Kể từ Android 14 (cấp độ API 34), bạn phải khai báo loại dịch vụ phù hợp cho từng dịch vụ nền trước. Tức là bạn phải khai báo loại dịch vụ trong tệp kê khai ứng dụng, đồng thời yêu cầu quyền dịch vụ trên nền trước phù hợp cho loại đó (ngoài việc yêu cầu quyền FOREGROUND_SERVICE). Hơn nữa, tuỳ thuộc vào loại dịch vụ nền trước, bạn có thể phải yêu cầu quyền khi bắt đầu chạy trước khi chạy dịch vụ.
Máy ảnh
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType camera- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
CAMERAruntime permission- Description
Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.
Thiết bị đã kết nối
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypeconnectedDevice- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.
If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.
Đồng bộ hoá dữ liệu
- Loại dịch vụ nền trước cần khai báo trong tệp kê khai trong
android:foregroundServiceTypedataSync- Quyền cần khai báo trong tệp kê khai
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC- Hằng số cần truyền đến
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC- Điều kiện tiên quyết về thời gian chạy
- Không có
- Nội dung mô tả
Các hoạt động chuyển dữ liệu, chẳng hạn như:
- Tải dữ liệu lên hoặc tải dữ liệu xuống
- Hoạt động sao lưu và khôi phục
- Hoạt động nhập hoặc xuất dữ liệu
- Tìm nạp dữ liệu
- Xử lý tệp cục bộ
- Chuyển dữ liệu giữa thiết bị và đám mây qua mạng
- Lựa chọn thay thế
Hãy xem phần Các giải pháp thay thế cho dịch vụ nền trước đồng bộ hoá dữ liệu để biết thông tin chi tiết.
Sức khoẻ
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypehealth- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH- 运行时前提条件
必须至少满足以下其中一个条件:
在清单中声明
HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS权限。至少请求并被授予以下其中一项运行时权限:
- 说明
为健身类别的应用(例如锻炼追踪器)提供支持的所有长时间运行的用例。
Vị trí
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypelocation- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION- Runtime prerequisites
The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.
Nội dung nghe nhìn
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaPlayback- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
- Alternatives
If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.
Xử lý phương tiện
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaProcessing- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
用于对媒体资源执行耗时的操作(例如将媒体转换为其他格式)的服务。系统允许此服务运行的时间有限;在正常情况下,此时限为每天 24 小时中的 6 小时。(此限制由应用的所有
mediaProcessing前台服务共享。)在以下情况下,您的应用应手动停止媒体处理服务:
- 当转码操作完成或达到失败状态时,让服务调用
Service.stopForeground()和Service.stopSelf()以完全停止服务。
- 当转码操作完成或达到失败状态时,让服务调用
如果超时期限已到,系统会调用服务的
Service.onTimeout(int, int)方法。此时,该服务有几秒钟的时间来调用Service.stopSelf()。如果服务未调用Service.stopSelf(),则会发生 ANR,并显示以下错误消息:“<fgs_type> 的前台服务未在超时时间内停止:<component_name>”。注意:
Service.onTimeout(int, int)不适用于 Android 14 或更低版本。在搭载这些版本的设备上,如果媒体处理服务达到超时期限,系统会立即缓存应用。因此,您的应用不应等待收到超时通知。相反,它应在适当情况下尽快终止前台服务或将其更改为后台服务。
Chiếu nội dung nghe nhìn
- 在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaProjection- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION- 运行时前提条件
在启动前台服务之前,调用
createScreenCaptureIntent()方法。这样做会向用户显示权限通知;用户必须先授予权限,然后您才能创建服务。创建前台服务后,您可以调用
MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()。- 说明
使用
MediaProjectionAPI 将内容投影到非主要显示屏或外部设备。这些内容不必全都为媒体内容。- 替代方案
如需将媒体内容流式传输到其他设备,请使用 Google Cast SDK。
Micrô
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypemicrophone- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
RECORD_AUDIOruntime permission.- Description
Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.
Cuộc gọi điện thoại
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypephoneCall- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of these conditions must be true:
- App has declared the
MANAGE_OWN_CALLSpermission in its manifest file.
- App has declared the
- App is the default dialer app through the
ROLE_DIALERrole.
- App is the default dialer app through the
- Description
Continue an ongoing call using the
ConnectionServiceAPIs.- Alternatives
If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the
android.telecomlibrary.Consider using
CallScreeningServiceto screen calls.
Nhắn tin từ xa
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTyperemoteMessaging- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
- Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.
Dịch vụ ngắn
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypeshortService- 在清单中声明的权限
- 无
- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
快速完成不可中断或推迟的关键工作。
这种类型有一些独特的特征:
- 只能持续运行一小段时间(大约 3 分钟)。
- 不支持粘性前台服务。
- 无法启动其他前台服务。
- 不需要类型专用权限,不过它仍需要
FOREGROUND_SERVICE权限。 - 只有当应用当前符合启动新前台服务的条件时,
shortService才能更改为其他服务类型。 - 前台服务可以随时将其类型更改为
shortService,届时超时期限将开始。
shortService 的超时时间从调用
Service.startForeground()开始算起。应用应在发生超时之前调用Service.stopSelf()或Service.stopForeground()。否则,系统会调用新的Service.onTimeout(),让应用有机会调用stopSelf()或stopForeground()来停止其服务。调用
Service.onTimeout()后的短时间内,应用会进入缓存状态,并且不再被视为处于前台,除非用户正在主动与应用互动。应用缓存一小段时间后,服务还未停止,该应用会收到 ANR 消息。ANR 消息提及FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE。出于这些原因,实现Service.onTimeout()回调被视为一种最佳实践。Android 13 及更低版本中不存在
Service.onTimeout()回调。如果同一服务在此类设备上运行,则不会出现超时,也不会发生 ANR。确保您的服务在完成处理任务后立即停止,即使它尚未收到Service.onTimeout()回调也是如此。请务必注意,如果未遵循
shortService的超时设置,即使应用还有其他有效的前台服务或其他应用生命周期进程,应用也会遇到 ANR。如果应用对用户可见,或满足允许从后台启动前台服务的某一豁免条件,则使用
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE参数再次调用Service.StartForeground()会将超时时间再延长 3 分钟。如果应用对用户不可见且不满足其中一个豁免条件,则尝试启动其他前台服务(无论其类型如何)都会导致ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException。即使用户为您的应用停用电池优化功能,仍然会受到 shortService FGS 的影响。
如果您启动包含
shortService类型和另一个前台服务类型的前台服务,系统会忽略shortService类型声明。不过,该服务仍必须遵守其他声明类型的先决条件。如需了解详情,请参阅前台服务文档。
Cách sử dụng đặc biệt
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypespecialUse- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
涵盖其他前台服务类型未涵盖的所有有效前台服务用例。
除了声明
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE前台服务类型之外,开发者还应在清单中声明用例。为此,他们会在<service>元素内指定<property>元素。这些值和相应的应用场景 。用途 您提供的案例均为自由形式,因此,您应确保提供足够的 相关信息,让审核人员了解您为何需要使用specialUse类型。<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service>
Được miễn trừ hệ thống
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypesystemExempted- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.
To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:
- Device is in demo mode state
- App is a Device Owner
- App is a Profiler Owner
- Safety Apps that have the
ROLE_EMERGENCYrole - Device Admin apps
- Apps holding
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARMorUSE_EXACT_ALARMpermission VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)
Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a
ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.
Phương thức thực thi chính sách của Google Play đối với việc sử dụng các loại dịch vụ trên nền trước
如果您的应用以 Android 14 或更高版本为目标平台,您需要在 Play 管理中心的“应用内容”页面(政策 > 应用内容)中声明应用的前台服务类型。如需详细了解如何在 Play 管理中心内声明前台服务类型,请参阅了解前台服务和全屏 intent 要求。