助 setRequestUpdateOwnership() 方法，安装程序可以向系统表明它打算负责将被安装的应用未来的更新。此 capability 可实现更新所有权强制执行，即仅允许更新所有者为应用安装自动更新。更新所有权强制执行有助于确保用户仅收到来自预期应用商店的更新。

任何其他安装程序（包括使用 INSTALL_PACKAGES 权限的安装程序）都必须获得用户的明确批准，才能安装更新。如果用户决定继续从其他来源安装更新，则会失去更新所有权。

在干扰较少的时段更新应用

应用商店通常希望避免更新正在使用的应用，因为这会导致应用正在运行的进程被终止，而这可能会中断用户正在执行的操作。

从 Android 14 开始，InstallConstraints API 让安装程序可以确保其应用更新在适当的时机进行。例如，应用商店可以调用 commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() 方法来确保仅在用户不再与相应应用互动时才进行更新。

无缝安装可选拆分

借助拆分 APK，应用的功能可以通过单独的 APK 文件提供，而不是以单体式 APK 的形式提供。借助拆分 APK，应用商店可以优化不同应用组件的提供。例如，应用商店可能会根据目标设备的属性进行优化。自在 API 级别 22 中引入以来，PackageInstaller API 一直支持拆分。

在 Android 14 中，setDontKillApp() 方法可让安装程序指明在安装新的拆分项时应用的运行进程不应终止。应用商店可以使用此功能，在用户使用应用时无缝安装应用的新功能。

Bundles de métadonnées d'application

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Détecter quand les utilisateurs prennent des captures d'écran de l'appareil

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Expérience utilisateur

Actions personnalisées Sharesheet et classement amélioré

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Prise en charge des animations intégrées et personnalisées pour la prévisualisation du Retour

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

Forçages par application du fabricant d'appareils à grand écran

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Forçages par application pour les utilisateurs sur grand écran

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

Partager le contenu d'une appli sur l'écran

借助应用界面共享功能，用户可以在录制屏幕内容时共享应用窗口，而不是整个设备屏幕。

在应用屏幕共享模式下，状态栏、导航栏、通知和其他系统界面元素会从共享显示屏中排除。系统只会分享所选应用的内容。

应用屏幕共享功能可让用户运行多个应用，但将内容共享限制为单个应用，从而提高工作效率并保护隐私。

Réponse suggérée optimisée par LLM dans Gboard sur un Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Graphiques

Les chemins sont interrogeables et interpolables

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Maillages personnalisés avec des nuanceurs de sommets et de fragments

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Moteur de rendu de tampon matériel pour Canvas

协助使用 Android 的 Canvas API 通过 硬件加速至 HardwareBuffer、Android 14 引入了 HardwareBufferRenderer。如果您的用例涉及通过 SurfaceControl 与系统合成器通信以实现低延迟绘制，此 API 特别有用。