फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के टाइप

Android 14 (एपीआई लेवल 34) से, आपको हर फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के लिए सही सेवा टाइप का एलान करना होगा. इसका मतलब है कि आपको अपने ऐप्लिकेशन मेनिफ़ेस्ट में, सेवा के टाइप की जानकारी देनी होगी. साथ ही, उस टाइप के लिए फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा की सही अनुमति का अनुरोध करना होगा. इसके अलावा, आपको FOREGROUND_SERVICE अनुमति का अनुरोध भी करना होगा. इसके अलावा, फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के टाइप के आधार पर, सेवा को लॉन्च करने से पहले आपको रनटाइम की अनुमतियों का अनुरोध करना पड़ सकता है.

कैमरा

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

कनेक्ट किया गया डिवाइस

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

डेटा सिंक करना

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

बैटरी की परफ़ॉर्मेंस

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

जगह की जानकारी

मेनिफ़ेस्ट में जाकर, फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के टाइप की जानकारी दें. इसके लिए,
android:foregroundServiceType
location
अपने मेनिफ़ेस्ट में एलान करने की अनुमति
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
startForeground() को पास करने के लिए कॉन्स्टेंट
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
रनटाइम की ज़रूरी शर्तें

उपयोगकर्ता ने जगह की जानकारी की सेवाएं चालू की हों और ऐप्लिकेशन को इनमें से कम से कम एक रनटाइम अनुमति दी गई हो:

ब्यौरा

लंबे समय तक चलने वाले ऐसे इस्तेमाल के उदाहरण जिनके लिए जगह की जानकारी का ऐक्सेस ज़रूरी है. जैसे, नेविगेशन और जगह की जानकारी शेयर करना.

विकल्प

अगर उपयोगकर्ता किसी खास जगह पर पहुंचने पर आपके ऐप्लिकेशन को ट्रिगर करना है, तो इसके बजाय geofence API का इस्तेमाल करें.

मीडिया

मेनिफ़ेस्ट में जाकर, फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के टाइप की जानकारी दें. इसके लिए,
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
अपने मेनिफ़ेस्ट में एलान करने की अनुमति
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
startForeground() को पास करने के लिए कॉन्स्टेंट
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
रनटाइम की ज़रूरी शर्तें
कोई नहीं
ब्यौरा

इसका इस्तेमाल करके, ऑडियो या वीडियो को बैकग्राउंड में चलाया जा सकता है. Android TV पर डिजिटल वीडियो रिकॉर्डिंग (डीवीआर) की सुविधा काम करती हो.

विकल्प

अगर पिक्चर में पिक्चर मोड में वीडियो दिखाया जा रहा है, तो पिक्चर में पिक्चर मोड का इस्तेमाल करें.

मीडिया प्रोसेस करना

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

मीडिया प्रोजेक्शन

मेनिफ़ेस्ट में जाकर, फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा के टाइप की जानकारी दें
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
अपने मेनिफ़ेस्ट में एलान करने की अनुमति
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
startForeground() को पास करने के लिए कॉन्स्टेंट
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
रनटाइम की ज़रूरी शर्तें

फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा शुरू करने से पहले, createScreenCaptureIntent() तरीके को कॉल करें. ऐसा करने पर, उपयोगकर्ता को अनुमति की सूचना दिखती है. सेवा बनाने से पहले, उपयोगकर्ता को अनुमति देनी होगी.

फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवा बनाने के बाद, MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection() को कॉल किया जा सकता है.

ब्यौरा

MediaProjection एपीआई का इस्तेमाल करके, कॉन्टेंट को नॉन-प्राइमरी डिसप्ले या बाहरी डिवाइस पर प्रोजेक्ट करें. यह ज़रूरी नहीं है कि यह कॉन्टेंट सिर्फ़ मीडिया कॉन्टेंट हो.

विकल्प

किसी दूसरे डिवाइस पर मीडिया स्ट्रीम करने के लिए, Google Cast SDK का इस्तेमाल करें.

माइक्रोफ़ोन

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

फ़ोन कॉल

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

  • App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.
Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

रिमोट मैसेज सेवा

要在其清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
运行时前提条件
无
说明
将短信从一台设备转移到另一台设备。在用户切换设备时，帮助确保用户消息任务的连续性。

कम समय के लिए सेवा

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

खास इस्तेमाल

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

सिस्टम को छूट मिली

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

फ़ोरग्राउंड सेवाओं के टाइप इस्तेमाल करने के लिए, Google Play की नीति लागू करना

如果您的应用以 Android 14 或更高版本为目标平台，您需要在 Play 管理中心的“应用内容”页面（政策 > 应用内容）中声明应用的前台服务类型。如需详细了解如何在 Play 管理中心内声明前台服务类型，请参阅了解前台服务和全屏 intent 要求。