আচরণ পরিবর্তন: সমস্ত অ্যাপ্লিকেশন

অ্যান্ড্রয়েড 14 প্ল্যাটফর্মে এমন আচরণের পরিবর্তন রয়েছে যা আপনার অ্যাপকে প্রভাবিত করতে পারে। নিম্নলিখিত আচরণের পরিবর্তনগুলি সমস্ত অ্যাপের ক্ষেত্রে প্রযোজ্য যখন সেগুলি Android 14 এ চলে, targetSdkVersion নির্বিশেষে। আপনার অ্যাপটি পরীক্ষা করা উচিত এবং তারপরে যেখানে প্রযোজ্য সেখানে সঠিকভাবে সমর্থন করার জন্য প্রয়োজন অনুসারে এটি সংশোধন করা উচিত।

এছাড়াও আচরণ পরিবর্তনের তালিকা পর্যালোচনা করতে ভুলবেন না যা শুধুমাত্র Android 14 কে লক্ষ্য করে এমন অ্যাপগুলিকে প্রভাবিত করে ।

মূল কার্যকারিতা

সঠিক অ্যালার্মের সময়সূচী ডিফল্টরূপে অস্বীকার করা হয়

Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.

Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.

প্রসঙ্গ-নিবন্ধিত সম্প্রচারগুলি সারিবদ্ধ থাকে যখন অ্যাপগুলি ক্যাশে থাকে৷

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

অ্যাপগুলি শুধুমাত্র তাদের নিজস্ব ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ড প্রসেস মেরে ফেলতে পারে

从 Android 14 开始，当您的应用调用 killBackgroundProcesses() 时，该 API 只能终止您自己应用的后台进程。

如果您传入另一个应用的软件包名称，此方法对该应用的后台进程没有影响，并且 Logcat 中会显示以下消息：

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

您的应用不应使用 killBackgroundProcesses() API，也不得以其他方式尝试影响其他应用的进程生命周期，即使在旧版操作系统上也是如此。Android 旨在让缓存应用在后台运行，并在系统需要内存时自动终止它们。如果您的应用会不必要地终止其他应用，则由于之后需要完全重启这些应用，因此可能会降低系统性能并增加耗电量，这比恢复现有缓存应用所消耗的资源要多得多。

注意：第三方应用无法改善 Android 设备的内存、电源或散热行为。您应确保您的应用符合 Google Play 关于误导性声明的政策。

প্রথম GATT ক্লায়েন্ট একটি MTU অনুরোধ করার জন্য MTU 517 এ সেট করা হয়েছে

Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU requests on that ACL connection.

Note: This change doesn't have an impact unless the peripheral device isn't handling the MTU negotiation properly and accepting any MTU size even if it doesn't support it. In such cases, it could cause issues when your app sends large amounts of data from Android 14 devices.

To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:

• Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and the remote provided value (for example, min(517, remoteMtu))
  • Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
• Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU change
  • A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
  • For example: arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

একটি অ্যাপকে সীমাবদ্ধ স্ট্যান্ডবাই বালতিতে রাখার নতুন কারণ

Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket. The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob, onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts. (See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes to onStartJob and onStopJob.)

Note: See power management to see how the app is impacted if it is placed into the restricted bucket. The app is moved back to the active bucket when the user launches the app to the foreground, just as in previous Android versions.

To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket, we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.

mlock 64 KB পর্যন্ত সীমাবদ্ধ

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

সিস্টেম ক্যাশে-অ্যাপ রিসোর্স ব্যবহার প্রয়োগ করে

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

ব্যবহারকারীর অভিজ্ঞতা

ব্যবহারকারীরা যেভাবে বাতিলযোগ্য বিজ্ঞপ্তিগুলি অনুভব করেন তার পরিবর্তন৷

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

• When the phone is locked
• If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

• CallStyle notifications
• Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
• Media notifications
• The default Search Selector package

তথ্য নিরাপত্তা তথ্য আরো দৃশ্যমান হয়

为了加强用户隐私保护，Android 14 增加了系统显示您在 Play 管理中心表单中声明的信息的位置数量。目前，用户可以在 Google Play 中的应用详情的数据安全部分查看此信息。

我们建议您查看应用的位置数据分享政策，并花一点时间对应用的 Google Play“数据安全”部分进行任何适用的更新。

如需了解详情，请参阅有关如何在 Android 14 上以更显眼的方式显示数据安全信息的指南。

অ্যাক্সেসযোগ্যতা

নন-লিনিয়ার ফন্ট স্কেলিং 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

নিরাপত্তা

ন্যূনতম ইনস্টলযোগ্য লক্ষ্য API স্তর

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

মিডিয়া মালিকের প্যাকেজের নাম সংশোধন করা হতে পারে

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

• The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

• The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

  Caution: Use of the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission is subject to Google Play Policy.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.