ListenableWorker 中的线程处理

在某些情况下,您可能需要提供自定义线程处理策略。例如,您可能需要处理基于回调的异步操作。 WorkManager 通过 ListenableWorker 支持此用例。ListenableWorker 是最基本的工作器 API;WorkerCoroutineWorkerRxWorker 均派生自此类。ListenableWorker 只会发出信号来表明应该开始和停止工作,而线程处理则完全由您来完成。启动工作信号在主线程上调用,因此请务必手动转到您选择的后台线程。

抽象方法 ListenableWorker.startWork() 会返回 ResultListenableFutureListenableFuture 是一个轻量级接口:它是一个 Future,用于提供附加监听器和传播异常的功能。在 startWork 方法中,应返回 ListenableFuture,在操作完成后,您需要使用操作的 Result 对其进行设置。您可以通过以下两种方式之一创建 ListenableFuture 实例:

  1. 如果您使用的是 Guava,请使用 ListeningExecutorService
  2. 否则,请将 councurrent-futures 包含在您的 Gradle 文件中并使用 CallbackToFutureAdapter

如果您想基于异步回调执行某些工作,可以采用如下方式:

Kotlin

class CallbackWorker(
        context: Context,
        params: WorkerParameters
) : ListenableWorker(context, params) {
    override fun startWork(): ListenableFuture<Result> {
        return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture { completer ->
            val callback = object : Callback {
                var successes = 0

                override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {
                    completer.setException(e)
                }

                override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {
                    successes++
                    if (successes == 100) {
                        completer.set(Result.success())
                    }
                }
            }

            repeat(100) {
                downloadAsynchronously("https://example.com", callback)
            }

            callback
        }
    }
}

Java

public class CallbackWorker extends ListenableWorker {

    public CallbackWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters params) {
        super(context, params);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ListenableFuture<Result> startWork() {
        return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture(completer -> {
            Callback callback = new Callback() {
                int successes = 0;

                @Override
                public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                    completer.setException(e);
                }

                @Override
                public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
                    successes++;
                    if (successes == 100) {
                        completer.set(Result.success());
                    }
                }
            };

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                downloadAsynchronously("https://www.example.com", callback);
            }
            return callback;
        });
    }
}

如果您的工作停止,会发生什么情况? 如果预计工作将停止,系统总是会取消 ListenableWorkerListenableFuture。使用 CallbackToFutureAdapter 时,您只需添加取消监听器,如下所示:

Kotlin

class CallbackWorker(
        context: Context,
        params: WorkerParameters
) : ListenableWorker(context, params) {
    override fun startWork(): ListenableFuture<Result> {
        return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture { completer ->
            val callback = object : Callback {
                var successes = 0

                override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {
                    completer.setException(e)
                }

                override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {
                    ++successes
                    if (successes == 100) {
                        completer.set(Result.success())
                    }
                }
            }

 completer.addCancellationListener(cancelDownloadsRunnable, executor)

            repeat(100) {
                downloadAsynchronously("https://example.com", callback)
            }

            callback
        }
    }
}

Java

public class CallbackWorker extends ListenableWorker {

    public CallbackWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters params) {
        super(context, params);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ListenableFuture<Result> startWork() {
        return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture(completer -> {
            Callback callback = new Callback() {
                int successes = 0;

                @Override
                public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                    completer.setException(e);
                }

                @Override
                public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
                    ++successes;
                    if (successes == 100) {
                        completer.set(Result.success());
                    }
                }
            };

            completer.addCancellationListener(cancelDownloadsRunnable, executor);

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
                downloadAsynchronously("https://www.example.com", callback);
            }
            return callback;
        });
    }
}

在其他进程中运行 ListenableWorker

您还可以使用 RemoteListenableWorkerListenableWorker 的实现)将工作器绑定到特定进程。

RemoteListenableWorker 会使用您在构建工作请求时于输入数据中提供的两个额外参数绑定到特定进程:ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAMEARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME

以下示例演示了如何构建绑定到特定进程的工作请求:

Kotlin

val PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.background.multiprocess"

val serviceName = RemoteWorkerService::class.java.name
val componentName = ComponentName(PACKAGE_NAME, serviceName)

val data: Data = Data.Builder()
   .putString(ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME, componentName.packageName)
   .putString(ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAME, componentName.className)
   .build()

return OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(ExampleRemoteListenableWorker::class.java)
   .setInputData(data)
   .build()

Java

String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.background.multiprocess";

String serviceName = RemoteWorkerService.class.getName();
ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(PACKAGE_NAME, serviceName);

Data data = new Data.Builder()
        .putString(ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME, componentName.getPackageName())
        .putString(ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAME, componentName.getClassName())
        .build();

return new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(ExampleRemoteListenableWorker.class)
        .setInputData(data)
        .build();

对于每个 RemoteWorkerService,您还需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中添加服务定义:

<manifest ... >
    <service
            android:name="androidx.work.multiprocess.RemoteWorkerService"
            android:exported="false"
            android:process=":worker1" />

        <service
            android:name=".RemoteWorkerService2"
            android:exported="false"
            android:process=":worker2" />
    ...
</manifest>

示例