動作の変更点: すべてのアプリ

Android 14 プラットフォームには、アプリに影響する可能性がある動作変更が含まれています。下記の動作変更は、targetSdkVersion に関係なく、Android 14 上で稼働するすべてのアプリに適用されます。該当する場合は、アプリをテストし、必要に応じて修正して、適切に対応してください。

Android 14 をターゲットとするアプリにのみ影響する動作変更のリストも必ずご確認ください。

コア機能

正確なアラームのスケジュールはデフォルトで拒否される

Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.

Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.

アプリがキャッシュされている間、コンテキスト登録されたブロードキャストがキューに追加される

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

アプリは自身のバックグラウンドプロセスのみを強制終了できる

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

MTU をリクエストする最初の GATT クライアントの MTU が 517 に設定される

从 Android 14 开始，Android 蓝牙堆栈会更严格地遵循蓝牙核心规范 5.2 版，并在第一个 GATT 客户端使用 BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API 请求 MTU 时将 BLE ATT MTU 请求设为 517 字节，并忽略该 ACL 连接上的所有后续 MTU 请求。

如需解决此更改并使您的应用更为稳健，请考虑以下选项：

您的外围设备应使用外围设备可以容纳的合理值来响应 Android 设备的 MTU 请求。最终协商的值将是 Android 请求的值和远程提供的值（例如 min(517, remoteMtu)）的较小值
- 实现此修复程序可能需要更新外围设备的固件
或者，您也可以根据外围设备的已知支持值与收到的 MTU 更改值之间的最小值来限制 GATT 特征写入
- 提醒您，应将标头的支持大小减小 5 个字节
- 例如：arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

アプリが制限付きスタンバイバケットに配置される新しい理由

Android 14 では、アプリを制限付きスタンバイバケットに配置できる新しい理由が導入されました。アプリのジョブで、onStartJob、onStopJob、または onBind メソッドのタイムアウトが原因で ANR エラーが複数回トリガーされます。（onStartJob と onStopJob の変更については、JobScheduler がコールバックとネットワークの動作を強化をご覧ください）。

アプリが制限付きスタンバイバケットに入ったかどうかを追跡するには、ジョブの実行時に API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() を使用してロギングするか、アプリの起動時に UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() を使用してロギングすることをおすすめします。

mlock の上限は 64 KB

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

システムがキャッシュに保存されたアプリのリソース使用量を適用する

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

ユーザーエクスペリエンス

閉じることができない通知のユーザーエクスペリエンスに関する変更

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

When the phone is locked
If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

CallStyle notifications
Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
Media notifications
The default Search Selector package

データセーフティ情報の視認性が向上

Android 14 では、ユーザーのプライバシーを保護するため、Google Play Console フォームで申告された情報を表示する場所を増やしています。現在のところ、この情報は、Google Play のアプリの掲載情報にあるデータセーフティ セクションで確認できます。

アプリの位置情報の共有に関するポリシーを確認し、適宜 Google Play のデータセーフティセクションを更新することをおすすめします。

詳しくは、Android 14 でのデータセーフティ情報の表示方法に関するガイドをご覧ください。

ユーザー補助

非線形フォントスケーリングを 200% にする

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

セキュリティ

インストール可能な最小対象 API レベル

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

メディア所有者のパッケージ名が削除される場合がある

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.
The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

Caution: Use of the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission is subject to Google Play Policy.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.