BLE GATT 서버에 연결되면 이 연결을 사용하여 기기에서 사용 가능한 서비스를 확인하고 기기에서 데이터를 쿼리하며 특정 GATT 특성이 변경될 때 알림을 요청할 수 있습니다.
서비스 검색
BLE 기기에서 GATT 서버에 연결한 후 가장 먼저 해야 할 일은 서비스 검색을 실행하는 것입니다. 이는 원격 기기에서 사용할 수 있는 서비스에 관한 정보와 서비스 특성 및 설명자를 제공합니다. 다음 예에서 서비스가 기기에 성공적으로 연결되면 (BluetoothGattCallback의 적절한 onConnectionStateChange() 함수 호출로 표시됨) discoverServices() 함수는 BLE 기기에서 정보를 쿼리합니다.
서비스는 BluetoothGattCallback에서 onServicesDiscovered() 함수를 재정의해야 합니다.
이 함수는 기기에서 사용 가능한 서비스를 보고할 때 호출됩니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int, newState: Int) {
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
// successfully connected to the GATT Server
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED)
connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
// disconnected from the GATT Server
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED)
connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED
}
}
override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED)
} else {
Log.w(BluetoothService.TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: $status")
}
}
}
...
companion object {
const val ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED"
const val ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED"
const val ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED"
private const val STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0
private const val STATE_CONNECTED = 2
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
...
private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
// successfully connected to the GATT Server
connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
bluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
// disconnected from the GATT Server
connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
}
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
};
}
서비스는 브로드캐스트를 사용하여 활동에 알립니다. 서비스가 검색되면 서비스는 getServices()를 호출하여 보고된 데이터를 가져올 수 있습니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
fun getSupportedGattServices(): List<BluetoothGattService?>? {
return bluetoothGatt?.services
}
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
...
public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
if (bluetoothGatt == null) return null;
return bluetoothGatt.getServices();
}
}
그러면 활동은 브로드캐스트 인텐트를 수신할 때 이 함수를 호출할 수 있으며, 이는 서비스 검색이 완료되었음을 나타냅니다.
Kotlin
class DeviceControlActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
...
private val gattUpdateReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
when (intent.action) {
BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED -> {
connected = true
updateConnectionState(R.string.connected)
}
BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED -> {
connected = false
updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected)
}
BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED -> {
// Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface.
displayGattServices(bluetoothService?.getSupportedGattServices())
}
}
}
}
}
Java
class DeviceControlsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
...
private final BroadcastReceiver gattUpdateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) {
connected = true;
updateConnectionState(R.string.connected);
} else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) {
connected = false;
updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected);
} else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) {
// Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface.
displayGattServices(bluetoothService.getSupportedGattServices());
}
}
};
}
BLE 특성 읽기
앱이 GATT 서버에 연결되고 서비스를 검색했다면 속성을 읽고 쓸 수 있습니다(지원되는 경우). 예를 들어 다음 스니펫은 서버의 서비스 및 특성을 반복하여 UI에 표시합니다.
Kotlin
class DeviceControlActivity : Activity() {
// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
// Services/Characteristics.
// In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// ExpandableListView on the UI.
private fun displayGattServices(gattServices: List<BluetoothGattService>?) {
if (gattServices == null) return
var uuid: String?
val unknownServiceString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_service)
val unknownCharaString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic)
val gattServiceData: MutableList<HashMap<String, String>> = mutableListOf()
val gattCharacteristicData: MutableList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> =
mutableListOf()
mGattCharacteristics = mutableListOf()
// Loops through available GATT Services.
gattServices.forEach { gattService ->
val currentServiceData = HashMap<String, String>()
uuid = gattService.uuid.toString()
currentServiceData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString)
currentServiceData[LIST_UUID] = uuid
gattServiceData += currentServiceData
val gattCharacteristicGroupData: ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> = arrayListOf()
val gattCharacteristics = gattService.characteristics
val charas: MutableList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> = mutableListOf()
// Loops through available Characteristics.
gattCharacteristics.forEach { gattCharacteristic ->
charas += gattCharacteristic
val currentCharaData: HashMap<String, String> = hashMapOf()
uuid = gattCharacteristic.uuid.toString()
currentCharaData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownCharaString)
currentCharaData[LIST_UUID] = uuid
gattCharacteristicGroupData += currentCharaData
}
mGattCharacteristics += charas
gattCharacteristicData += gattCharacteristicGroupData
}
}
}
Java
public class DeviceControlActivity extends Activity {
...
// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
// Services/Characteristics.
// In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// ExpandableListView on the UI.
private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
if (gattServices == null) return;
String uuid = null;
String unknownServiceString = getResources().
getString(R.string.unknown_service);
String unknownCharaString = getResources().
getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic);
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData =
new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData
= new ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>();
mGattCharacteristics =
new ArrayList<ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>>();
// Loops through available GATT Services.
for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData =
new HashMap<String, String>();
uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();
currentServiceData.put(
LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.
lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString));
currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData =
new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =
gattService.getCharacteristics();
ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas =
new ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>();
// Loops through available Characteristics.
for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic :
gattCharacteristics) {
charas.add(gattCharacteristic);
HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData =
new HashMap<String, String>();
uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();
currentCharaData.put(
LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid,
unknownCharaString));
currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);
}
mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);
gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);
}
...
}
...
}
GATT 서비스는 기기에서 읽을 수 있는 특성 목록을 제공합니다. 데이터를 쿼리하려면 BluetoothGatt에서 readCharacteristic() 함수를 호출하여 읽으려는 BluetoothGattCharacteristic를 전달합니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
fun readCharacteristic(characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) {
bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt ->
gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic)
} ?: run {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized")
Return
}
}
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
...
public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized");
return;
}
bluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
}
이 예에서 서비스는 readCharacteristic()를 호출하는 함수를 구현합니다.
이는 비동기 호출입니다. 결과는 BluetoothGattCallback 함수 onCharacteristicRead()로 전송됩니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
...
override fun onCharacteristicRead(
gatt: BluetoothGatt,
characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
status: Int
) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(BluetoothService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic)
}
}
}
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
...
private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
...
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(
BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
int status
) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
};
}
특정 콜백이 트리거되면 적절한 broadcastUpdate() 도우미 메서드를 호출하여 작업을 전달합니다. 이 섹션의 데이터 파싱은 블루투스 심박수 측정 프로필 사양에 따라 실행됩니다.
Kotlin
private fun broadcastUpdate(action: String, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) {
val intent = Intent(action)
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
// parsing is carried out as per profile specifications.
when (characteristic.uuid) {
UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT -> {
val flag = characteristic.properties
val format = when (flag and 0x01) {
0x01 -> {
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.")
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16
}
else -> {
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.")
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8
}
}
val heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1)
Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate))
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, (heartRate).toString())
}
else -> {
// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
val data: ByteArray? = characteristic.value
if (data?.isNotEmpty() == true) {
val hexString: String = data.joinToString(separator = " ") {
String.format("%02X", it)
}
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, "$data\n$hexString")
}
}
}
sendBroadcast(intent)
}
Java
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
// parsing is carried out as per profile specifications.
if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
int format = -1;
if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
} else {
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
}
final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
} else {
// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
for(byte byteChar : data)
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" +
stringBuilder.toString());
}
}
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
GATT 알림 수신
일반적으로 BLE 앱은 기기에서 특정 특성이 변경되면 알림을 받도록 요청합니다. 다음 예에서 서비스는 setCharacteristicNotification() 메서드를 호출하는 함수를 구현합니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
fun setCharacteristicNotification(
characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic,
enabled: Boolean
) {
bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt ->
gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled)
// This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
if (BluetoothService.UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT == characteristic.uuid) {
val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG))
descriptor.value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
}
} ?: run {
Log.w(BluetoothService.TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized")
}
}
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
...
public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,boolean enabled) {
if (bluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized");
Return;
}
bluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
// This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
bluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
}
}
}
특성에 관한 알림이 사용 설정되면 원격 기기에서 특성이 변경되면 onCharacteristicChanged() 콜백이 트리거됩니다.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() {
...
private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
...
override fun onCharacteristicChanged(
gatt: BluetoothGatt,
characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic
) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic)
}
}
}
Java
class BluetoothService extends Service {
...
private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
...
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(
BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic
) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
};
}