انواع سرویس پیش‌زمینه‌ای

از Android نسخه ۱۴ (سطح API‏ ۳۴) به بعد، باید نوع سرویس مناسبی را برای هر سرویس پیش‌زمینه‌ای اعلام کنید. یعنی باید نوع سرویس را در مانیفست برنامه‌تان تعریف کنید و همچنین اجازه سرویس پیش‌زمینه‌ای مناسب را برای آن نوع درخواست کنید (علاوه‌بر درخواست اجازه FOREGROUND_SERVICE). علاوه‌براین، بسته به نوع سرویس پیش‌زمینه‌ای، ممکن است لازم باشد قبل‌از راه‌اندازی سرویس، اجازه‌های زمان اجرا را درخواست کنید.

دوربین

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

دستگاه متصل‌شده

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

همگام‌سازی داده‌ها

在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
运行时前提条件
无
说明

数据传输操作，例如：

  • 数据上传或下载
  • 备份和恢复操作
  • 导入或导出操作
  • 获取数据
  • 本地文件处理
  • 通过网络在设备和云端之间传输数据
替代方案

如需了解详情，请参阅数据同步前台服务的替代方案。

سلامت

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

مکان

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

رسانه

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.

Alternatives

If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

در حال پردازش رسانه

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

نمایش جریانی رسانه

在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
运行时前提条件

在启动前台服务之前，调用 createScreenCaptureIntent() 方法。这样做会向用户显示权限通知；用户必须先授予权限，然后您才能创建服务。

创建前台服务后，您可以调用 MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()。

说明

使用 MediaProjection API 将内容投影到非主要显示屏或外部设备。这些内容不必全都为媒体内容。

替代方案

如需将媒体内容流式传输到其他设备，请使用 Google Cast SDK。

میکروفون

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

تماس تلفنی

نوع سرویس پیش‌زمینه‌ای برای اعلام در مانیفست تحت
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
اجازه برای اعلام در مانیفست
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
ثابت برای ارسال به startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
پیش‌نیازهای زمان اجرا

حداقل یکی از این شرایط باید درست باشد:

  • برنامه اجازه MANAGE_OWN_CALLS را در فایل مانیفست خود اعلام کرده است.
  • برنامه ازطریق نقش ROLE_DIALER، برنامه شماره‌گیر پیش‌فرض است.
شرح

بااستفاده از میاناهای برنامه‌سازی کاربردی ConnectionService، تماس درحال انجام را ادامه دهید.

موارد جایگزین

اگر لازم است تماس تلفنی، تصویری، یا VoIP برقرار کنید، از کتابخانه android.telecom استفاده کنید.

برای غربال کردن تماس‌ها، از CallScreeningService استفاده کنید.

پیام‌رسانی از راه دور

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

سرویس کوتاه

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

استفاده ویژه

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
运行时前提条件
无
说明

涵盖其他前台服务类型未涵盖的所有有效前台服务用例。

除了声明 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE 前台服务类型之外，开发者还应在清单中声明用例。为此，他们会在 <service> 元素内指定 <property> 元素。这些值和相应的应用场景 。用途 您提供的案例均为自由形式，因此，您应确保提供足够的 相关信息，让审核人员了解您为何需要使用 specialUse 类型。

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

سیستم معاف شد

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

اجرای خط‌مشی Google Play برای استفاده از انواع سرویس‌های پیش‌زمینه‌ای

اگر برنامه شما Android 14 یا بالاتر را هدف قرار می دهد، باید انواع خدمات پیش زمینه برنامه خود را در صفحه محتوای برنامه کنسول Play ( خط مشی > محتوای برنامه ) اعلام کنید. برای اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد نحوه اعلام انواع سرویس های پیش زمینه خود در Play Console، به درک خدمات پیش زمینه و الزامات هدف تمام صفحه مراجعه کنید.