測試 Worker 實作

WorkManager 提供用於測試 Worker、ListenableWorker 和 ListenableWorker 變異版 (CoroutineWorker 和 RxWorker) 的 API。

測試工作站

假設有一個如下所示的 Worker：

Kotlin

class SleepWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters) :
    Worker(context, parameters) {

    override fun doWork(): Result {
        // Sleep on a background thread.
        Thread.sleep(1000)
        return Result.success()
    }
}

Java

public class SleepWorker extends Worker {
    public SleepWorker(
            @NonNull Context context,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParameters) {
        super(context, workerParameters);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
return Result.success();
        }
    }
}

如要測試此 Worker，您可以使用 TestWorkerBuilder。此建構工具可協助您建構 Worker 的執行個體，以用於測試商業邏輯。

Kotlin

// Kotlin code uses the TestWorkerBuilder extension to build
// the Worker
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class SleepWorkerTest {
    private lateinit var context: Context
    private lateinit var executor: Executor

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
        executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
    }

    @Test
    fun testSleepWorker() {
        val worker = TestWorkerBuilder<SleepWorker>(
            context = context,
            executor = executor
        ).build()

        val result = worker.doWork()
        assertThat(result, `is`(Result.success()))
    }
}

Java

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class SleepWorkerJavaTest {
    private Context context;
    private Executor executor;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
        executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSleepWorker() {
        SleepWorker worker =
                (SleepWorker) TestWorkerBuilder.from(context,
                        SleepWorker.class,
                        executor)
                        .build();

        Result result = worker.doWork();
        assertThat(result, is(Result.success()));
    }
}

TestWorkerBuilder 也可用來設定標記，例如 inputData 或 runAttemptCount，因此您可以個別驗證工作站狀態。假設在休眠期間將 SleepWorker 當做輸入資料，而非在工作站中當做定義的常數：

Kotlin

class SleepWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters) :
    Worker(context, parameters) {

    override fun doWork(): Result {
        // Sleep on a background thread.
        val sleepDuration = inputData.getLong(SLEEP_DURATION, 1000)
        Thread.sleep(sleepDuration)
        return Result.success()
    }

    companion object {
        const val SLEEP_DURATION = "SLEEP_DURATION"
    }
}

Java

public class SleepWorker extends Worker {
    public static final String SLEEP_DURATION = "SLEEP_DURATION";

    public SleepWorker(
            @NonNull Context context,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParameters) {
        super(context, workerParameters);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {
        try {
            long duration = getInputData().getLong(SLEEP_DURATION, 1000);
            Thread.sleep(duration);
        } catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
       return Result.success();
        }
    }
}

在 SleepWorkerTest 中，您可以將輸入資料提供給 TestWorkerBuilder，藉此滿足 SleepWorker 的需求。

Kotlin

// Kotlin code uses the TestWorkerBuilder extension to build
// the Worker
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class SleepWorkerTest {
    private lateinit var context: Context
    private lateinit var executor: Executor

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
        executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
    }

    @Test
    fun testSleepWorker() {
        val worker = TestWorkerBuilder<SleepWorker>(
            context = context,
            executor = executor,
            inputData = workDataOf("SLEEP_DURATION" to 1000L)
        ).build()

        val result = worker.doWork()
        assertThat(result, `is`(Result.success()))
    }
}

Java

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class SleepWorkerJavaTest {
    private Context context;
    private Executor executor;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
        executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSleepWorker() {
        Data inputData = new Data.Builder()
                .putLong("SLEEP_DURATION", 1000L)
                .build();

        SleepWorker worker =
                (SleepWorker) TestWorkerBuilder.from(context,
                        SleepWorker.class, executor)
                        .setInputData(inputData)
                        .build();

        Result result = worker.doWork();
        assertThat(result, is(Result.success()));
    }
}

如要進一步瞭解 TestWorkerBuilder API，請參閱 TestListenableWorkerBuilder 的參考頁面，此為 TestWorkerBuilder 的父類別。

測試 ListenableWorker 及其變異版

如要測試 ListenableWorker 或其變異版 (CoroutineWorker 和 RxWorker)，請使用 TestListenableWorkerBuilder。TestWorkerBuilder 和 TestListenableWorkerBuilder 間的主要差異為，TestWorkerBuilder 可讓您指定用於執行 Worker 的背景 Executor，其 TestListenableWorkerBuilder 取決於 ListenableWorker 實作的執行緒邏輯。

舉例來說，假設我們需要測試如下所示的 CoroutineWorker：

class SleepWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters) :
    CoroutineWorker(context, parameters) {
    override suspend fun doWork(): Result {
        delay(1000L) // milliseconds
        return Result.success()
    }
}

如要測試 SleepWorker，請先使用 TestListenableWorkerBuilder 建立「工作站」的執行個體，然後在協同程式中呼叫其 doWork 函式。

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class SleepWorkerTest {
    private lateinit var context: Context

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
    }

    @Test
    fun testSleepWorker() {
        val worker = TestListenableWorkerBuilder<SleepWorker>(context).build()
        runBlocking {
            val result = worker.doWork()
            assertThat(result, `is`(Result.success()))
        }
    }
}

runBlocking 可做為測試的協同程式建構工具，因此任何以非同步方式執行的程式碼都會改為平行執行。

測試 RxWorker 實作和測試 CoroutineWorker 類似，因為 TestListenableWorkerBuilder 可以處理 ListenableWorker 的所有子類別。假設 SleepWorker 版本使用 RxJava 而非協同程式。

Kotlin

class SleepWorker(
    context: Context,
    parameters: WorkerParameters
) : RxWorker(context, parameters) {
    override fun createWork(): Single<Result> {
        return Single.just(Result.success())
            .delay(1000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
    }
}

Java

public class SleepWorker extends RxWorker {
    public SleepWorker(@NonNull Context appContext, 
@NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
        super(appContext, workerParams);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Single<Result> createWork() {
        return Single.just(Result.success())
                .delay(1000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
}

用於測試 RxWorker 的 SleepWorkerTest 版本，似乎與測試 CoroutineWorker 的版本相似。使用相同的 TestListenableWorkerBuilder，但現在呼叫 RxWorker 的 createWork 函式。createWork 會回傳 Single，供您用於驗證工作站的行為。TestListenableWorkerBuilder 會處理任何執行緒複雜性，並平行執行工作站程式碼。

Kotlin

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class SleepWorkerTest {
    private lateinit var context: Context

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
    }

    @Test
    fun testSleepWorker() {
        val worker = TestListenableWorkerBuilder<SleepWorker>(context).build()
        worker.createWork().subscribe { result ->
            assertThat(result, `is`(Result.success()))
        }
    }
}

Java

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class SleepWorkerTest {
    private Context context;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSleepWorker() {
        SleepWorker worker = TestListenableWorkerBuilder.from(context, SleepWorker.class)
                .build();
        worker.createWork().subscribe(result ->
                assertThat(result, is(Result.success())));
        }
}